Environment International最新文献

{"title":"Human health risks of chromium in bright-colored leather products: Speciation-based insights into dermal permeation","authors":"Can Liu ,&nbsp;Chenjing Liu ,&nbsp;Albert L. Juhasz ,&nbsp;Wen-Jie Dong ,&nbsp;Lena Q. Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109538","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109538","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chromium (Cr) is a highly-toxic carcinogenic metal, which exists as chromite (CrIII) and chromate (CrVI) in the enviornment, with CrVI being used in leather production. With the increasing demand for leather products, health risks associated with Cr exposure of leather products from dermal contact require scrutiny. In this study, 105 leather samples were analyzed for total Cr, Cr speciation, and bioaccessible Cr. Further, 5 samples with the highest bioaccessible Cr were assessed for permeable Cr through mouse skin using Franz diffusion cells. Total Cr and CrVI contents were high in all samples, with total Cr being 32−45,800 mg kg⁻¹ and CrVI being 0.5–64.3 mg kg⁻¹. Notably, 82% of samples exceeded the European regulatory limit of 3 mg CrVI kg⁻¹ for leather products. Based on a dermal in-vitro assay, bioaccessible Cr contents were high and varied with leather color from 260 to 3,990 mg kg⁻¹ and were positively correlated with the CrVI contents. Specifically, leather samples with brighter color had greater bioaccessible Cr and total CrVI contents. Moreover, data from 24-h permeation tests indicate a positive correlation between permeable Cr and CrVI concentration in simulated sweat solution, which were utilized to refine exposure for human health risk assessment. Long-term dermal exposure to Cr in leather products may pose both permeable-Cr induced non-carcinogenic and permeable-CrVI induced carcinogenic risk for adults and children. This study suggests that bright-colored leather products may pose carcinogenic risk via dermal contact, emphasizing the need for increased attention to potential Cr exposure from leather products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 109538"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144066657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Diverse Acinetobacter species and Plasmid-Driven spread of carbapenem resistance in pharmaceutical settings in China” [Environ. Int. 198 (2025) 109373]","authors":"Jintao He, Liang Hong, Meijun Song, Yisha Zhang, Wang Zhang, Linghong Zhang, Danyan Zhou, Zhouwei Chen, Yunsong Yu, Huan Chen, Xiaoting Hua","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2025.109531","url":null,"abstract":"The authors regret that the description of the novel species does not fully comply with Rules 27 and 30 of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP) ^[1].","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144066656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the influencing factors of PM2.5 in China at different spatial scales based on machine learning algorithm","authors":"Meiru Chen ,&nbsp;Jun Liu ,&nbsp;Biwu Chu ,&nbsp;Di Zhao ,&nbsp;Ruiyu Li ,&nbsp;Tianzeng Chen ,&nbsp;Qingxin Ma ,&nbsp;Yonghong Wang ,&nbsp;Peng Zhang ,&nbsp;Hao Li ,&nbsp;Hong He","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109536","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109536","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>PM_2.5 pollution is one of the prominent environmental issues currently faced in China, influenced by various factors and showed significant spatial differences. In this study, the Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) model was employed in combination with SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) methods to explore the key impact factors (precursor emissions, meteorological conditions, geographical features and socioeconomic factors) on average annual PM_2.5 levels from 2015 to 2022 at both city and grid levels in China. The results show that incorporating pollutant concentration into the model enhances its performance, with R² improving significantly from 0.79 to 0.93, which underscores the importance of pollutant concentration and the outstanding predictive performance of the LightGBM algorithm. Further, after increasing the spatial resolution and applying a grid-level model, R² further improves to 0.96 ∼ 0.99. SHAP analysis revealed that PM_2.5 levels in urban areas are significantly influenced by pollutant concentration such as NO₂, CO, and SO₂, accounting for 49.3 % of the total impact. In contrast, the grid-based model highlights the dominant role of meteorological factors such as temperature and precipitation influencing PM_2.5 levels in non-urban areas. Moreover, the model results also suggested that the PM_2.5 pollution in Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and Pearl River Delta (PRD) are mainly controlled by primary emissions, while in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH), Fenwei Plain (FWP) and Sichuan Basin (SCB), atmospheric oxidation capacity is a limiting factor. This study underscores the potential of machine learning in atmospheric pollution control and offers insights for developing more effective and region-specific PM_2.5 control policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 109536"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144066569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probabilistic risk assessment of emerging EU-regulated fragrance allergens in household and personal care products","authors":"Hogeon Lee ,&nbsp;Eun Chul Pack ,&nbsp;Ye Ji Koo ,&nbsp;Dae Yong Jang ,&nbsp;Do Hyeon Lee ,&nbsp;Tae Hyeon An ,&nbsp;Gyeong Tae Kim ,&nbsp;Seung Ha Lee ,&nbsp;Kyung Min Lim ,&nbsp;Dalwoong Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109530","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109530","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fragrance allergens in consumer products are an emerging public health concern. In this study, 56 fragrance allergens—including 30 newly designated as mandatory labeling substances under Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/1545 of 26 July 2023 amending Regulation (EC) No. 1223/2009—were quantified for the first time in 267 household and personal care products available in South Korea. Quantification was performed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Of these allergens, 21 were detected exclusively in 119 kitchen cleaning products such as fruit and vegetable washes, dishwashing detergents, and dishwasher rinse aids, while none were found in disposable wipes. The most frequently detected substances were limonene, linalool, and α-terpineol. A tiered risk assessment was conducted based on the quantitative results to identify substances of concern for probabilistic risk assessment. In the conservative Tier 1 assessment, which considered systemic toxicity, skin sensitization, and local respiratory toxicity, five substances—limonene, benzyl alcohol, citral, hexyl cinnamal, and β-pinene—were flagged as potential concerns and further evaluated in a Tier 2 probabilistic risk assessment using Monte Carlo simulation. The Tier 2 assessment indicated no significant risk for systemic toxicity or skin sensitization, even at the 95th percentile exposure level. Sensitivity analysis identified key contributors to exposure variability: the concentration of the substance in the product, frequency and amount of use, and dilution rate. This study provides critical insight into exposure levels and potential health risks associated with newly regulated fragrance allergens in household and personal care products. The findings emphasize the need to update current safety management standards and demonstrate the value of probabilistic approaches in realistic risk assessments. By evaluating the safety of fragrance allergens in widely used consumer products, this research contributes to the advancement of global health risk management and regulatory science.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 109530"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143979978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishing and mapping heat-sensitive disease spectrum in eastern China: A comprehensive analysis of 1.4 million deaths involving 14 major disease categories","authors":"Yiming Gai ,&nbsp;Hong Su ,&nbsp;Yinguang Fan ,&nbsp;Wenjun Cheng ,&nbsp;Xiaojie Zou ,&nbsp;Yarui Fan ,&nbsp;Yuefang Li ,&nbsp;Zhen Ding ,&nbsp;Jintao Liu ,&nbsp;Yongmei Su ,&nbsp;Zien Jin ,&nbsp;Liwei Zhang ,&nbsp;Yanan Ouyang ,&nbsp;Yujia Zhai ,&nbsp;Yiyun Ding ,&nbsp;Chun Zhao ,&nbsp;Jian Cheng ,&nbsp;Hao Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109529","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109529","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Although high temperatures can affect multiple systems and organs, the comprehensive assessment of heat-sensitive diseases remains unclear. We aimed to establish the heat-related sensitive disease spectrum and assess the relative importance of affected diseases from the health risk and burden perspectives.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A space–time-stratified case-crossover analysis was used to examine the short-term association between high temperatures and cause-specific deaths in Jiangsu Province, China during the warm season of 2016 to 2019. A total of 14 major disease categories and 29 specific diseases were tested to identify heat-sensitive diseases. A multi-level comparison of heat-affected diseases was conducted based on the health risk and burden indicators including mortality risk, years of life lost (YLL) to measure disease burden, and value of YLL (VYLL) to measure economic burden.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>High temperatures were associated with an increased risk of mortality from 23 specific diseases involving 12 major disease categories, including well-studied cardiovascular, respiratory, endocrine, and nervous diseases, and less-studied skin, urinary system diseases, mental and behavioral disorders, external causes, injury and poisoning, symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical, and neoplasms. The top three greatest heat-related risks of mortality from major disease categories were skin system (OR: 1.72, 95 % CI: 1.37–2.36), external causes of mortality (OR: 1.71, 95 % CI: 1.57–1.87), and nervous system (OR: 1.46, 95 % CI: 1.26–1.68), and cause-specific diseases were asthma (OR: 2.26, 95 % CI: 1.46–3.50), accidental drowning (OR: 1.85, 95 % CI: 1.42–2.40), and acute respiratory infections (OR: 1.80, 95 % CI: 1.02–3.16). In terms of both disease and economic burdens attributable to heat, cardiovascular diseases contributed to the greatest proportion, followed by neoplasms, external causes, and respiratory diseases. Within specific diseases, cerebrovascular diseases contributed the greatest disease and economic burdens, followed by ischemic heart disease, lung (neoplasm), and COPD. Furthermore, the largest heat-related reduction in life expectancy reached 5.27 years for external causes and 12.96 years for accidental drowning.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study provides a heat-sensitive disease spectrum and resulting death risk and burden vary by different systems and specific diseases. Our findings may have implications for implementing heat-health action plans to mitigate the adverse effects of heat-sensitive diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 109529"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143940257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution is associated with impaired odor identification: Results from the population-based KORA FIT study in Augsburg, Germany","authors":"Nikolaos Nikolaou ,&nbsp;Kathrin Wolf ,&nbsp;Susanne Breitner ,&nbsp;Regina Pickford ,&nbsp;Tamara Schikowski ,&nbsp;Annette Peters ,&nbsp;Alexandra Schneider","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109528","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109528","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ambient air pollution has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases. Nevertheless, the literature on the effects of air pollution on the olfactory system and early cognitive impairment is scarce. In this study, we investigated the association between long-term air pollution exposure and odor identification, which can serve as an early indicator of various neurodegenerative conditions. We used data collected in Augsburg, Germany in 2018–2019 for the population-based KORA FIT study of 3,059 participants born between 1945–1964. The Sniffin’ Sticks 12-Item Test was used to assess each participant’s odor identification. Air pollution concentrations at residential addresses were estimated using land use regression modeling. We dichotomized the odor identification score to normosmia (score ≥ 10) versus hyposmia (score &lt; 7) or anosmia (score &lt; 10) and applied logistic regression. The models were adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic characteristics (education, income, socioeconomic status), lifestyle factors (physical activity, smoking, body mass index, alcohol consumption) and disease history (e.g., allergies). We observed increased odds of hyposmia or anosmia compared to normosmia per interquartile range increase in the concentrations of PNC, PM_2.5, PM_2.5abs, PM_coarse, PM₁₀, NO₂ and NO_x [OR (95 % CI): 1.12 (1.02, 1.24), 1.10 (0.98, 1.25), 1.14 (1.00, 1.30), 1.20 (1.06, 1.35), 1.20 (1.06, 1.36), 1.20 (1.06, 1.37) and 1.13 (1.01, 1.27); respectively]. For O₃, no clear effects were detected. Females and physically active people appeared to be more susceptible. No further significant indications of effect modification were found. The results were consistent across sensitivity analyses. This study provides robust evidence for an association between long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution and poor odor identification, even in a region with relatively low air pollution levels. These findings suggest a potential link between prolonged air pollution exposure and early changes in the olfactory system and could be indicative of early signs of detrimental effects on the brain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 109528"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143933053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ambient air pollution and childhood obesity from infancy to late childhood: An individual participant data meta-analysis of 10 European birth cohorts","authors":"Sarah Warkentin ,&nbsp;Serena Fossati ,&nbsp;Sandra Marquez ,&nbsp;Anne-Marie Nybo Andersen ,&nbsp;Sandra Andrusaityte ,&nbsp;Demetris Avraam ,&nbsp;Ferran Ballester ,&nbsp;Tim Cadman ,&nbsp;Maribel Casas ,&nbsp;Montserrat de Castro ,&nbsp;Leda Chatzi ,&nbsp;Ahmed Elhakeem ,&nbsp;Antonio d’Errico ,&nbsp;Mònica Guxens ,&nbsp;Regina Grazuleviciene ,&nbsp;Jennifer R. Harris ,&nbsp;Carmen Iñiguez Hernandez ,&nbsp;Barbara Heude ,&nbsp;Elena Isaevska ,&nbsp;Vincent W.V. Jaddoe ,&nbsp;Martine Vrijheid","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109527","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109527","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ambient air pollution may contribute to childhood obesity through various mechanisms. However, few longitudinal studies examined the relationship between pre- and postnatal exposure to air pollution and obesity outcomes in childhood. We aimed to investigate the association between pre- and postnatal exposure to air pollution and body mass index (BMI) and the risk of overweight/obesity throughout childhood in European cohorts. This study included mother–child pairs from 10 European birth cohorts (n = 37111 (prenatal), 33860 (postnatal)). Exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter &lt; 2.5 µm (PM_2.5) was estimated at the home addresses during pre- and postnatal periods (year prior outcome assessment). BMI z-scores (continuous) and overweight/obesity status (categorical: zBMI≥+2 (&lt;5 years) or ≥+1 (≥5 years) standard deviations) were derived at 0–2, 2–5, 5–9, 9–12 years. Associations between air pollution exposure and zBMI were estimated separately for each pollutant and cohort using linear and logistic longitudinal mixed effects models, followed by a random-effects meta-analysis. The overweight/obesity prevalence ranged from 12.3-40.5 % between cohorts at 0–2 years, 16.7–35.3 % at 2–5 years, 12.5–40.7 % at 5–9 years, and 10.7–43.8 % at 9–12 years. Results showed no robust associations between NO₂ exposure and zBMI or overweight/obesity risk. Exposure to PM_2.5 during pregnancy was associated with 23 % (95%CI 1.05;1.37) higher overweight/obesity risk across childhood, and higher zBMI and overweight/obesity risk at 9–12 years. Heterogeneity between cohorts was considerable (I²:25–89 %), with some cohort-specific associations; e.g., pre- and postnatal exposure to PM_2.5 was associated with lower zBMI across age periods in UK cohorts (ALSPAC and BiB), while postnatal exposure to PM_2.5 and NO₂ was associated with higher zBMI in one Dutch cohort (Generation R). Overall, this large-scale meta-analysis suggests that prenatal PM_2.5 exposure may be associated with adverse childhood obesity outcomes, but provides no evidence to support an effect of postnatal air pollution exposure, although cohort-specific associations were observed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 109527"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143933058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mediating role of thyroid hormone in the association between heatwave exposure and depression severity","authors":"Jingxiao Shang ,&nbsp;Jiayu Xu ,&nbsp;Tianqin Xie ,&nbsp;John S. Ji ,&nbsp;Xiaoming Tang ,&nbsp;Jing Wang ,&nbsp;Ting Wang ,&nbsp;Yuewei Liu ,&nbsp;Daomin Zhu ,&nbsp;Cunrui Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109523","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109523","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-temperature exposure has been reported to be associated with depression scores and the risk of hospital visits. However, how heatwaves affect depression severity and the underlying mechanisms remains unclear. Inpatients with depression from the Anhui Mental Health Center in China between January 2020 and December 2023 were included in this retrospective study. The patients were grouped into mild, moderate and severe depression categories according to discharge diagnoses. The effects of heatwaves in two weeks prior to admission on depression severity were assessed based on mixed-effect logistic regression model, and the roles of thyroid hormones were quantified by piecewise structural equation modeling. Stratified analyses were conducted by gender, age, BMI and the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 5,978 inpatients with depression were hospitalized 7,118 times during the study period. The depression severity escalated with the threshold and duration of heatwaves. The risk of more severe depression during heatwave exposure (≥95^th percentile, ≥3 days) was 12.4 % (95 % CI: 6.1 %, 19 %) higher compared to non-heatwave conditions. The proportions of mediating effects of thyroid hormones (T3, FT3, T4 and the FT4/FT3 ratio) were 7.7 % (95 % CI: 0.3 %, 20.1 %), 13.6 % (95 % CI: 1.5 %, 30.6 %), 12.8 % (95 % CI: 4.3 %, 25.7 %) and 23.3 % (95 % CI: 11.4 %, 54.1 %) in the influences of heatwaves on depression severity, respectively. Males, young and middle-aged patients, overweight patients, and those hospitalized during the COVID-19 pandemic, were all more sensitive to heatwaves. Our study showed that heatwaves significantly correlated with depression severity. Thyroid hormones may played potential mediating roles in this association.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 109523"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143933054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A paradigm shift: Low-cost sensors for effective air quality monitoring and management in developing countries","authors":"Muneeba Shabbir ,&nbsp;Talha Saeed ,&nbsp;Ahmad Saleem ,&nbsp;Parkash Bhave ,&nbsp;Mike Bergin ,&nbsp;Muhammad Fahim Khokhar","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109521","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109521","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study gives an overview of the air quality monitoring challenges faced by South Asian countries, with a specific focus on Pakistan, and explores the potential application of low-cost sensors (LCS) to address these issues. Currently, 89% of the 4.2 million premature global deaths attributable to ambient air pollution occur in low- and middle-income countries, underscoring the urgent need for improved monitoring and abatement measures. In Pakistan, these challenges result in significant public health and economic consequences due to institutional and financial constraints, limited data availability, and transboundary pollution. The situation is exacerbated by the absence of an effective air quality regulatory network. This study proposes a shift by establishing a hybrid monitoring network that integrates conventional regulatory instruments with LCS. The current PM_2.5 pollution scenario in major Pakistani cities is analyzed using data from 61 LCSs installed nationwide, with one TSI BlueSky sensor validated against a regulatory BAM (Beta Attenuation Monitor) in Chakwal. Results show that the unadjusted BlueSky values demonstrate a strong correlation (Pearson correlation 0.85) with the reference BAM instrument, with acceptable error margins (NRMSE and NMAE of 8% and 6%, respectively), indicating the sensor’s potential for reliable monitoring. Though adjusted values aligned better, the analysis focuses on unadjusted data for broader applicability. These findings suggest that combining LCSs with advanced data analytics can serve as a technically and economically viable solution for accurate air quality monitoring and effective management in Pakistan and other developing countries facing similar high PM_2.5 concentrations. This paradigm shift enhances monitoring capabilities and supports informed policy-making and public health initiatives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 109521"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143931157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Residential exposure to noise, green space, and children’s language acquisition","authors":"Xing Yu ,&nbsp;Ingrid Jarvis ,&nbsp;Matilda van den Bosch ,&nbsp;Martin Guhn ,&nbsp;Hind Sbihi ,&nbsp;Hugh Davies","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109524","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2025.109524","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Noise pollution has been linked to impaired development in a variety of language-related skills in laboratory settings. While studies have focused on school environments, residential noise exposure’s impact remains underexplored.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used multilevel regression models to examine the association between noise exposure measured using deterministic noise modelling and language development in kindergarten-aged children in Vancouver, Canada, between April 1, 2000 and December 31, 2005, measured through a questionnaire completed by kindergarten teachers (the Early Development Instrument). The models were adjusted for median income level and English as a Secondary Language (ESL) status, as well as random effects on teachers, and we explored the potential interaction effects of greenness, measured using satellite imagery.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study included 33,153 children for which there were data on noise exposure and indicators of language development. The mean noise level was 63.5 dB(A), and the mean percentage of greenness within a 250-meter radius buffer zone was 31.8 %. We found that an increase in residential exposure to noise independently increased the odds of not meeting developmental expectations in basic literacy (OR: 1.18, 95 % CI: 1.12–1.25), advanced literacy (OR: 1.11, 95 % CI: 1.07–1.16), and communication and general knowledge (OR: 1.10, 95 % CI: 1.06–1.14). Greenness was found to have interaction effects with basic and advanced literacy skills in noisy environment.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study found residential exposure to noise was associated with poorer language development outcomes, with interaction effects of greenness observed in literacy skills. Future studies should also examine the long-term effects of residential exposure to noise on language development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 109524"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143926687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}