Environment International最新文献

{"title":"Ambient fine particulate matter provokes multiple modalities of cell death via perturbation of subcellular structures","authors":"Yán Wāng","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2024.109193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2024.109193","url":null,"abstract":"Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is increasingly recognized for its detrimental effects on human health, with substantial evidence linking exposure to various forms of cell death and dysfunction across multiple organ systems. This review examines key cell death mechanisms triggered by PM2.5, including PANoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis, while other forms such as oncosis, paraptosis, and cuprotosis remain unreported in relation to PM2.5 exposure. Mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and lysosomes emerge as pivotal organelles in the disruption of cellular homeostasis, with mitochondrial dysfunction particularly implicated in metabolic dysregulation and the activation of pro-apoptotic pathways. Although PM2.5 primarily affects the nucleus, cytoskeleton, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and lysosomes, other organelles like ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, and peroxisomes have received limited attention. Interactions between these organelles, such as endoplasmic reticulum-associated mitochondrial membranes, lysosome-associated mitophagy, and mitochondria-nuclei <em>retro</em>-signaling may significantly contribute to the cytotoxic effects of PM2.5. The mechanisms of PM2.5 toxicity, encompassing oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and metabolic imbalances, are described in detail. Notably, PM2.5 activates the NLRP3 inflammasome, amplifying inflammatory responses and contributing to chronic diseases. Furthermore, PM2.5 exposure disrupts genetic and epigenetic regulation, often resulting in cell cycle arrest and exacerbating cellular damage. The composition, concentration, and seasonal variability of PM2.5 modulate these effects, underscoring the complexity of PM2.5-induced cellular dysfunction. Despite significant advances in understanding these pathways, further research is required to elucidate the long-term effects of chronic PM2.5 exposure, the role of epigenetic regulation, and potential therapeutic strategies to mitigate its harmful impact on human health.","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142816334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel organophosphate esters and their transformation products in offshore sediment from Eastern China: Occurrence, temporal trend, and risk assessment","authors":"Meng Gao, Yu Wang, Liman Wei, Siyuan Li, Qiuyue Zhang, Zhongkang Yang, Mohan Bai, Yiming Yao, Lei Wang, Hongwen Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2024.109205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2024.109205","url":null,"abstract":"Offshore sediment serves as an important sink for traditional organophosphate esters (TOPEs) originating from terrestrial sources. However, the contamination characteristics of novel OPEs (NOPEs) and their hydrolyzed and hydroxylated transformation products (Di- and OH-OPEs) in marine sediment are still unknown. In this study, 34 OPE-associated contaminants were measured in six offshore sediment cores (71 samples) collected from Eastern China. The total concentrations of Σ₁₅TOPEs, Σ₃NOPEs, Σ₉Di-OPEs, and Σ₇OH-OPEs in surface sediments were 3.16–73.4, n.d.–16.3, 4.48–21.4, and 0.14–0.42 ng/g, respectively. NOPE compounds, such as tris(2,4-di-<em>tert</em>-butylphenyl) phosphate and its diester product, exhibited high contamination levels, primarily due to their high hydrophobicity and extensive industrial applications. Additionally, atmospheric transportation, along with wet and dry deposition and ocean currents, plays a crucial role in their distribution in offshore sediment. The location conditions and historical usage also influenced the vertical distributions of OPE-associated contaminants in sediment cores. Notably, a concentration peak of bis(2,4-di-<em>tert</em>-butylphenyl) phosphate (B2,4DtBPP) was dating back to 1940 s, indicating the early usage of antioxidant tris(2,4-di-<em>tert</em>-butylphenyl) phosphite. Furthermore, a risk quotient (RQ) model was employed to assess the ecological risks posed by OPEs. Generally, the acute toxicity-based predicted no-effect concentrations for studied compounds were 1 to 2 orders of magnitude lower than those based on chronic toxicity. NOPEs and B2,4DtBPP exhibited high ecological risks, with maximum RQ values of 1570–4877 based on acute toxicity and 93.4–197 based on chronic toxicity. Notably, ΣRQ values for NOPEs were significantly higher than those of TOPEs (Mann-Whitney <em>U</em> test, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), indicating their severe ecological risks in offshore sediment. Therefore, given the continuous input and considerable persistence of NOPEs in offshore sediment, their toxic effects and mechanisms warrant thorough investigation. This study provides the first evidence for the occurrence, temporal trends, and potential risks of NOPEs in marine sediment environment.","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"231 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142809825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Root exudates regulate soil antibiotic resistance genes via rhizosphere microbes under long-term fertilization","authors":"Xiujing Guan, Yuhui Li, Yanying Yang, Zihua Liu, Rongguang Shi, Yan Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2024.109180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2024.109180","url":null,"abstract":"Organic fertilizer application promotes the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), yet the factors driving temporal differences in ARG abundance under long-term organic fertilizer application remain unclear. This study investigated the temporal dynamics of ARG diversity and abundance in both bulk and rhizosphere soils over 17 years (2003–2019), and explored microbial evolution strategies, ARG hosts succession and the influence of root exudates on ARGs regulation. The results showed that the ARGs abundance in rhizosphere soil was lower than that in bulk soil under long-term fertilization, and ARGs abundance exhibited a decrease and then remained stable in rhizosphere soil over time. There was a strong association between host bacteria and dominant ARGs (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Structural equations demonstrated that bacterial community had a most pronounced influence on ARGs (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), and metabolites exhibited an important mediation effect on bacterial community (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), thereby impacting ARGs. The metabolome analysis evidenced that significant correlations were found between defensive root exudates and most ARGs abundance (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), like, <em>luteolin-7-glucoside</em> was negatively correlated with <em>tetA(58)</em>. These findings provide deeper insights into the dynamics of soil ARGs under long-term fertilization, and identify critical factors that influence ARGs colonization in soils, providing support for controlling the spread of ARGs in agriculture soils.","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142804590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum metabolome associated with novel and legacy per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances exposure and thyroid cancer risk: A multi-module integrated analysis based on machine learning","authors":"Fei Wang, Yuanxin Lin, Lian Qin, Xiangtai Zeng, Hancheng Jiang, Yanlan Liang, Shifeng Wen, Xiangzhi Li, Shiping Huang, Chunxiang Li, Xiaoyu Luo, Xiaobo Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2024.109203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2024.109203","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Background</h3>Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) may linked to thyroid cancer (TC) risk, but inconsistent findings and a lack of studies on mixed exposures exist, especially regarding novel PFAS compounds. Additionally, little is known about the potential mechanisms underlying the association.<h3>Objectives</h3>Explore the effects of PFAS exposure on the serum metabolome and its correlation with TC.<h3>Methods</h3>A 1:1 age- and sex-matched case-control study was administered with 746 TC cases and healthy controls. Liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry determined serum 11 PFAS and untargeted metabolome profile. ENET and LightGBM models were used to explore the exposure patterns and perform variable selection. The mixed exposure effects were assessed using Weighted quantile sum regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression. Metabolome-wide association analyses were performed to assess metabolic dysregulation associated with PFAS, and a structural synthesis analysis was used to detect latent groups of individuals with TC based on PFAS levels and metabolite patterns.<h3>Results</h3>Ten of the 11 PFAS were detected in &gt; 80 % of the population. PFHxA and PFDoA exposure associated with increased TC risk, while PFHxS and PFOA associated with decreased TC risk in single compound models (all <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Machine learning algorithms identified PFHxA, PFDoA, PFHxS, PFOA, and PFHpA as the key PFAS influencing the development of TC, and mixed exposures have an overall positive effect on TC risk, with PFHxA making the primary contribution. A novel integrative analysis identified a cluster of TC patients characterized by increased PFHxA, PFDoA, PFHpA and decreased PFOA, PFHxS levels, and altered metabolite patterns highlighted by the upregulation of free fatty acids.<h3>Conclusions</h3>PFAS exposure is linked to a higher risk of TC, possibly through changes in fatty acid metabolism. Larger, prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings, and the role of short-chain PFAS requires more attention.","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142809826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of exposure to second-hand smoke during childhood with blood DNA methylation","authors":"Marta Cosin-Tomas, Thanh Hoang, Cancan Qi, Giulietta S Monasso, Ryan Langdon, Simon Kebede Merid, Lucinda Calas, Paula de Prado-Bert, Rebecca Richmond, Vincent VW Jaddoe, Liesbeth Duijts, John Wright, Isabella Annesi-Maesano, Regina Grazuleviciene, Marianna Karachaliou, Gerard H. Koppelman, Erik Melén, Olena Gruzieva, Martine Vrijheid, Paul Yousefi, Mariona Bustamante","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2024.109204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2024.109204","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Introduction</h3>By recent estimates, 40% of children worldwide are exposed to second-hand smoke (SHS), which has been associated with adverse health outcomes. While numerous studies have linked maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) to widespread differences in child blood DNA methylation (DNAm), research specifically examining postnatal SHS exposure remains sparse. To address this gap, we conducted epigenome-wide <em>meta</em>-analyses to identify associations of postnatal SHS and child blood DNAm.<h3>Methods</h3>Six cohorts from the Pregnancy And Childhood Epigenetics (PACE) Consortium (total N = 2,695), with SHS data and child blood DNAm (aged 7–9 years) measured with the Illumina 450 K array were included in the <em>meta</em>-analysis. Linear regression models adjusted for covariates were fitted to examine the association between the number of household smokers in postnatal life (0, 1, 2 + ) and child blood DNAm. Sensitivity models without adjusting for MSDP and restricted to mothers who did not smoke during pregnancy were evaluated.<h3>Results</h3>Our analysis revealed significant associations (False Discovery Rate &lt; 0.05) between household postnatal SHS exposure and DNAm at 11 CpGs in exposed children. Nine CpGs were mapped to genes (<em>MYO1G, FAM184B, CTDSPL2, LTBP3</em>, <em>PDE10A</em>, and <em>FIBCD1</em>), while 2 CpGs were located in open sea regions. Notably, all except 2 CpGs (mapped to <em>FIBCD1</em> and <em>CTDSPL2</em>) have previously been linked to either personal smoking habits or <em>in utero</em> exposure to smoking. The models restricted to non-smoking mothers provided similar results. Importantly, several of these CpGs and their associated genes are implicated in conditions exacerbated by or directly linked to SHS.<h3>Conclusions</h3>Our findings highlight the potential biological effects of SHS on blood DNAm. These findings support further research on epigenetic factors mediating deleterious effects of SHS on child health and call for public health policies aimed at reducing exposure, particularly in environments where children are present.","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142804588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field-based evidence for the prevalence of soil antibiotic resistomes under long-term antibiotic-free fertilization","authors":"Yuhao Fu, Fang Hu, Fang Wang, Min Xu, Zhongjun Jia, Wulf Amelung, Zhi Mei, Xiaozeng Han, Marko Virta, Xin Jiang, James M. Tiedje","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2024.109202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2024.109202","url":null,"abstract":"Growing evidence suggests that the use of manure containing residual antibiotics universally leads to an increase in soil antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). However, there is limited understanding of the influence of long-term antibiotic-free fertilization and the differences between antibiotic-free manure and chemical fertilizer on soil ARGs. This study aimed to quantify the assembly patterns of the antibiotic resistome by in situ probing bacterial community and environmental variations in field soils that have been subjected to long-term exposure to chemical fertilizer and/or manure from animals without antibiotic amendments. Long-term fertilization slightly impacts the diversity of antibiotic resistomes, with 85.5 % of total ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) being common across all treatment types, while significantly increasing their abundances from 0.68 to a maximum of 0.90 copies/16S rRNA. The rise in ARG abundances was less pronounced when using antibiotic-free manure compared to chemical fertilizer, particularly for Rank Ⅱ ARGs. However, when antibiotic-free manure and chemical fertilizer were combined, a significant increase in nutrients (such as available nitrogen and organic matter) and MGEs occurred, leading to the enrichment of soil microbial populations, especially in certain resistant species, and Rank Ⅰ and Ⅱ ARGs. Despite the influence of various factors like bacterial communities, soil properties, heavy metals, and MGEs, the MGEs had the most significant standardized effects on shaping ARGs through both direct and indirect pathways. Our findings indicates that while of antibiotic-free manure can lower the risk of antibiotic residues and promote sustainable farming practices, it may not fully eliminate the prevalence of ARGs, highlighting the need for more comprehensive strategies to address antibiotic resistance in agriculture rather than simply prohibiting the use of antibiotics.","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142797628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantification and occurrence of 39 tire-related chemicals in urban and rural aerosol from Saxony, Germany","authors":"Volkwin Kuntz, Daniel Zahn, Thorsten Reemtsma","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2024.109189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2024.109189","url":null,"abstract":"Tire and road wear particles (TRWP) are a major contributor to non-exhaust traffic emissions, but their contribution to and dynamics in urban aerosol is not well known. Urban particulate matter (PM) in the size fraction below 10 µm (PM₁₀) from two German cities was collected over 2 weeks and analysed for 39 tire-related chemicals, including amines, guanidines, ureas, benzothiazoles, <em>p</em>-phenylenediamines, quinolines and several transformation products (TPs). Of these, 37 compounds were determined in PM₁₀ at median concentrations of 212 pg/m³ for 1,3-diphenylguanidine (DPG) and 132 pg/m³ for benzothiazole-2-sulfonic acid (BTSA); 10 of the compounds have not been reported in urban aerosol before. Median concentrations of N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-<em>p</em>-phenylenediamine (6-PPD), 6-PPD quinone (6-PPDQ), and 1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline (TMQ) were 1.0, 4.1, and 8.1 pg/m³, respectively. Some parent compounds showed positive correlation with their TPs, e.g. 6-PPD with 4-aminodiphenylamine (4-ADPA), N,N’-diphenyl-<em>p</em>-phenylenediamine (DPPD) with DPPD quinone (DPPDQ), and DPG with phenylguanidine (PG). The concentration pattern of the compounds in PM₁₀ did not agree to the pattern found for cryo-milled tire tread (CMTT_mix), likely reflecting transformation processes in tires or the aerosol and the influence from other sources than TRWP. Concentrations in PM_2.5 were determined from one of the sites and were by a factor of 4 – 10 lower than in PM_10-2.5 for 9 compounds, but a few others, mostly benzothiazoles showed similar or higher concentrations. Many of the tire-related chemicals were also determined in PM₁₀ of one rural site, although at median concentrations up to two orders of magnitude lower. A large number of tire chemicals with a wide concentration range is present in urban PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 aerosol and requires scrutiny with respect to its relevance for human exposure.","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142793252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating river transport processes and seasonal dynamics to assess watershed nitrogen export risk","authors":"Jian Peng, Tianhan Lan, Jiabin Wang, Pei Xia, Huining Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2024.109194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2024.109194","url":null,"abstract":"Excessive nitrogen exported to water bodies affects the balance of an ecosystem and poses a threat to human health. Although the concept of water purification service helps quantify nitrogen export, the impact of river transport remains unclear. This study focused on nitrogen as a pollutant by utilizing the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) model to assess nitrogen export in the Dongting Lake Basin, taking into account both the processes of sub-basin nitrogen export and river transport. Additionally, the monthly variations within the year were further explored, together with the identification of the priority area of returning cropland to forest land. The results showed that in 2021, the total nitrogen load outside the Dongting Lake was 11.34 × 10⁸ kg·year⁻¹, with the sub-basins retaining a total of 9.02 × 10⁸ kg·year⁻¹, accounting for 79.57 % of the total nitrogen load. Notably, the total nitrogen retention by the river made up 16.87 % of the total nitrogen retention, up to 1.83 × 10⁸ kg·year⁻¹. In view of monthly variation, water purification service based on the entire process were higher in winter and late autumn, and lower in summer and early autumn. The priority areas for ecological project were mainly distributed around the Dongting Lake, achieving an improvement of 58.15 % in water purification services with approximately 7.02 % of the total returnable cropland. This study proposed a new approach of water purification service assessment through integrating river transport processes and seasonal dynamics, aiming to assess watershed nitrogen export risk more accurately.","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142793251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Melamine regulatory assessment for endocrine disruption","authors":"Isabelle Charron, Brigitte Le Magueresse-Battistoni, René Habert, Marie-Chantal Canivenc-Lavier, Sakina Mhaouty-Kodja, Cécile Michel-Caillet","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2024.109188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2024.109188","url":null,"abstract":"Melamine has several domestic and industrial uses as a flame retardant or in the manufacture of melamine–formaldehyde resins. Based on available scientific literature data, the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health &amp; Safety (ANSES) included this substance in the list of “chemicals that may present endocrine disruptor (ED) properties”, and the substance was prioritized to assess whether it should be classified as an ED in European Union (EU) regulations for hazard identification. This review reports the assessment of melamine based on relevant studies from the registration dossier under REACH, and peer-reviewed literature. Among the various adverse effects, reproductive, neurodevelopmental, and thyroid effects were analyzed in particular, because they could be the consequence of an endocrine disruption. The different modes of action (endocrine or non-endocrine) potentially leading to these effects were scrutinized to understand whether the WHO definition for ED and the criteria for hazard identification were met. It was concluded that the reproductive effect on spermatogenesis was not a consequence of endocrine activity. A biologically plausible link between this effect and endocrine activity was not established, and other modes of action (oxidative stress or altered energy metabolism) could be involved. Similarly, thyroid and neurodevelopmental effects appeared at higher doses than those leading to renal toxicity. Our assessment confirms that melamine is a reprotoxic substance but does not support ED classification. This assessment illustrates the scientific and regulatory challenges in differentiating specific endocrine disruption from an indirect endocrine effect resulting from non-ED mediated systemic toxicity.","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142797631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A European aerosol phenomenology – 9: Light absorption properties of carbonaceous aerosol particles across surface Europe","authors":"Jordi Rovira, Marjan Savadkoohi, Gang I. Chen, Griša Močnik, Wenche Aas, Lucas Alados-Arboledas, Begoña Artiñano, Minna Aurela, John Backman, Sujai Banerji, David Beddow, Benjamin Brem, Benjamin Chazeau, Martine Collaud Coen, Cristina Colombi, Sebastien Conil, Francesca Costabile, Esther Coz, Joel F. de Brito, Kostas Eleftheriadis, Marco Pandolfi","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2024.109185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2024.109185","url":null,"abstract":"Carbonaceous aerosols (CA), composed of black carbon (BC) and organic matter (OM), significantly impact the climate. Light absorption properties of CA, particularly of BC and brown carbon (BrC), are crucial due to their contribution to global and regional warming. We present the absorption properties of BC (b_Abs,BC) and BrC (b_Abs,BrC) inferred using Aethalometer data from 44 European sites covering different environments (traffic (TR), urban (UB), suburban (SUB), regional background (RB) and mountain (M)). Absorption coefficients showed a clear relationship with station setting decreasing as follows: TR &gt; UB &gt; SUB &gt; RB &gt; M, with exceptions. The contribution of b_Abs,BrC to total absorption (b_Abs), i.e. %Abs_BrC, was lower at traffic sites (11–20 %), exceeding 30 % at some SUB and RB sites. Low AAE values were observed at TR sites, due to the dominance of internal combustion emissions, and at some remote RB/M sites, likely due to the lack of proximity to BrC sources, insufficient secondary processes generating BrC or the effect of photobleaching during transport. Higher b_Abs and AAE were observed in Central/Eastern Europe compared to Western/Northern Europe, due to higher coal and biomass burning emissions in the east. Seasonal analysis showed increased b_Abs, b_Abs,BC, b_Abs,BrC in winter, with stronger %Abs_BrC, leading to higher AAE. Diel cycles of b_Abs,BC peaked during morning and evening rush hours, whereas b_Abs,BrC, %Abs_BrC, AAE, and AAE_BrC peaked at night when emissions from household activities accumulated. Decade-long trends analyses demonstrated a decrease in b_Abs, due to reduction of BC emissions, while b_Abs,BrC and AAE increased, suggesting a shift in CA composition, with a relative increase in BrC over BC. This study provides a unique dataset to assess the BrC effects on climate and confirms that BrC can contribute significantly to UV–VIS radiation presenting highly variable absorption properties in Europe.","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142793253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}