Paramita Historical Studies Journal最新文献

{"title":"Utilization of Digital History as A History Learning Media during Covid-19 Pandemic (Case Study on SMA Negeri 8 Yogyakarta)","authors":"Z. Zulkarnain","doi":"10.15294/paramita.v32i1.33248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v32i1.33248","url":null,"abstract":"The implementation of digital history media in history learning during the COVID-19 pandemic is currently very necessary. By utilizing the existing internet learning media, teaching and learning activities will still be able to be carried out even from their respective homes. This is not only to break the chain of spread of COVID-19 but also to prepare students of SMA Negeri 8 Yogyakarta to gace the upcoming discourse of society 5.0. This research was conducted using a qualitative method and a phenomenological approach. The results of this study indicate that in general SMA N 8 Yogyakarta and it is educational apparatus have implemented this digital history, starting from workshops for subject teacher to map learning strategies, implementation, controlling and evaluation well. Apart from the advantages, disadvantages and various obstacles faced, this digital history media has proven to be able to be an alternative for appropriate teaching and learning activities during the pandemic.Penerapan media sejarah digital dalam pembelajaran sejarah di masa pandemi COVID-19 saat ini sangat diperlukan. Dengan memanfaatkan media pembelajaran internet yang ada, kegiatan belajar mengajar akan tetap dapat dilaksanakan walaupun dari rumah masing-masing. Hal ini tidak hanya untuk memutus mata rantai penyebaran COVID-19 tetapi juga untuk mempersiapkan siswa SMA Negeri 8 Yogyakarta menghadapi wacana masyarakat 5.0 mendatang. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif dan pendekatan fenomenologis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara umum SMA N 8 Yogyakarta beserta aparatur pendidikannya telah menerapkan sejarah digital ini, mulai dari workshop untuk guru mata pelajaran hingga memetakan strategi pembelajaran, pelaksanaan, pengendalian dan evaluasi dengan baik. Terlepas dari kelebihan, kekurangan dan berbagai kendala yang dihadapi, media sejarah digital ini terbukti mampu menjadi alternatif kegiatan belajar mengajar yang tepat di masa pandemi.Cite this article: Zulkarnain. (2022). Utilization of Digital History as A History Learning Media during Covid-19 Pandemic (Case Study on SMA Negeri 8 Yogyakarta). Paramita: Historical Studies Journal, 32(1), 149-158. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v32i1.33248 ","PeriodicalId":30724,"journal":{"name":"Paramita Historical Studies Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49237605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Russo-Japanese War: Strategy, Superiority And Its Impact On The Resurrection Of Indonesian Nationalism","authors":"Hasto Kristiyanto, A. Octavian","doi":"10.15294/PARAMITA.V31I2.29782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/PARAMITA.V31I2.29782","url":null,"abstract":"The Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905) was an essential milestone in war history in the 20th century, especially in Asia. For the first time in a modern war, Japan, which was positioned as the representative of the colored nation (Asia), succeeded in defeating Russia, which was considered to represent the white nation (Europe) which was identical to the face of imperialism-colonialism. Departing from this reality, this study intends to specifically analyze the history of the Russo- Japanese war and its influence on the rise of Indonesian nationalism. Regarding methodology, this research uses a qualitative approach with critical discourse analysis, which critically-synchronously examines the discourse of the history of the Russo-Japanese War. The collecting data using references and Forum Group Discussion (FGD) by inviting five experts. The results of this study appointment: (1) the spirit of nationalism movement when it is loaded with cosmopolitanism, which is influenced by the global geopolitical constellation; (2) Japan’s victory in the Russo-Japanese War was used by national movement figures to raise nationalism against colonialism; and (3) The strategy and superiority of Japan provided the basis for inspiration on the importance of modernity and the insight of the Indonesian nationality to be equal with European nations. This study implies that in building Indonesian nationalism, Sukarno adopted the spirit of Japanese modernization as part of his strategic culture. On the other hand, Sukarno also gave a critical view of imperialism and the expansionist movement of the Japanese “Lebensraum” in Asia.Perang Rusia-Jepang (1904-1905) merupakan tonggak penting dalam sejarah perang di abad ke-20, terutama di Asia. Untuk pertama kalinya dalam perang modern, Jepang yang diposisikan sebagai wakil bangsa kulit berwarna (Asia), berhasil mengalahkan Rusia yang dianggap mewakili bangsa kulit putih (Eropa) yang identik dengan wajah imperialisme- kolonialisme. Berangkat dari kenyataan tersebut, penelitian ini bermaksud menganalisis secara khusus sejarah perang Rusia-Jepang dan pengaruhnya terhadap kebangkitan nasionalisme Indonesia. Dari segi metodologi, penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan analisis wacana kritis, yang mengkaji secara kritis wacana sejarah Perang Rusia-Jepang. Pengumpulan data menggunakan referensi dan Forum Group Discussion (FGD) dengan mengundang lima pakar. Hasil kajian ini mengangkat: (1) semangat gerakan nasionalisme yang sarat dengan kosmopolitanisme, yang dipengaruhi oleh konstelasi geopolitik global; (2) Kemenangan Jepang dalam Perang Rusia-Jepang dimanfaatkan oleh tokoh-tokoh pergerakan nasional untuk membangkitkan nasionalisme melawan kolonialisme; dan (3) Strategi dan keunggulan Jepang menjadi dasar inspirasi pentingnya modernitas dan wawasan kebangsaan Indonesia sejajar dengan bangsa Eropa. Kajian ini menyiratkan bahwa dalam membangun nasionalisme Indonesia, Sukarno mengadopsi semangat modernisasi Jepang sebagai ba","PeriodicalId":30724,"journal":{"name":"Paramita Historical Studies Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48105464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meme as a History Learning Media in The Post-Millennial Generation","authors":"Suswandari Suswandari, Nur Fajar Absor, Mohammad Badrus Soleh","doi":"10.15294/PARAMITA.V31I2.26854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/PARAMITA.V31I2.26854","url":null,"abstract":"Technology has evolved so rapidly, one of the contents which are currently popular on social media is the meme. Meme, which was initially for humor, continues to develop into a platform for critical media to distribute knowledge. Historical themes become interesting things to inform through a meme. Meme readers can find historical details through a meme, which makes history themes exciting, so the history teaching process can use memes as a learning medium. The aims of this study are (1) to explore the perceptions of the meme as history learning media; (2) to organize meme parameters that can be used as history learning media; (3) to choose meme content that can be used as history learning media. This study uses a qualitative analysis method with a case study approach as developed by Robert K. Yin. The data in this study were collected from in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation study. The data analysis methodology, meanwhile, uses the model of Creswell. This study took ten samples using the purposive sample from History Education students of FKIP-UHAMKA from semesters 3, 5, and 7. The results showed that memes have the power to be a stimulus for their readers to find out more information. Due to the nature of meme that tends to contain jokes, it makes them easy to read. Using memes as a learning tool allows teachers or lecturers to intersperse the historical learning process while still presenting historical facts in an event. Therefore, history learning can be successful and exciting.Teknologi mengalami perkembangan yang begitu cepat, salah satunya adalah media sosial dengan kontennya yang sedang populer adalah meme. Meme yang awalnya hanya berupa penyampaian humor, kini terus berkembang menjadi media penyampaian informasi hingga media kritik. Tema sejarah menjadi hal yang menarik diinformasikan melalui media sosial yang disebut meme. Para pembaca meme dapat mengetahui info kesejarahan, sehingga  dapat digarisbawahi bahwa meme dapat dijadikan sebagai media pembelajaran untuk membantu dalam proses pembelajaran sejarah. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) menelaah persepsi penggunaan meme sebagai media pembelajaran sejarah; (2)  menyusun kriteria meme yang bisa digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran sejarah; (3) untuk menyeleksi konten meme yang bisa digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran sejarah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus yang dikembangkan Robert K. Yin. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipan  dan studi dokumentasi. Sementara itu, teknik analisis data menggunakan model Creswell. Sampel penelitian ini adalah para mahasiswa pendidikan sejarah FKIP-UHAMKA menggunakan sampel bertujuan yang berjumlah 10 orang dari semester 3, 5, dan 7. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan kekuatan meme sebagai stimulus bagi para pembacanya untuk mengetahui suatu informasi dengan pembawaannya yang cenderung berisi humor atau lelucon, sehin","PeriodicalId":30724,"journal":{"name":"Paramita Historical Studies Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43544621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Narratives of Nationalism in Indonesia and Malaysia’s History Textbooks","authors":"A. Mulyana","doi":"10.15294/PARAMITA.V31I2.31428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/PARAMITA.V31I2.31428","url":null,"abstract":"History textbooks are historical writings that have a function in developing educational values, including nationalism. Indonesia has a historical background colonized by the West, so that history textbooks will create nationalism’s value. This study aims to see how nationalism is described in the history textbooks of the two countries through historical events. The method used in this research is content analysis, namely analyzing the textbook’s narrative based on the indicators of the theory of nationalism. The findings of this study are indicators of the idea of nationalism, which includes myths of past glory, ethnicity and diversity, and colonialism in the description of historical events. This study concludes that the indicators of nationalism in history textbooks in Indonesia and Malaysia narrate in an indoctrinating language by placing nationalism as an ideology.Buku teks sejarah adalah tulisan sejarah yang memiliki fungsi dalam mengembangkan nilai-nilai pendidikan, termasuk nasionalisme. Indonesia memiliki latar belakang sejarah yang dijajah oleh Barat, sehingga buku teks sejarah akan melahirkan nilai nasionalisme. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana nasionalisme digambarkan dalam buku teks sejarah kedua negara melalui peristiwa sejarah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis isi, yaitu menganalisis narasi buku teks berdasarkan indikator teori nasionalisme. Temuan penelitian ini adalah indikator gagasan nasionalisme, yang meliputi mitos kejayaan masa lalu, etnisitas dan keragaman, dan kolonialisme dalam deskripsi peristiwa sejarah. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa indikator nasionalisme dalam buku teks sejarah di Indonesia dan Malaysia dinarasikan dalam bahasa yang indoktrinasi dengan menempatkan nasionalisme sebagai ideologi.","PeriodicalId":30724,"journal":{"name":"Paramita Historical Studies Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45770323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Representation of the Indonesian Revolution in the Novel Di Tepi Kali Bekasi by Pramoedya Ananta Toer","authors":"R. Gunawan, D. Bandarsyah, W. I. Fauzi, H. Rachmah","doi":"10.15294/PARAMITA.V31I2.28748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/PARAMITA.V31I2.28748","url":null,"abstract":"Writing a historical novel is one of an author’s attempts to engage readers emotionally. A history written in the form of a story can prove to be more interesting since it consists of beautifully arranged words that can vividly draw the past. Even though both novels and textbooks issue certain life of communities, historical novels may encourage their readers to see a phenomenon found in history from different perspectives than those of historians’. For example, a romance novel entitled “Bekasi River” was written based on Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s experience of being isolated during the war against the British army. The problem discussed in this article is about the representation of Indonesia’s history during the war of independence in the novel “Di Tepi Kali Bekasi?”. This study used a qualitative content analysis method to understand and present ideas and examine historical elements within the novel. This study used content analysis to describe the details and characteristics of historical narratives. The historical narratives were then compared with historians’ study of the revolution in Bekasi. This comparison will show the relationship between the facts and the fiction found in the novel. There are five patterns of the relationship between those facts and fiction: first, the fictionalization of the characters is an imitation of the reality observed by the author. Second, the historians’ description clarifies the novel’s depiction of historical facts. Third, the historians’ narration is depicted in much more detail in the novel; Fourth, the description of facts in the novel consists of historical facts that historians also revealed; Fifth, the novel brings emotional elements to life, which are difficult to be found in historians’ work.Menulis novel sejarah adalah salah satu upaya penulis untuk melibatkan pembaca secara emosional. Sebuah sejarah yang ditulis dalam bentuk cerita bisa menjadi lebih menarik karena terdiri dari kata-kata yang disusun dengan indah yang dapat menggambarkan masa lalu dengan jelas. Meskipun baik novel maupun buku teks mengangkat kehidupan masyarakat tertentu, novel sejarah dapat mendorong pembacanya untuk melihat fenomena yang ditemukan dalam sejarah dari perspektif yang berbeda dari sejarawan. Sebagai contoh, sebuah novel roman berjudul “Sungai Bekasi” ditulis berdasarkan pengalaman Pramoedya Ananta Toer yang diisolasi selama perang melawan tentara Inggris. Masalah yang dibahas dalam artikel ini adalah tentang representasi sejarah Indonesia pada masa perang kemerdekaan dalam novel “Di Tepi Kali Bekasi?”. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis isi kualitatif untuk memahami dan menyajikan gagasan serta mengkaji unsur-unsur sejarah dalam novel. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis isi untuk mendeskripsikan detail dan karakteristik narasi sejarah. Narasi sejarah tersebut kemudian dibandingkan dengan studi sejarawan tentang revolusi di Bekasi. Perbandingan ini akan menunjukkan hubungan antara fakta dan fiksi yang ditemu","PeriodicalId":30724,"journal":{"name":"Paramita Historical Studies Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47525570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cleric Depoliticization of the NU Pesantren in Former Karesidenan Surakarta at the New Order Era (1971-1997)","authors":"Muhammad Bagus Sekar Alam, W. Warto, Insiwi Febriary Setiasih","doi":"10.15294/PARAMITA.V31I2.27051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/PARAMITA.V31I2.27051","url":null,"abstract":"The study aims to explain the dynamics of the political life of NU pesantren ulama (clerics) in the Former Karesidenan Surakarta during the New Order era (1971-1997). The New Order regime attempted to maintain power and created political stability tends to use a repressive approach. One of the social groups that gained political pressure from the New Order regime was the NU pesantren ulama. The New Order Government assessed them as an interested social group seeking to uphold Islamic law and anti-government policy. NU pesantren ulama had experienced political pressure in the various situation in the Former Karesidenan Surakarta. It started from the regulations (Permen No. 12 the Year 1969 and PP No.6 the Year 1970) to the act of political intimidation ahead of the New Order election. From 1971 to the 1997 election, the New Order Regime tried to marginalize the NU Pesantren Ulama’s political role at the grassroots level. The New Order’s repressive policies made NU pesantren ulama in former Karesidenan Surakarta did some acts of experimentation to save the NU Organization and their NU pesantren survival. One of their activities is through the Khittah NU 1984, which provided personal freedom for NU pesantren ulama to choose their political affiliation. The conclusion of this paper shows that the New Order Government is an anti-political party regime that is ruling with an authoritarian approach.Tulisan ini menjelaskan dinamika kehidupan politik ulama pesantren NU di wilayah eks-Keresidenan Surakarta pada masa rezim Orde Baru tahun 1971-1997. Rezim Orde Baru dalam upaya mempertahankan kekuasaan dan menciptakan stabilitas politik cenderung menggunakan pendekatan represif. Salah satu kelompok masyarakat yang mendapatkan tekanan politik dari rezim Orde Baru adalah ulama pesantren NU. Mereka dinilai Pemerintah Orde Baru sebagai kelompok sosial yang berusaha menegakkan hukum Islam dan anti kebijakan pemerintah. Tekanan politik dalam berbagai situasi telah dialami ulama pesantren NU di wilayah eks-Keresidenan Surakarta. Mulai dari regulasi (Permen No. 12 Tahun 1969 dan PP No.6 Tahun 1970) hingga tindakan intimidasi politik menjelang pemilu-pemilu Orde Baru. Dari Pemilu 1971 sampai Pemilu 1997, rezim Orde Baru berusaha memarjinalkan peran politik ulama pesantren NU di akar rumput. Kebijakan represif Orde Baru ini membuat ulama pesantren NU di wilayah eks-Keresidenan Surakarta sering kali bereksperimentasi politik guna menyelamatkan organisasi NU dan kelangsungan hidup pesantrennya. Salah satunya melalui Khittah NU tahun 1984 yang memberikan kebebasan personal ulama pesantren NU dalam menentukan afiliasi politiknya. Kesimpulan tulisan ini menunjukkan usaha depolitisasi terhadap ulama pesantren NU memperkuat fakta bahwa Pemerintah Orde Baru merupakan rezim anti partai politik yang berkuasa dengan pendekatan otoriter.","PeriodicalId":30724,"journal":{"name":"Paramita Historical Studies Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42626352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flood Disaster in Semarang City from Colonial to Reformasi: A Review of its Management","authors":"E. Kurniawan, E. Suharini","doi":"10.15294/PARAMITA.V31I2.22879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/PARAMITA.V31I2.22879","url":null,"abstract":"This article reveals Semarang City’s history, an extremely vulnerable area to floods and examines what the government has done to overcome this greatly chronic problem. Its default condition as a lowland city in direct contact with hilly areas and sea makes the potential for floods exhaustive. Thus, it is prone to pluvial, local, and coastal floods. Various policies carried out from the colonial era to the Semarang City government have so far not been able to control floods as expected. Countermeasures using non-structural methods through spatial planning and environmental law enforcement have yielded no specific results. Countermeasures with structural methods such as river normalization or the construction of flood control infrastructure become no more than a dull blade. For years, spatial planning policies have been implemented and many infrastructures have been built, but the threat of flooding is increasing and expanding. It is necessary to change the development paradigm adopted by the government so that it no longer boosts infrastructure and investment, then re-applies the memayu hayuning bawana philosophy.Artikel ini mengungkap sejarah Kota Semarang yang sangat rentan terhadap banjir dan mengkaji apa yang telah dilakukan pemerintah untuk mengatasi masalah yang sangat kronis ini. Kondisi bawaannya sebagai kota dataran rendah yang bersentuhan langsung dengan daerah perbukitan dan laut membuat potensi banjir sangat besar. Sehingga rawan terhadap banjir pluvial, lokal, dan pesisir. Berbagai kebijakan yang dilakukan sejak zaman penjajahan hingga pemerintah Kota Semarang selama ini belum mampu mengendalikan banjir seperti yang diharapkan. Penanggulangan dengan metode non-struktural melalui penataan ruang dan penegakan hukum lingkungan belum membuahkan hasil yang spesifik. Penanggulangan dengan metode struktural seperti normalisasi sungai atau pembangunan infrastruktur pengendalian banjir tidak lebih dari pisau tumpul. Selama bertahun-tahun, kebijakan penataan ruang telah diterapkan dan banyak infrastruktur telah dibangun, tetapi ancaman banjir semakin meningkat dan meluas. Perlu mengubah paradigma pembangunan yang dianut pemerintah agar tidak lagi menggenjot infrastruktur dan investasi, kemudian kembali menerapkan filosofi memayu hayuning bawana.","PeriodicalId":30724,"journal":{"name":"Paramita Historical Studies Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47864522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Europeesche Lagere School and the Birth of Bumiputera Intellectual Elite in Bojonegoro, East Java","authors":"Evita Pratiwi, Sarkawi B Husain","doi":"10.15294/PARAMITA.V31I2.30512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/PARAMITA.V31I2.30512","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the implementation of schools for European children to the birth of the Bumiputera elite in Bojonegoro in 1892-1942. The ethical politics that were introduced in the early 20th century had a significant influence on the development of colonial education in Bojonegoro. In addition, the awareness of the colonial education presence for European children during the Dutch colonial rule also influenced the presence of European elementary schools in this city. It was purposed to facilitate the majority of European children whose parents were colonial employees, plantation owners, or the gas industry. This article is the result of research using historical methods, namely, source collection, source verification or criticism, analysis, and writing or historiography. The first European Elementary School (Europeesche Lagere School) opened in Bojonegoro in 1892 which was located in the Bojonegoro District. This school applied the same rules as schools in the Netherlands. Initially the school only accepted students of European nationality, but in later development it also accepted Bumiputera children with strict conditions. The school, which was intended to produce European educated people, then also gave birth to a new intellectual elite called as Bumiputera, who later became the driving force for movement and press organizations.Artikel ini membahas tentang penyelenggaraan sekolah untuk anak-anak Eropa hingga lahirnya elit bumiputera yang ada di Bojonegoro pada tahun 1892-1942. Politik etis yang digulirkan pada awal abad ke-20 memberi pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap berkembangnya pendidikan kolonial di Bojonegoro. Selain itu, kesadaran untuk hadirnya pendidikan kolonial untuk anak-anak Eropa pada masa pemerintahan kolonial Belanda turut berpengaruh pada hadirnya sekolah dasar Eropa di kota ini. Hal ini untuk memfasilitasi banyakanya anak-anak Eropa yang orang tuanya menjadi pegawai kolonial, pemilik perkebunan, atau industri gas. Artikel ini merupakan hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan metode sejarah yaitu, pengumpulan sumber, verifikasi atau kritik sumber, analisis,  dan penulisan atau historiografi. Sekolah Dasar Eropa (Europeesche Lagere School)  pertama yang dibuka di Bojonegoro yakni pada tahun 1892 yang berlokasi di Distrik Bojonegoro. Sekolah ini menerapkan peraturan yang sama dengan sekolah yang ada di Belanda. Awalnya sekolah hanya menerima murid-murid berkebangsaan Eropa, namun dalam perkembangan kemudian juga menerima anak-anak bumiputera dengan persyaratan yang ketat. Sekolah yang diperuntukkan untuk mencetak kaum terdidik Eropa, kemudian   juga melahirkan elit intelektual baru bumiputera yang kemudian menjadi penggerak organisasi pergerakan dan pers. ","PeriodicalId":30724,"journal":{"name":"Paramita Historical Studies Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49022332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revolutionary Theses, Social Reality, and the Tragedy of the Chinese Revolution","authors":"M. M. Noor","doi":"10.15294/PARAMITA.V31I2.31554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/PARAMITA.V31I2.31554","url":null,"abstract":"The Chinese revolutions were the standard-bearers of the world revolution that influenced many independence fighters in colonialized countries. Feudalism, militarism and imperialism were the main ‘enemies’ to the masses that trapped them in the various social inequities of poverty, exploitation and subjugation. Self-worth and national pride were the drivers of the Chinese Revolution as they embedded Chinese nationalism within Marx-Lenin's revolutionary strategy. However, the formation, organization and revolutionary struggle of the Chinese Communist Party was defined and controlled by the Communist International (Comintern) and Stalin that placed them in a straitjacket beyond the border of the Chinese society. A two-stage revolutionary strategy was to be applied in China where the infant CCP must work with Kuomintang (KMT) to gain national liberation of China from imperialism, militarism and feudalism under the leadership of Dr Sun Yat-sen to Chiang Kai-shek. However, defining the changing society in China from afar blinded Stalin interpretation of Marx-Lenin theses as a revolution from below was trigged by the peasant uprisings and KMT’s voices are national revolution but in practice is reactionary. KMT’s voices of revolutionary vigour are to obtain Russian aid and military support but in realpolitik, it massacres the peasants and the labourers who rebel and jeopardies their militarist-capitalist-imperialist agenda. Students of contemporary societal and political change could learn from the Tragedy of the Chinese Revolution, where the body of knowledge applied was socially blinded to the changing social reality of the locality.Revolusi Cina adalah pembawa standar revolusi dunia yang mempengaruhi banyak pejuang kemerdekaan di negara-negara terjajah.  Feodalisme, militerisme, dan imperialisme adalah 'musuh' utama massa yang menjebak mereka dalam berbagai ketidakadilan sosial berupa kemiskinan, eksploitasi dan penaklukan. Hal ini mendorong terjadinya revolusi. Harga diri dan kebanggaan nasional adalah pendorong Revolusi Cina karena mereka menanamkan nasionalisme Cina dalam strategi revolusioner Marx-Lenin. Namun, pembentukan, organisasi dan perjuangan revolusioner Partai Komunis Tiongkok ditentukan dan dikendalikan oleh Komunis Internasional (Komintern) dan Stalin yang menempatkan mereka dalam jaket pengekang di luar batas masyarakat Tiongkok. Strategi revolusioner dua tahap akan diterapkan di Tiongkok di mana PKC yang masih bayi harus bekerja dengan Kuomintang (KMT) untuk mendapatkan pembebasan nasional Tiongkok dari imperialisme, militerisme, dan feodalisme di bawah kepemimpinan Dr Sun Yat-sen ke Chiang Kai-shek. Namun, mendefinisikan masyarakat yang berubah di Cina dari interpretasi Stalin yang membutakan atas tesis Marx-Lenin sebagai revolusi dari bawah dipicu oleh pemberontakan petani dan suara KMT adalah revolusi nasional tetapi dalam praktiknya adalah reaksioner. Suara kekuatan revolusioner KMT adalah untuk mendapatkan bantuan dan dukungan m","PeriodicalId":30724,"journal":{"name":"Paramita Historical Studies Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47296274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local Wisdom-Based Character Values on Kawali’s Inscription In History Learning","authors":"Sri Pajriah, A’an Suryana","doi":"10.15294/PARAMITA.V31I2.25752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/PARAMITA.V31I2.25752","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to describe the character values of Kawali’s Inscription and the implementation of local wisdom-based character values on Kawali’s Inscription in history learning. This research method is descriptive qualitative with a case study strategy. Data collection was carried out by observation on history learning activities in the classroom and Kawali’s inscription; informant interviews were conducted by teachers, students and officers of the Astana Gede Kawali Site; and the analysis of documents, syllabus and lesson plans. Purposive sampling and time sampling were used in this study. To find data validity, data triangulation was used. Data analysis used interactive analysis consists of collecting, reducing, presenting data and drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicate the character values in Kawali’s Inscription consist of having the character values of just, hard-working, peace-loving, democratic, respectful, honest, independent, religious, tolerant, caring socially, caring for the environment. The syllabus and lesson plans reflect the implementation of character values based on local wisdom on Kawali’s inscription in learning history. The teacher designs and implements history learning by integrating historical subject matter with the surrounding environment to explore the potential of character values in Kawali’s Inscription to form better, adaptive and positive student characters to meet life’s needs and face challenges in solving everyday problems.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan nilai-nilai karakter Prasasti Kawali dan implementasi nilai karakter berbasis kearifan lokal pada Prasasti Kawali dalam pembelajaran sejarah. Metode penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan strategi studi kasus. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi terhadap kegiatan pembelajaran sejarah di kelas dan prasasti Kawali; wawancara informan dilakukan oleh guru, siswa dan petugas Situs Astana Gede Kawali; dan analisis dokumen, silabus dan RPP. Purposive sampling dan time sampling digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Untuk mengetahui validitas data digunakan triangulasi data. Analisis data yang digunakan analisis interaktif terdiri dari pengumpulan, reduksi, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan nilai-nilai karakter dalam Prasasti Kawali terdiri dari memiliki nilai karakter adil, pekerja keras, cinta damai, demokratis, hormat, jujur, mandiri, religius, toleran, peduli sosial, peduli lingkungan. Silabus dan RPP mencerminkan penerapan nilai-nilai karakter berbasis kearifan lokal pada prasasti Kawali dalam pembelajaran sejarah. Guru merancang dan melaksanakan pembelajaran sejarah dengan mengintegrasikan materi pelajaran sejarah dengan lingkungan sekitar untuk menggali potensi nilai-nilai karakter dalam Prasasti Kawali untuk membentuk karakter siswa yang lebih baik, adaptif dan positif untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup dan menghadapi tantangan dalam memecahkan masalah sehari-hari.","PeriodicalId":30724,"journal":{"name":"Paramita Historical Studies Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45528288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}