Environment International最新文献

{"title":"Deoxynivalenol exposure-related male reproductive toxicity in mammals: Molecular mechanisms, detoxification and future directions","authors":"Chongshan Dai ,&nbsp;Zhihui Hao ,&nbsp;Dingkuo Liu ,&nbsp;Zhanhui Wang ,&nbsp;Gea Oliveri Conti ,&nbsp;Tony Velkov ,&nbsp;Jianzhong Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109478","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109478","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An increasing body of evidence indicates that exposure to widespread, environmental and food contaminants such as mycotoxins may cause endocrine disorders and infertility. Deoxynivalenol (DON), which is a toxic secondary metabolite produced by <em>Fusarium</em> fungi, can lead to multiple harmful effects in humans and animals, such as hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, immunotoxicity, gastrointestinal toxicity, neurotoxicity, genetic toxicity and carcinogenicity. Recently, there has been growing concern about DON-induced male infertility. Exposure to DON and its metabolites can damage the structure and function of male reproductive organs, resulting in impairment of gametogenesis and thus impaired fertility. Potential molecular mechanisms involve oxidative stress, inflammatory response, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. Moreover, several signaling pathways, including nuclear factor-kappa B, mitogen−activated protein kinase, NLR family pyrin domain containing 3, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, AMP-activated protein kinase, mitochondrial apoptotic pathways, and microRNAs are involved in these detrimental biological processes. Research has shown that several antioxidants, small-molecule inhibitors, or proteins (such as lactoferrin) supplementation can potentially offer protective effects by targeting these signaling pathways. This review comprehensively summarizes the harmful effects of DON exposure on male reproductive function in mammals, the underlying molecular mechanisms and emphasizes the potential of several small molecules as protective therapeutics. In the further, the systematic risk assessment when DON at environmental exposure doses to human reproductive health, the in-depth and precise molecular mechanism investigation using emerging technologies, and the development of more effective intervention strategies warrant urgent investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109478"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143841507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Positive impact of the legislation on organotins contamination in the marine environment of Hong Kong","authors":"Yan Jiang ,&nbsp;Man Sze Kwok ,&nbsp;Huiju Lin ,&nbsp;Rainbow W.S. Leung ,&nbsp;Shaopeng Xu ,&nbsp;Juan C. Astudillo ,&nbsp;Mengyang Liu ,&nbsp;Kenneth M.Y. Leung","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109486","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109486","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since September 2008, the use of organotin compounds (OTs) on antifouling systems on seagoing vessels has been globally banned by the International Maritime Organisation due to their toxic effects to non-target marine organisms. However, the regulation enforcement varies by government, hindering its effectiveness in controlling OTs contamination. For example, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Government enacted related legislation in January 2017. This study, conducted from 2022 to 2023, aimed to assess whether this law and its enforcement had significantly reduced OTs contamination in Hong Kong’s marine environment. The results showed significant reductions in concentrations of butyltins (BTs) in seawater and total OTs in the rock shell <em>Reishia clavigera</em> from 2010 to 2023, though only dibutyltin (DBT) decreased in sediment. Triphenyltin (TPT) was identified as the predominant compound in all matrices, with levels correlating positively with shipping activities. Imposex levels in <em>R. clavigera</em> also significantly decreased, as indicated by the vas deferens sequence index and the proportion of sterile female compared to 2010 and 2015. A probabilistic risk assessment based on tissue burden of tributyltin (TBT) and TPT in <em>R. clavigera</em> suggested that current TBT levels no longer had significant adverse effects on the gastropod, while TPT could impact 68% of their populations. Over a five-year period since the legislation, substantial reductions in BTs in coastal waters, and overall OTs in rock shells were observed, but TPT persisted at concerning levels. Continued risk management measures and regular monitoring are crucial to further mitigate TPT contamination in Hong Kong waters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109486"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143846945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The protective role of 3-Indoleglyoxylic acid in Bisphenol S-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction via mitochondrial ROS-Mediated IL-17/CXCL10/TNF-α signaling","authors":"Jing Wang ,&nbsp;Guolei Niu ,&nbsp;Huanzhuo Mai ,&nbsp;Xianan Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiahao Zhu ,&nbsp;Bin Li ,&nbsp;Yushuang Gao ,&nbsp;Tengkai Huang ,&nbsp;Qingtao Meng ,&nbsp;Rui Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bisphenol S (BPS) has become extensively used in the manufacturing of consumer products. BPS mainly enters the body through food and water, with oral exposure targeting the gastrointestinal tract. However, its safety profile remains contentious and warrants further investigation. In this study, we aimed to assess whether BPS exerts harmful effects on the body in the absence of overt pathological damage. Our results revealed that although BPS did not lead to significant histopathological damage, it induced intestinal barrier dysfunction. Additionally, in vitro investigations utilizing NCM460 cells and human-derived colorectal organoids demonstrated that BPS exposure induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in intestinal endocrine cells (EECs), upregulating the expression of inflammatory mediators TNF-α and CXCL10. Using a DSS-induced colitis mouse model, it was found that BPS exposure exacerbates the progression of intestinal inflammatory diseases. Analysis of single-cell databases demonstrated a significant reduction in the expression of <em>CHGA</em>, a functional protein of enteroendocrine cells (EECs), in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The expression of <em>CHGA</em> showed a significant negative correlation with the expression of <em>IL17</em>. Notably, supplementation with 3-Indoleglyoxylic acid effectively mitigates the intestinal damage induced by BPS. These findings highlight the role of mitochondrial oxidative stress and IL-17/CXCL10/TNF-α signaling in BPS-induced intestinal damage and demonstrate the therapeutic potential of 3-Indoleglyoxylic acid in mitigating these effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109477"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143846958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traffic-related ultrafine particles influence gene regulation in olfactory mucosa cells altering PI3K/AKT signaling","authors":"Laura Mussalo ,&nbsp;Alexey M. Afonin ,&nbsp;Tana Zavodna ,&nbsp;Zdenek Krejcik ,&nbsp;Katerina Honkova ,&nbsp;Claire Fayad ,&nbsp;Muhammad Ali Shahbaz ,&nbsp;Juho Kalapudas ,&nbsp;Elina Penttilä ,&nbsp;Heikki Löppönen ,&nbsp;Anne M Koivisto ,&nbsp;Tarja Malm ,&nbsp;Jan Topinka ,&nbsp;Pasi Jalava ,&nbsp;Riikka Lampinen ,&nbsp;Katja M. Kanninen","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109484","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109484","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traffic-related ultrafine particles (UFPs) are an emerging health concern affecting the brain and increasing the risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). PI3K/AKT signaling is known to contribute to neuronal survival and to be altered in AD. The nasal olfactory mucosa (OM) is a sensory tissue exposed directly to ambient air, and a starting point for olfactory neural circuits towards the brain. Evidence of air pollution-induced transcriptional regulation via microRNAs (miRNA) and DNA methylation (DNAmet) is accumulating and air pollutant-mediated disturbances in PI3K/AKT signaling have been reported. By utilizing a highly translational human-based <em>in vitro</em> model of OM, we aimed to investigate possible gene regulatory mechanisms in PI3K/AKT signaling induced by UFPs, and to compare the responses between cognitively healthy and individuals with AD. miRNA expression was analyzed using next-generation sequencing (NGS) and chip-based methylation analysis was performed to detect differentially methylated loci (DML). These data were combined with previously published transcriptomics analysis (mRNA) to construct an mRNA-miRNA-DNAmet-integrative network. Protein level changes were studied by immunoassays. We observed UFP-induced reductions in viability and increases in oxidative stress and DNA damage without eminent cell death. Integrative network analysis revealed multiple connections of miRNAs to differentially expressed genes in the PI3K/AKT pathway, and effects were most prominent in AD cells. Similarly, in AD cells DML were identified in transcription factor and apoptosis genes, downstream of PI3K/AKT signaling. Conclusively, traffic-related UFPs influence gene regulation of PI3K/AKT signaling to modulate OM cell survival, with existing AD pathology resulting in heightened vulnerability to UFP effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109484"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143846976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deriving exposure route-specific cancer slope factors of carcinogenic chemicals via PBK modeling","authors":"Yabi Huang ,&nbsp;Zijian Li","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109483","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109483","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carcinogenic chemicals entering the body via different exposure routes result in varying internal doses and thus influence the tumors development. The internal doses can be quantified using biotransfer factors (BTF) simulated by the physiologically based kinetic (PBK) model. This study proposed a modeling method to analyze the quantitative relationships between BTF and cancer slope factors (CSFs). When the CSF for one exposure route is known, the CSF values for the other two routes can be derived using the relationships. A total of 45 carcinogenic chemicals were selected, and their oral CSF (CSF_oral) and BTF values were collected for analysis. The results demonstrated that route-specific CSFs of chemicals can be different due to their physicochemical properties. In addition, the derived route-specific CSFs are further utilized to conduct a comprehensive cancer risk assessment. The results revealed that cancer risk caused by most environmental chemical exposure exceeded 1 × 10⁻⁶, suggesting that long-term exposure to chemicals would pose certain human cancer risks. These findings highlight the importance of exposure route-specific CSFs for accurate cancer risk assessment and provide a scientific reference for environmental agencies to refine the risk assessment system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109483"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143841506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the association of multi-environmental chemical exposures on metabolic syndrome: A machine learning approach","authors":"Yehoon Jo ,&nbsp;Mi-Yeon Shin ,&nbsp;Sungkyoon Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a major global public health concern due to its rising prevalence and association with increased risks of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Emerging evidence suggests that environmental chemical exposures may play a significant role in the development of MetS by disrupting metabolic pathways. This study used data from 2,960 participants in the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) cycle 4 (2018–2020) to examine associations between environmental exposures and MetS risk through machine learning (ML) approaches. Eight ML algorithms were applied, with the multilayer perceptron (MLP) and random forest (RF) models identified as optimal predictors. The MLP achieved an AUC of 0.79, and the RF achieved the highest F₁ score of 0.82. Both models highlighted PFOA and PFOS, alongside age and BMI, as key predictors. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) and partial dependence plots (PDP) revealed both linear and nonlinear exposure–response patterns, suggesting threshold effects for key chemicals. These findings underscore the importance of incorporating environmental exposures into MetS risk assessments. The ML models provided robust predictive performance and novel insights into chemical and metabolic interactions, advocating for regulatory measures to reduce harmful exposures and integrate environmental factors into MetS prevention strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109481"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143841505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Air pollution, lifestyle, and cardiovascular disease risk in northwestern China: A cohort study of over 5.8 million participants","authors":"Weidong Ji ,&nbsp;Lin Li ,&nbsp;Yinlin Cheng ,&nbsp;Yujuan Yuan ,&nbsp;Yu Zhao ,&nbsp;Kai Wang ,&nbsp;Baoyu Chen ,&nbsp;Yushan Wang ,&nbsp;Yining Yang ,&nbsp;Yi Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109459","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109459","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Evidence on the combined impact of air pollution and lifestyle on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is limited. We employed the Space-Time Extra-Trees model, an ensemble learning method for spatiotemporal data, to estimate the annual average concentrations of five air pollutants from 2017 to 2019. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the associations between air pollutant exposure and CVD incidence. A lifestyle score, based on body mass index, waist circumference, diet, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and smoking, was developed to examine the moderating effect of lifestyle on the air pollution-CVD relationship. Among 5,838,833 baseline participants without CVD, 414,218 developed CVD during follow-up. Long-term exposure to particulate matter (PM₁, PM_2.5, PM₁₀), ozone (O₃), and carbon monoxide (CO) was significantly associated with increased CVD risk. Stratified analyses revealed that exercise had the most significant impact on this association, with exercisers showing a notable reduction in risk compared to non-exercisers. An interaction between air pollution and lifestyle was observed (P-interaction &lt; 0.001). Compared to individuals with a relatively healthy lifestyle and low air pollution exposure, those with an unhealthy lifestyle and high exposure had the highest risk of developing CVD (PM₁: HR = 1.660, PM_2.5: HR = 1.891, PM₁₀: HR = 1.755, O₃: HR = 1.970, CO: HR = 1.426). Further analysis revealed a synergistic additive interaction between lifestyle and air pollution, leading to relative excess risks of 0.151, 0.154, 0.137, 0.171, and 0.095 in groups with relatively unhealthy lifestyles and high exposure to PM₁, PM_2.5, PM₁₀, O₃, and CO, respectively. Thus, in addition to controlling major air pollutant emissions, promoting healthy lifestyle adoption is crucial.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109459"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143841510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prenatal phthalate exposure and anogenital distance in infants at 12 months","authors":"Kim N. Cajachagua-Torres ,&nbsp;Nicole B. Salvi ,&nbsp;Eunsil Seok ,&nbsp;Yuyan Wang ,&nbsp;Mengling Liu ,&nbsp;Kurunthachalam Kannan ,&nbsp;Linda G. Kahn ,&nbsp;Leonardo Trasande ,&nbsp;Akhgar Ghassabian","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109472","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109472","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Anogenital distance (AGD) is a postnatal marker of <em>in utero</em> exposure to androgens and anti-androgens, and a predictor of reproductive health. We examined the association between gestational exposure to phthalates and AGD in male and female infants.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In 506 mother-infant pairs (276 males, 230 females), we measured urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites at &lt; 18 and 18–25 weeks of gestation and AGD at child age 12.9 months (95 % range 11.4–21.1). Phthalate metabolite concentrations were adjusted for urinary dilution, averaged, and natural log-transformed. We measured anus-clitoris distance (AGDac) and anus-fourchette distance (AGDaf) in females, and anus-scrotum distance, anus-penis distance, and penile width in males. We used linear regression and partial-linear single-index (PLSI) models to examine associations between phthalates and AGD as single pollutants and in mixture.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Fifty-eight percent of mothers were Hispanic, followed by 27 % non-Hispanic White. Higher exposures to ∑di-isononyl(phthalate) (∑DiNP) was associated with longer AGDaf [1.28 mm (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 0.52, 2.03) and 0.97 mm (95 %CI: 0.25, 1.69), respectively]. Higher exposures to ∑di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (∑DEHP) was associated with longer AGDac [2.80 mm (95 %CI: 1.17, 4.44), and 1.90 mm (95 %CI: 0.76, 3.04), respectively]. No association was observed between phthalate metabolites and AGD in males after multiple testing correction. In mixture analyses, ∑DiNP and ∑DEHP were the main contributors to longer AGD in females. We also detected an interaction between ∑DiNP and ∑DEHP in association with AGD in females.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Early pregnancy phthalate exposure was associated with longer AGD in female infants. Biological mechanisms underlying these associations should be further investigated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109472"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143837391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic biodistribution of inhaled silica particles to extrapulmonary sites: Early and late translocation mechanisms with implication for particle biomonitoring","authors":"Riccardo Leinardi ,&nbsp;Chiara Longo Sanchez-Calero ,&nbsp;Saloua Ibouraadaten ,&nbsp;Francine Uwambayinema ,&nbsp;Yousof Yakoub ,&nbsp;Cristina Pavan ,&nbsp;Rani Claus ,&nbsp;Frauke Lemaire ,&nbsp;Steven Ronsmans ,&nbsp;Manosij Ghosh ,&nbsp;Lénárd Farczádi ,&nbsp;Horatiu Moldovan ,&nbsp;Jeroen A.J. Vanoirbeek ,&nbsp;Francesco Turci ,&nbsp;Peter H.M. Hoet ,&nbsp;François Huaux","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109473","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109473","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An innovative method based on inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was developed to quantify the time-dependent systemic redistribution pattern of pulmonary-deposited crystalline silica particles by measuring silicon (Si) levels in the lungs, distal organs, and biological fluids. The method was applied in a murine model and validated in blood and urine samples from two occupationally exposed cohorts (miners and porcelain industry workers). In mice, 30 % of silica particles deposited in the lungs via oropharyngeal administration accumulated in extrapulmonary sites in less than 4 months. An early translocation (within 3 days) resulted in silica distribution to liver and kidneys (13 %), followed by a delayed migration (up to 60 days) in mediastinal lymph nodes (12 %), spleen (1.7 %), and abdominal skin (1.7 %). The long-term increase of Si in urine suggested silica renal clearance. Our data also indicated that the toxic potential of particles is a key determinant of extrapulmonary redistribution. The interest of Si as biomarker of exposure has been confirmed in workers exposed to crystalline silica dust. In these individuals, elevated Si levels in blood and urine paralleled silica exposure. Our findings quantify the dynamics of silica biodistribution in extrapulmonary organs, offering new insights on the biomonitoring of silica exposure in different scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109473"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143837276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Air pollution mapping and variability over five European cities","authors":"Karine Sartelet ,&nbsp;Jules Kerckhoffs ,&nbsp;Eleni Athanasopoulou ,&nbsp;Lya Lugon ,&nbsp;Jeni Vasilescu ,&nbsp;Jian Zhong ,&nbsp;Gerard Hoek ,&nbsp;Cyril Joly ,&nbsp;Soo-Jin Park ,&nbsp;Camelia Talianu ,&nbsp;Sef van den Elshout ,&nbsp;Fabrice Dugay ,&nbsp;Evangelos Gerasopoulos ,&nbsp;Alexandru Ilie ,&nbsp;Youngseob Kim ,&nbsp;Doina Nicolae ,&nbsp;Roy M. Harrison ,&nbsp;Tuukka Petäjä","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109474","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109474","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mapping urban pollution is essential for assessing population exposure and addressing associated health impacts. High urban concentrations are due to the proximity of sources such as traffic or residential heating, and to urban density with the presence of buildings that reduce street ventilation. This urban complexity makes fine-scale mapping challenging, even for regulated pollutants such as NO₂ and PM_2.5. In this study we apply state-of-the-art empirical and deterministic modeling approaches to produce high-resolution (&lt;100 m) pollution maps across five European cities (Paris, Athens, Birmingham, Rotterdam, Bucharest). These methodologies enable full-city mapping capturing intra-urban gradients of concentrations. Depending on the methodology, regulated pollutants (NO₂, PM₂.₅) and/or emerging pollutants (black carbon (BC) and ultrafine particles (UFP characterized here by particulate number concentration PNC)) are considered. For deterministic modelling, different approaches are presented: a multi-scale Eulerian modelling chain down to the street scale with chemistry/aerosol dynamics at all scales, multi-scale hybrid models with Eulerian regional dispersion and Gaussian subgrid dispersion, and a Gaussian-based model. Empirical land use regression models were developed based upon mobile monitoring.</div><div>To compare the relative performance of the methodologies and to evaluate their performance and limitations, the modelling results are compared to fixed measurement stations. We introduce a standardized metric to quantify spatial and seasonal variability and assess each method’s capacity to reproduce fine-scale urban heterogeneity. We also evaluate how data assimilation affects both concentration accuracy and variability representation—particularly relevant for emerging pollutants where measurement data are sparse. We confirm established seasonal and spatial patterns: spatial variability is more pronounced for PNC, NO₂ and BC than PM_2.5, and concentrations are higher during the winter periods. We also observe reduced spatial variability in winter for PM₂. ₅ (linked to residential heating) and for BC in cities with significant wood burning emissions. This study adds unique value by evaluating these patterns using fixed measurement stations, and quantifying them across entire urban areas at very fine spatial resolution (&lt;100 m). Furthermore, important methodological strengths and limitations are pointed out, providing practical guidance for the selection and improvement of urban exposure mapping methods, supporting the implementation of the new EU Air Quality Directive.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109474"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143837275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}