Environment International最新文献

{"title":"Green space is associated with better directed attention and higher crystallized intelligence in middle childhood: Evidence from the ABCD study","authors":"Carina H. Fowler,&nbsp;Joan L. Luby,&nbsp;Theresa M. Bastain,&nbsp;Carrie V. Breton,&nbsp;Deanna M. Barch","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2026.110502","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2026.110502","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the United States, rising attention problems and falling academic achievement in childhood are a public health concern given the importance of childhood directed attention (e.g., effortful, top-down driven attention) and achievement in predicting long-term outcomes. Guided by Attention Restoration Theory (ART), several papers have tested the hypothesis that greater green space exposure may support improved directed attention and achievement in children, with mixed results. To help clarify the role of green space in supporting childhood directed attention and achievement, we tested this hypothesis in the large, diverse Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. American children (<em>N</em> = 11,868, <em>M</em>_age = 9.96 years; 52.16% assigned female) completed a performance-based assessment of their directed attention and crystallized intelligence (a proxy measure of achievement) and had their green space exposure assessed as the average of the proportion of tree canopy and the proportion of park cover in their census tracts. Linear mixed-effects models with random intercepts for site and family revealed that green space was positively associated with both directed attention (<em>β =</em> 0.76, <em>p &lt;</em> 0.001) and crystallized intelligence (<em>β =</em> 0.83, <em>p &lt;</em> 0.001), adjusting for area deprivation index (ADI), assigned sex, ADHD diagnosis, stimulant use, sleep problems, perceived safety, media use, prenatal tobacco exposure, air pollution (PM_2.5), and physical activity. Additionally, PM_2.5 mediated the association between green space and directed attention (indirect effect: <em>β =</em> 0.06, 95% CI = [0.02, 0.11]) and between green space and crystallized intelligence (<em>β</em> = 0.06, 95% CI = [0.01, 0.11]). These cross-sectional results indicate that green space is positively associated with childhood attention and crystallized intelligence and that these associations may be explained by improved air quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"215 ","pages":"Article 110502"},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148883920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fish consumption guidelines during pregnancy: are they effective in minimising mercury exposure in Spain?","authors":"Lourdes Herraiz-Recuenco,&nbsp;Ana I. Cañas-Portilla,&nbsp;Marta Esteban-López","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2026.110489","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2026.110489","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fish and seafood consumption provides essential nutrients for fetal and child development but is also the main source of human exposure to methylmercury, a neurotoxic substance of public health concern. To ensure safe consumption during pregnancy and early life, food safety authorities have issued recommendations; however, their integration into clinical guidelines and practice remains unclear.</div><div>This study assessed whether fish consumption advice during pregnancy in Spain adequately addresses mercury exposure by integrating evidence from biomonitoring studies, guideline analysis, and healthcare professionals’ practices. A scoping review identified studies measuring mercury biomarkers in pregnant women and children. In parallel, international, national, and regional guidelines in Spain were reviewed to evaluate the presence, accuracy, and clarity of recommendations. Additionally, a nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted among healthcare professionals involved in maternal and childcare.</div><div>The scoping review showed consistent evidence of mercury exposure in pregnant women and children, largely influenced by fish consumption patterns. Guideline analysis revealed substantial heterogeneity, frequent omissions of official recommendations, and the use of outdated or incomplete information. Survey results indicated limited awareness of official guidance among healthcare professionals and inconsistent communication of advice to pregnant women.</div><div>Overall, despite the availability of scientific evidence and official recommendations, fish consumption advice during pregnancy in Spain is inadequately integrated into clinical guidelines and healthcare practice. Strengthening dissemination and implementation of clear, updated, and evidence-based recommendations is essential to support healthcare professionals and ensure safe fish consumption during pregnancy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"215 ","pages":"Article 110489"},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148885839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sparse group lasso weighted quantile sum regression for analyzing chemical mixture effects: bidirectional effect estimation with two-stage group-level evaluation","authors":"Takayuki Kawashima,&nbsp;Kohki Takaguchi,&nbsp;Norimichi Suzuki,&nbsp;Akifumi Eguchi","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2026.110480","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2026.110480","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chemical mixture studies often require methods that account for predefined exposure groups, prioritize active components within correlated groups, and allow positive and negative associations in the same analysis. We developed Sparse Group Lasso Weighted Quantile Sum regression (SGL-WQS), an index-based method that combines WQS regression with sparse group lasso regularization. SGL-WQS estimates group- and direction-specific indices in training data and evaluates downstream associations in held-out data as exploratory conditional summaries. Evaluation included a large-scale simulation; 30-seed studies of correlation, component prioritization, sample size, dimensionality, outcome family, group-size imbalance, and signal heterogeneity; repeated split-stability analyses; benchmark comparisons; and a survey-aware urinary VOC demonstration. In the large-scale simulation, estimates were consistent with the expected positive PCB, mixed-direction metal, and null PFAS patterns. In matched Gaussian simulations, direction assignment improved with sample size and remained stable from p = 50 to 200 under baseline signals, although component attribution and validation-stage conditional informativeness declined with dimensionality. Within-scenario group-size imbalance did not produce a consistent loss of direction accuracy; weak and dense signals had a larger effect across methods. In exactly paired binary/Gaussian global-null analyses, conditional p &lt; 0.05 proportions did not exceed 0.05 (0.025–0.045). In the survey-aware VOC demonstration, SGL-WQS provided group- and direction-specific summaries across four metabolite groups using NHANES subsample weights in the downstream refit. SGL-WQS may therefore be useful for exploratory, group-aware bidirectional prioritization rather than estimation of a single overall mixture effect or formal selective inference.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"215 ","pages":"Article 110480"},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148838699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From gut leakage to memory loss: environmental 2,4-DTBP triggers neuroinflammation through the gut–brain axis in zebrafish","authors":"Huina Gao,&nbsp;Minghui Zhang,&nbsp;Xuefang Liang,&nbsp;Wang Liu,&nbsp;Zelin Li,&nbsp;Jiachen Liu,&nbsp;Qiaoqiao Hao,&nbsp;Xiangsheng Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2026.110490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2026.110490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite widespread environmental detection of 2,4-di-<em>tert</em>-butylphenol (2,4-DTBP), its neurotoxic impacts on cognitive behavior remain largely unexplored. In this study, adult zebrafish were exposed to 0.01, 0.1, and 1 μM 2,4-DTBP for 28 days. T-maze testing revealed dose-dependently longer path lengths to the food-baited target zone, indicative of impaired spatial memory. Evans blue extravasation demonstrated that 2,4-DTBP increased blood–brain barrier permeability and bioaccumulated in the zebrafish brain. Ultrastructural analysis confirmed impaired synaptic plasticity and neuron injury. Targeted metabolomics identified six significantly alterated neurotransmitter-related metabolites (threonine, glycine, arginine, aspartic acid, histidine, and tyramine) implicated in neuroinflammation. 2,4-DTBP disrupted intestinal barrier integrity (reduced ZO-1 and occludin) and elevated nitric oxide (NO) levels and expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines gene (<em>il1b</em> and <em>il6</em>). These gut-derived inflammatory mediators (NO, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) entered systemic circulation and subsequently translocated into the brain. Decreased brain NF-κB and iNOS expression indicated that neuroinflammation was driven by a gut-to-brain inflammatory cascade rather than de novo cerebral synthesis. Although <em>bdnf</em> and <em>mmp9</em> transcripts were up-regulated, the mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (mBDNF) levels were not proportionally increased, indicating impaired neurorepair. Our findings provide novel mechanistic insights into the potential contribution of environmental SPA contaminants to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"215 ","pages":"Article 110490"},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148872469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diquat exposure disrupts ferroportin–dependent iron homeostasis and drives ferroptosis–associated white matter injury","authors":"Pengyu Bai,&nbsp;Xueshan Cao,&nbsp;Songhang Wang,&nbsp;Qi Cao,&nbsp;Tianyuan Li,&nbsp;Shanshan Li,&nbsp;Yubo Liu,&nbsp;Bailin Wu,&nbsp;Bo Song","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2026.110496","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2026.110496","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diquat (DQ) is one of the most widely used bipyridyl herbicides and has been identified as a potential neurotoxin; however, its primary central nervous system (CNS) targets and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In cases of acute human DQ poisoning, subcortical white matter lesions have been reported to emerge approximately two weeks after exposure, with demyelination representing the predominant pathological finding. We used an acute oral DQ exposure rat model that mimics human DQ poisoning. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed prominent white matter abnormalities in the corpus callosum, while histological analyses confirmed demyelination, impaired myelin integrity, reduced myelin basic protein (MBP) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) expression, and marked mitochondrial ultrastructural damage. RNA sequencing indicated significant enrichment of ferroptosis-associated pathways. DQ induced sustained intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and reduced nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression. DQ exposure also reduced ferroportin (FPN) expression, accompanied by intracellular Fe²⁺ accumulation, enhanced lipid peroxidation, and ferroptotic cell death. <em>In vivo</em>, ferrostatin-1 pretreatment significantly attenuated DQ-induced demyelination. <em>In vitro</em>, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) partially restored Nrf2 expression and attenuated DQ-induced lipid peroxidation, whereas FPN overexpression reduced intracellular Fe²⁺ accumulation and lipid peroxidation. Collectively, these findings suggest that DQ disrupts redox balance and iron homeostasis in association with reduced Nrf2 signaling and FPN expression. Targeting FPN-mediated iron homeostasis warrants further investigation as a potential strategy for limiting DQ-induced neurotoxicity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"215 ","pages":"Article 110496"},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148883954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Global multi-media distribution and transport of 6PPD and 6PPD-Q: a source-to-sink continuum” [Environ. Int. 215 (2026) 110479]","authors":"Yao Li,&nbsp;Qing Zhang,&nbsp;Wu Wen,&nbsp;Zhuangzhuang Zhang,&nbsp;Wenhao Xu,&nbsp;Yuan Xin,&nbsp;Jie Zhang,&nbsp;Xinghui Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2026.110508","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2026.110508","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"215 ","pages":"Article 110508"},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148943833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polystyrene nanoplastics induce cardiotoxicity by driving myocardial metabolic reprogramming via the SDHA/Succinate/HIF-1α axis","authors":"Tianyi Zhang,&nbsp;Yiru Niu,&nbsp;Meng Chen,&nbsp;Yiling Ge,&nbsp;Lihong Yin,&nbsp;Yuepu Pu,&nbsp;Sheng Yang,&nbsp;Zaozao Chen,&nbsp;Geyu Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2026.110497","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2026.110497","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Micro- and nano-plastics (MNPs) have emerged as ubiquitous environmental contaminants and are increasingly implicated in adverse cardiovascular outcomes, yet their induced cardiotoxicity and potential mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study integrated <em>in vivo</em> mouse models, AC16 cardiomyocytes and a human cardiac organoid-on-a-chip (COoC) platform to multi-dimensionally evaluate polystyrene nanoparticles (PS-NPs)-induced cardiac injury and clarify its key molecular mechanisms. We found that PS-NPs exposure induced pronounced structural and functional cardiac injury in mice and caused impaired myocardial contraction, disrupted calcium transients and increased injury biomarkers <em>in vitro</em>. Notably, PS-NPs exposure perturbed myocardial energy metabolism, producing a metabolic reprogramming profile characterized by suppressed fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and enhanced glycolytic activity. Metabolic interventions further showed that activation of FAO or promotion of mitochondrial pyruvate oxidation improved myocardial energy status and alleviated cardiotoxicity, whereas direct inhibition of glycolysis aggravated energy depletion and cellular injury, suggesting that enhanced glycolysis provided partial energetic compensation but was insufficient to offset impaired oxidative metabolism. Mechanistically, our findings indicated a functional role of the SDHA/succinate/HIF-1α signaling axis in this metabolic reprogramming. PS-NPs-induced SDHA downregulation promoted succinate accumulation and HIF-1α stabilization, thereby rewiring myocardial energy metabolism and contributing to cardiac dysfunction. Collectively, we revealed myocardial metabolic reprogramming as an important mechanism underlying PS-NPs-induced cardiotoxicity and identified the SDHA/succinate/HIF-1α axis as a potential molecular link between PS-NPs exposure and cardiac injury.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"215 ","pages":"Article 110497"},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148895562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grounding pesticide use intensity and hazards with real-world data: Toward correcting global models in tropical agriculture","authors":"Soledad Castro-Vargas,&nbsp;Santiago Alvarez-Fernandez,&nbsp;Ryan E. Galt","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2026.110468","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2026.110468","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global pesticide use is increasing, especially in low- and lower-middle-income countries, posing threats to non-target organisms, ecosystems, and people. However, data on pesticide use globally and within nations are often low quality, lacking fine-grained data, including specific active ingredients used, which constrains the accurate calculation of hazards and risk assessments associated with pesticide use practices. The geographic differentiation of these shortcomings suggests that the agricultural patterns in the global South, especially in the tropics, are generally misrepresented. Here, we use Costa Rica, which relies heavily on pesticides and has a formulation industry, as a case study to develop a nuanced country-level analysis of pesticide use and associated hazards. We bring together various sources of data on trade, formulation, and use practices to estimate pesticide use and calculate its associated hazards by combining our estimations with a dataset on pesticide hazards. This way, for the first time, we assessed trends in pesticide use and hazards over time and their associations with different crops using publicly available national data. The yearly average use intensity in cropland was 21.91 ± 0.42 kg/ha and we found temporal and spatial trends in pesticide use, with higher levels in the country’s Caribbean region, dominated by export crops (large-scale banana and pineapple monocrops). Our results contrast with national estimates and international datasets, such as the FAOSTAT dataset, and with global model outputs, which show lower estimates. Moreover, our hazard analyses contradict the narrative of hazard improvement through modern a.i.’s. We argue for the importance of data availability, as it enables transparency into trends over time and accountability for the state’s efforts to reduce pesticide risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"215 ","pages":"Article 110468"},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148849584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental acetylcholinesterase blockade impairs conserved gut-metabolic resilience in a soil nematode sentinel","authors":"Juil Kim,&nbsp;Shirui Zhang,&nbsp;Seung Jun Park,&nbsp;Govindhan Thiruppathi,&nbsp;Dasom Kwon,&nbsp;Yuseok Moon","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2026.110485","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2026.110485","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Organophosphorus insecticides, such as chlorpyrifos (CPF), are pervasive environmental hazards that threaten ecosystem stability and are increasingly linked to human metabolic syndromes. This study investigates how pesticide exposure disrupts homeostatic adaptation in soil ecosystems and its translational relevance to mammalian physiology. Using the soil nematode <em>Caenorhabditis elegans</em> as a sentinel model, we demonstrate that CPF exposure triggers systemic metabolic compromise by disrupting a novel acetylcholinesterase (AChE)–autophagy axis. While dietary restriction (DR) normally activates protective autophagy to preserve mitochondrial and intestinal barrier integrity, the AChE blockade by CPF effectively abrogates these innate adaptive responses. Notably, transcriptomic profiling reveals that the metabolic collapse resulting from AChE inhibition in nematodes is highly correlated with human gastrointestinal and metabolic disease signatures. By identifying ACE-2 as a key gatekeeper for resilience, our study demonstrates that organophosphates do not merely cause toxicity but actively dismantle the organismal capacity to adapt to environmental and metabolic challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"215 ","pages":"Article 110485"},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148878657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aromatic amine antioxidants (AAs) and p-phenylenediamine quinones (PPD-Qs) exposure, thyroid hormones, and cognitive function in older adults: Association and potential mediation analyses","authors":"Yang Peng,&nbsp;Yafei Gao,&nbsp;Zhuoqi Zhu,&nbsp;Lu Cheng,&nbsp;Chengyu Chen,&nbsp;Hongzhi Zhao,&nbsp;Han Li","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2026.110494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2026.110494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aromatic amine antioxidants (AAs) and <em>p</em>-phenylenediamine quinones (PPD-Qs) are novel environmental contaminants derived from tire wear, with emerging neurotoxic concerns, but epidemiological evidence linking them to cognitive health is lacking. This study investigated associations between exposure to these chemicals<!--> <!-->and cognitive performance in older adults, and explored the potential mediating role of thyroid hormones. We measured urinary concentrations of nineteen AAs and six PPD-Qs in 439 older adults from Shenzhen, China, and assessed cognitive function using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Higher urinary levels of specific compounds, such as <em>N</em>-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-<em>N</em>′-phenyl-<em>p</em>-phenylenediamine-quinone (6PPD-Q), 4-(cyclohexylamino) diphenylamine-quinone (CPPD-Q), and 4-phenylaminodiphenylamine-quinone (DPPD-Q), were significantly associated with lower MMSE scores and increased risks of cognitive impairment. Mixture analyses further indicated that combined exposure to these chemicals was linked to poorer cognitive performance, with 6PPD-Q and CPPD-Q as the most significant contributors. Additionally, specific thyroid hormones were associated with both chemical exposures and cognitive outcomes. Exploratory mediation analysis suggested that thyrotropin (TSH) and total triiodothyronine (TT3) may mediate the association between DPPD-Q exposure and poorer performance in specific cognitive domains. These findings provide the first epidemiological evidence that AAs and PPD-Qs exposure may be associated with cognitive decline in the elderly, potentially via disruption of thyroid hormone homeostasis. These observations warrant confirmation in longitudinal studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"215 ","pages":"Article 110494"},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148872532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}