{"title":"Bhairawa Puja Ritual Practice in Pujungan Bali","authors":"Nasution Nasution","doi":"10.15294/paramita.v32i1.22580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v32i1.22580","url":null,"abstract":"This research examines the Puja Bhairawa teachings development in Hindu Bhairawa in Pujungan Bali, especially the stages of ritual transformation and traces of the remaining practices of them which are still carried out as the Indonesian society traditions. The Research Methods include interview, observation, and documentation. The research results are the remaining teachings of the Pancamakara Puja practice that still exist such as Bhairawa puja ritual in Pujungan Bali. Hindu Bhairawa in Pujungan was brought to life by a man named I Nengah Gatot Kaca. The Bhairawa puja ritual is used as a short cut problem weapon to solve world problems. The Bhairawa puja ritual at Pujungan is placed in a quiet Pujungan coffee garden area away from the crowds. The ceremony leader of the ritual is I Nengah Gatot Kaca/Gede Gatot Bhinawa Rata who has the title of Diksa Bheru Baba. In the coffee garden area, two black stones (linggams) were placed as the embodiment of Bhairava and Bhairavi. The Bhairawa puja ritual procession began with prepare ritual facilities for male goat blood, alcohol, flowers, fruits and other ingredients. After all the ritual facilities were ready and the ritual participants were present, the ritual procession begins by summoning the spirits of Bhairawa and Bhairawi which was done by making offerings such as the blood of a sacrificial animal which is sprinkled on two lingams as the embodiment of Bhairava and Bhairavi while accompanied by chanting of mantras by the priest, followed by other offerings such as alcoholic beverages, fragrances, and flowers on the Linggam. At that time, some participants will feel the presence of Bhairava and all ritual participants can do whatever prayer or invocation they want.Penelitian ini mengkaji perkembangan ajaran Puja Bhairawa dalam Hindu Bhairawa di Pujungan Bali, khususnya tahapan transformasi ritual dan jejak sisa praktiknya yang masih dilakukan sebagai tradisi masyarakat Indonesia. Metode Penelitian meliputi wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian adalah sisa ajaran dari praktik Puja Pancamakara yang masih ada seperti ritual puja Bhairawa di Pujungan Bali. Bhairawa Hindu di Pujungan dihidupkan kembali oleh seorang pria bernama I Nengah Gatot Kaca. Ritual puja bhairawa digunakan sebagai senjata jalan pintas untuk memecahkan masalah dunia. Ritual puja Bhairawa di Pujungan ditempatkan di area kebun kopi Pujungan yang tenang jauh dari keramaian. Pemimpin upacara ritual tersebut adalah I Nengah Gatot Kaca/Gede Gatot Bhinawa Rata yang bergelar Diksa Bheru Baba. Di areal kebun kopi ditempatkan dua buah batu hitam (linggam) sebagai perwujudan Bhairava dan Bhairavi. Prosesi ritual puja bhairawa dimulai dengan menyiapkan sarana ritual untuk darah kambing jantan, alkohol, bunga, buah-buahan dan bahan lainnya. Setelah semua sarana ritual siap dan peserta ritual sudah hadir, prosesi ritual dimulai dengan pemanggilan arwah Bhairawa dan Bhairawi yang dilakukan dengan cara memberikan sesaji berupa dar","PeriodicalId":30724,"journal":{"name":"Paramita Historical Studies Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67039071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chatib Sulaiman: Patriotic Fighter from Nagari Sumpur, West Sumatra","authors":"Siti Fatimah, Uun Lionar","doi":"10.15294/paramita.v32i1.31579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v32i1.31579","url":null,"abstract":"This paper belongs to historical research or biographical research of a figure. In contrast to biographical research that has been done by other historians and researchers which generally emphasized on the history and role of a figure, this paper looks at the existence of a figure, named Chatib Sulaiman, from the geospatial setting of his birthplace, Sumpur, located on the lakeside of Lake Singkarak, West Sumatra. Chatib Sulaiman is quite different from other local figures in Minangkabau. This study aims at analyzing the process of character building of Chatib Sulaiman that is influenced by the spatial conditions of his birthplace in relation to the dynamics of his life and struggles. The results indicate that the existence of Chatib Sulaiman cannot be separated from the geospatial of Nagari Sumpur, his birthplace, which then has a very significant influence on the building of his character as a fighter. The existence of Nagari Sumpur with an egalitarian and democratic style has built the character of Chatib Sulaiman as an independent and open-minded person. Through the western education he has received, Chatib Sulaiman became a smart and skilled young man. He was at the forefront of opposing the practice of colonialism in West Sumatra. In his struggle, Chatib Sulaiman once led the Regional People's Defense Council, served as the secretary of the National Defense Front, and was the most prominent young man in West Sumatra when the physical revolution took place, especially during the PDRI (Emergency Government of the Republic of Indonesia) period.Tulisan ini termasuk penelitian sejarah atau penelitian biografis seorang tokoh. Berbeda dengan penelitian biografi yang telah dilakukan oleh para sejarawan dan peneliti lain yang pada umumnya menekankan pada sejarah dan peran seorang tokoh, tulisan ini melihat keberadaan seorang tokoh bernama Chatib Sulaiman, dari setting geospasial tempat kelahirannya, Sumpur, terletak di tepi danau Danau Singkarak, Sumatera Barat. Chatib Sulaiman cukup berbeda dengan tokoh-tokoh lokal lainnya di Minangkabau. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis proses pembentukan karakter Chatib Sulaiman yang dipengaruhi oleh kondisi spasial tempat kelahirannya dalam kaitannya dengan dinamika kehidupan dan perjuangannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan Chatib Sulaiman tidak lepas dari geospasial Nagari Sumpur, tempat kelahirannya, yang kemudian berpengaruh sangat signifikan terhadap pembentukan karakternya sebagai seorang pejuang. Keberadaan Nagari Sumpur dengan gaya egaliter dan demokratis telah membangun karakter Chatib Sulaiman sebagai pribadi yang mandiri dan berpikiran terbuka. Melalui pendidikan barat yang diterimanya, Chatib Sulaiman menjadi pemuda yang cerdas dan terampil. Ia berada di garda terdepan menentang praktik kolonialisme di Sumatera Barat. Dalam perjuangannya, Chatib Sulaiman pernah memimpin Dewan Pertahanan Rakyat Daerah, menjabat sebagai sekretaris Front Pertahanan Negara, dan merupakan pemuda ","PeriodicalId":30724,"journal":{"name":"Paramita Historical Studies Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49573887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Balingkang Kintamani Festival, Chinese Tourists, and the Collective Memory of the Balinese","authors":"I. Wijaya","doi":"10.15294/paramita.v32i1.31857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v32i1.31857","url":null,"abstract":"Balingkang Kintamani Festival is a cultural parade held in Bali during 2019 Chinese New Year holiday. The main purpose of this festival was to increase the number of tourist visits from China, which had sharply declined due to the lawsuit against super cheap package tour to Bali, followed by the closure of illegal and semi-legal shops owned by citizens of China in Bali in 2018. Balingkangis a temple of worship in Bangli Regency, estimated to be as old as the kingdom of King Jayapangus (1177-1182 AD), who is said to have had a princess of China as his wife. This narrative, however, is not supported by adequate historical evidence. King Jayapangus had never established cultural, political, and trade relations with China,and thus he cannot have had a wife of a Chinese princess. Consequently, the narrative of the past in the festival seems to have been falselynarrated. This article wishes to demonstrate how the interests of the present has dictated the narrative of the past, and how this has affected the collective memory of the Balinese people regarding the Chinese community in Bali.Balingkang Kintamani Festival adalah sebuah parade budaya yang diselenggarakan di Bali pada liburan Imlek 2019. Tujuan utama Festival ini untuk membidik kunjungan wisatawan asal Tiongkok, yang sempat menurun tajam sejak munculnya gugatan terhadap kasus paket wisata super murah di Tiongkok untuk tujuan Bali, disusul penutupan toko-toko ilegal dan semi legal milik warga Tiongkok di Bali pada 2018. Balingkang adalah sebuah kuil pemujaan di Kabupaten Bangli, diperkirakan sezaman dengan masa pemerintahan Raja Jayapangus (1177-1182), yang dikisahkan memiliki istri seorang putri Tiongkok. Akan tetapi narasi ini tidak didukung bukti-bukti sejarah yang memadai. Raja Jayapangus tidak pernah menjalin hubungan dagang, politik, dan budaya dengan Tiongkok,dan karena itu tidak mungkin beristrikan puteri Tiongkok. Jadi, narasi masa lalu dalam festival itu tampak sangat dipaksakan. Artikel ini ingin menunjukkan bagaimana kepentingan masa kini mendikte narasi masa lalu, serta bagaimana implikasinya atas memori kolektif masyarakat Bali terhadap komunitas Tionghoa di Bali. Cite this article: Wijaya, I N. (2022). Balingkang Kintamani Festival, Chinese Tourists, and the Collective Memory of the Balinese. Paramita: Historical Studies Journal, 32(1), 67-77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v32i1.31857 ","PeriodicalId":30724,"journal":{"name":"Paramita Historical Studies Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43365291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Urban Sanitation Problems and the Efforts to Overcome it in Medan City, 1909-1930s","authors":"Kiki Maulana Affandi, Budi Agustono, Fikarwin Zuska","doi":"10.15294/paramita.v32i1.31353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v32i1.31353","url":null,"abstract":"The growth of the city of Medan since the end of the 19th century had not only shown changes in terms of city infrastructure but also caused problems of urban sanitation such as slum settlements, industrial and household waste as well as river pollution. This study aims to explain sanitation problems in Medan City and the efforts to overcome them. This study used historical methods consisting of heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The sources used are archives, documents, city reports, city sheets, meeting minutes, contemporary newspapers, and other sources relevant to this study. The results show that the city's sanitation problems are caused by the habits of residents, plantation companies and institutions in the city government itself. These various sanitation problems were solved by developing urban sanitation despite having a limited city budget. This city sanitation development effort was focused on the aspects of public bathroom projects for the natives and the construction of a sewer system.Pertumbuhan Kota Medan sejak akhir abad 19 memperlihatkan perubahan dari sisi prasarana kota namun juga memberikan permasalahan sanitasi kota seperti permukiman kumuh, limbah industri dan rumah tangga serta pencemaran sungai. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan permasalahan sanitasi di Kota Medan dan upaya penanggulangan yang dilakukan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah yang terdiri dari heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Sumber-sumber yang digunakan adalah arsip, dokumen, laporan kota, lembaran kota, notulen rapat, surat kabar sezaman, dan sumber lain yang relevan dengan studi ini. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa masalah sanitasi kota disebabkan oleh kebiasaan penduduk, perusahaan perkebunan dan institusi pada pemerintah kota itu sendiri. Berbagai permasalahan sanitasi tersebut diatasi dengan membangun sanitasi kota meskipun memiliki anggaran kota yang terbatas. Usaha pembangunan sanitasi kota ini memperlihatkan konsentrasi dan kepedulian dalam bidang proyek kamar mandi umum bagi penduduk bumiputra dan pembangunan sistem saluran pembuangan limbah kota.Cite this article: Affandi, K.M., Agustono, B., Zuska, F. (2022). Urban Sanitation Problems and the Efforts to Overcome It in Medan City, 1909–1930s. Paramita: Historical Studies Journal, 32(1), 45-56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v32i1.31353 ","PeriodicalId":30724,"journal":{"name":"Paramita Historical Studies Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41590578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Teachers’ Ability in Applying Historical Literacy in History Learning in Senior High School","authors":"K. Kurniawati, M. Winarsih, A. Rahman","doi":"10.15294/paramita.v32i1.28405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v32i1.28405","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of teachers to apply historical literacy to history learning in high school and the obstacles faced by teachers in the application of historical literacy. This research is a qualitative research with problem analysis using a case study type of multi-case analysis carried out during Distance Learning (PJJ) during the COVID-19 pandemic at Labschool Jakarta High School and Public High School 30 Jakarta in 2020. Data collection was conducted using in-depth interviews, document studies, and field notes. Analysis and interpretation of the data show that (1) history learning during the distance learning period at SMA Labschool Jakarta and SMA Negeri 30 Jakarta is still running conducive, but this condition also affects teacher and student interactions to be more limited in learning; (2) The teacher has been able to apply historical literacy in history learning in accordance with a summary of the main aspects of the concept of historical literacy; (3) The obstacles faced by teachers in applying historical literacy are mainly to teachers' conceptual understanding of historical literacy which is still at the stage of traditional understanding of reading and writing, low levels of student literacy, and becomes increasingly complex when implementing PJJ, teachers have difficulty bringing innovations in application of historical literacy due to limited interaction space and duration of teaching time and presenting historical literacy as an effort to foster critical thinking skills.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan guru dalam menerapkan literasi sejarah pada pembelajaran sejarah di SMA dan kendala yang dihadapi guru dalam penerapan literasi sejarah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan analisis masalah menggunakan jenis studi kasus analisis multi kasus yang dilakukan pada Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh (PJJ) pada masa pandemi COVID-19 di SMA Labschool Jakarta dan SMA Negeri 30 Jakarta tahun 2020. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam, studi dokumen, dan catatan lapangan. Analisis dan interpretasi data menunjukkan bahwa (1) pembelajaran sejarah pada masa pembelajaran jarak jauh di SMA Labschool Jakarta dan SMA Negeri 30 Jakarta masih berjalan kondusif, namun kondisi ini juga mempengaruhi interaksi guru dan siswa menjadi lebih terbatas dalam pembelajaran; (2) Guru telah mampu menerapkan literasi sejarah dalam pembelajaran sejarah sesuai dengan rangkuman aspek-aspek pokok konsep literasi sejarah; (3) Kendala yang dihadapi guru dalam menerapkan literasi sejarah terutama pada pemahaman konseptual guru tentang literasi sejarah yang masih pada tahap pemahaman tradisional membaca dan menulis, rendahnya tingkat literasi siswa, dan menjadi semakin kompleks pada saat pelaksanaan PJJ, guru kesulitan menghadirkan inovasi dalam penerapan literasi sejarah karena terbatasnya ruang interaksi dan durasi waktu pengajaran serta menghadirkan literasi sejarah sebagai upay","PeriodicalId":30724,"journal":{"name":"Paramita Historical Studies Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47308988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Whispers from The Forest, Local wisdom in forest conservation and utilization","authors":"Nina Witasari","doi":"10.15294/paramita.v32i1.27173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v32i1.27173","url":null,"abstract":"Forest utilization and conservation have become a serious problem faced by many countries in the world. Forests in Java have been exploited massively since colonial rule. Exploitation not only by the colonial government but also by the indigenous rulers. Of course, this exploitation has a big impact on the ecology of Java's forests, which then experience a decline in quality and the loss of several forest areas. Behind all the chaos that occurs in forest management in Java, people instinctively have a mechanism to manage and preserve the forest where they live and make a living. The mechanism in question is to use traditions and myths that have grown and developed in society. This research is social history research, which explores the historical sources of Javanese forestry and relates to social changes that occur in society. The method used is the historical research method and is equipped with information obtained from interviews with some informants. From the results of the research conducted, it can be seen that the Javanese people, especially those who still live around the forest, are currently carrying out traditions related to forest maintenance. Although the forest area is shrinking, the tradition is still carried out, for reasons of cultural and economic preservation.Pemanfaatan dan konservasi hutan telah menjadi masalah serius yang dihadapi oleh banyak negara di dunia. Hutan di Jawa telah dieksploitasi secara besar-besaran sejak pemerintahan kolonial. Eksploitasi tidak hanya dilakukan oleh pemerintah kolonial tetapi juga oleh penguasa pribumi. Tentu saja eksploitasi ini berdampak besar terhadap ekologi hutan Jawa yang kemudian mengalami penurunan kualitas dan hilangnya beberapa kawasan hutan. Di balik semua kekacauan yang terjadi dalam pengelolaan hutan di Jawa, masyarakat secara naluriah memiliki mekanisme untuk mengelola dan melestarikan hutan tempat mereka hidup dan mencari nafkah. Mekanisme yang dimaksud adalah dengan menggunakan tradisi dan mitos yang telah tumbuh dan berkembang di masyarakat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian sejarah sosial, yang menggali sumber-sumber sejarah kehutanan Jawa dan berkaitan dengan perubahan sosial yang terjadi di masyarakat. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian sejarah dan dilengkapi dengan informasi yang diperoleh dari wawancara dengan beberapa informan. Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan dapat diketahui bahwa masyarakat Jawa khususnya yang masih tinggal di sekitar hutan saat ini menjalankan tradisi yang berkaitan dengan pemeliharaan hutan. Meski luas hutan semakin menyusut, tradisi tersebut tetap dilakukan, dengan alasan pelestarian budaya dan ekonomi.Cite this article: Witasari, N. (2022). Whispers from the Forest: Local Wisdom in forest Conservation and Utilization. Paramita: Historical Studies Journal, 32(1), 23-32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v32i1.27173","PeriodicalId":30724,"journal":{"name":"Paramita Historical Studies Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45099726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Contribution of Western Humanism Ideas Towards Education Policy in The Dutch East Indies (1817-1942)","authors":"R. A. Surya, Rif'atul Fikriya","doi":"10.15294/paramita.v32i1.30787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v32i1.30787","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: This study aims to investigate the contribution of Western humanism ideas towards education policy in the Netherland Indies or Dutch East Indies. This study engaged historical method with four stages, namely heuristic, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. Humanism ideas that initially appeared in Italy obtained significant impact on European history afterwards. Thinkers as Rousseau, Montesquieu, Hobbes, and so on brought humanitarian ideas towards children, education as well as policy towards colonies as the result of humanisms movement. Those ideas clarify how children should be perceived and be treated that spread almost in many countries of Europe. At the time, many Europeans colonized several countries in Asia and Africa. Therefore, the ideas of humanism also encouraged the changes of colonial policy regarding how they should treat colonies in the sense of humanitarian thoughts. As many Southeast Asian countries were controlled by the western, Indonesia experienced several occupations of Europeans after initially colonized by the Portuguese, followed by Dutch, France and British. Officially, Indonesia under the realm of Dutch government since 1817 experienced the changes and shifts upon colonial treatment. After the collapse of VOC, Dutch colonial policy was affected by humanism movement. In term of education, there were policies being established such as Nativism, Concordantie, and Ethical Politic. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh gagasan humanisme Barat terhadap kebijakan politik di Hindia Belanda. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah yang terdiri atas, heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Gagasan humanisme pertama kali muncul di Italia memberikan dampak signifikan terhadap sejarah Eropa pada periode berikutnya. Para pemikir seperti Rousseau, Montesquieu, Hobbes, dan lain-lain berusaha membawa gagasan humanism terhadap peserta didik, pendidikan, serta kebijakan pendidikan terhadap wilayah jajahan sebagai konsekuensi gerakan humanisme. Gagasan humanisme memberikan penjelasan bagaimana seharusnya peserta didik dilihat dan diperlakukan menyebar ke hampir seluruh negara di Eropa. Pada waktu yang bersamaan, banyak bangsa Eropa yang melakukan penjajahan di kawasan Asia dan Afrika. Dengan demikian, gagasan tentang humanisme juga mendorong perubahan kebijakan penjajah tentang bagaimana mereka memperlakukan koloni berdasarkan gagasan humanitarian. Beberapa kawasan di Asia Tenggara di kuasai bangsa Barat, Indonesia mengalami serangkaian pengalaman penjajahan setelah pertama kali dijajah oleh Portugis, kemudian Belanda, Perancis, Inggris, dan Jepang. Secara resmi, Indonesia dijajah oleh pemerintah Belanda pada tahun 1817 mengalami berbagai perubahan kebijakan. Setelah pembubaran VOC, kebijakan colonial Belanda juga dipengaruhi oleh gerakan humanisme. Dalam konteks pendidikan, pengaruh gagasan humanisme terhadap kebijakan colonial tertuang dalam kebijakan Nativisme, Konkordansi, d","PeriodicalId":30724,"journal":{"name":"Paramita Historical Studies Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48167089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Potential of Web-Based Historical Sources as Learning Resources to Foster Students’ Historical Thinking Skills","authors":"A. Widiadi, M. Sheehan, Sydney J. Shep","doi":"10.15294/paramita.v32i1.31048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v32i1.31048","url":null,"abstract":"To foster students’ historical thinking in Indonesia, teachers should not merely use textbooks as the only learning resource. They must utilize primary sources in teaching history that are important to encourage students to think historically. Unfortunately, it was not easy to access primary sources in Indonesia. For that reason, this study explored alternative learning resources to overcome the main difficulty faced by history teachers in Indonesia in fostering students’ historical thinking skills. This study aimed to develop web-based historical sources as learning resources and evaluate its potential to foster students’ historical thinking skills in Indonesia. As evaluation research, this study applied educational research and development approach. The results of this study indicated that the website that had been developed had challenges and opportunities in fostering students’ historical thinking skills in Indonesia.Untuk menumbuhkan keterampilan berpikir sejarah siswa di Indonesia, guru sejarah seharusnya tidak hanya mengandalkan buku teks sebagai satu-satunya sumber belajar. Mereka juga harus memanfaatkan sumber-sumber primer dalam pembelajaran sejarah yang begitu penting dalam mendorong siswa berpikir secara historis. Sayangnya, tidak mudah untuk mengakses sumber primer di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini mengeksplorasi sumber belajar alternatif untuk mengatasi kesulitan utama yang dihadapi oleh guru sejarah di Indonesia dalam menumbuhkan keterampilan berpikir sejarah siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sumber belajar sejarah berupa website yang berisi sumber-sumber sejarah dan sekaligus mengevaluasi potensinya dalam menumbuhkan keterampilan berpikir sejarah siswa di Indonesia. Sebagai kajian evaluasi, penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian dan pengembangan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa website yang telah dikembangkan memiliki beberapa tantangan sekaligus kesempatan baik dalam menumbuhkan keterampilan berpikir sejarah siswa di Indonesia.Cite this article: Widiadi, A.N., Sheehan, M., Shep, S. (2022). The Potential of Web-Based Historical Sources as Learning Resources to Foster Students’ Historical Thinking Skills. Paramita: Historical Studies Journal, 32(1), 138-148. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v32i1.31048 ","PeriodicalId":30724,"journal":{"name":"Paramita Historical Studies Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44829190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rubber, Oil Palm and Accumulation in Rural West Kalimantan, 1910s - 2010s","authors":"P. Semedi","doi":"10.15294/paramita.v32i1.29470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v32i1.29470","url":null,"abstract":"The article argues that social tensions in Indonesian oil palm cultivation have social origins internal to the communities that have adopted oil palm, and it traces some of these origins back across several processes of land conversion. In the early 20th century, the adoption of rubber among West Kalimantan farmers led to the privatization of land tenure and wealth accumulation in the hand of village traders, tokeh, that eventually caused social tension within the community. More money has come to the farmers following the conversion of land from rubber to oil palm since the 1990s, and the money is accompanied by a quicker pace of land accumulation in the hands of the village rich and plantation companies. This process opens a path for the grow of local, village-based capitalism.Artikel ini menyampaikan bahwa ketegangan sosial berkaitan dengan budidaya sawit di Indonesia bersumber dari dari dinamika sosial di dalam masyarakat petani saat mereka mengadopsi tanaman pasar ini. Pada awal abad ke-20, adopsi karet di kalangan petani Kalimantan Barat menyebabkan privatisasi penguasaan tanah dan penumpukan kekayaan di tangan pedagang desa, tokeh, yang akhirnya menimbulkan ketegangan sosial di dalam masyarakat. Uang dalam jumlah yang lebih besar diterima para petani setelah mereka mengganti karet dengan sawit sejak tahun 1990-an. Kedatangan uang tersebut dibarengi dengan laju akumulasi tanah yang lebih cepat di tangan orang-orang kaya desa dan perusahaan perkebunan. Proses ini membuka jalan bagi tumbuhnya kapitalisme lokal berbasis pedesaan.Cite this article: Semedi, P. (2022). Rubber, Oil Palm and Accumulation in Rural West Kalimantan, 1910s - 2010s. Paramita: Historical Studies Journal, 32(1), 33-44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v32i1.29470 ","PeriodicalId":30724,"journal":{"name":"Paramita Historical Studies Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49368203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmad Tohri, Abdul Rasyad, Habibuddin Habibuddin, Z. Zulkarnain
{"title":"Tauhid View Tuan Guru Umar Kelayu: Intellectual History Study of Lombok Theologian Central Figure","authors":"Ahmad Tohri, Abdul Rasyad, Habibuddin Habibuddin, Z. Zulkarnain","doi":"10.15294/paramita.v32i1.26636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v32i1.26636","url":null,"abstract":"Tuan Guru Umar Kelayu (TGU) was one of the pioneers and a central figure born in the era of the teacher-teaching of the Sasak-Lombok community. The purpose of this study is to analyze the monotheistic view of TGU as the central figure of Lombok clerics in the study of intellectual history. The research method used is the historical method, which is a process of critically analyzing records and experiences or relics of the past. The results showed that TGU as a teacher early generation was born from a family that has a breed very strong with the Islamic Selaparang Kingdom by mastering religious knowledge broadly and deeply which was obtained from scholars in Lombok, the archipelago, and the world. The wisdom of TGU is reflected in the book of monotheism written at the age of ± 25 years, with the title Manzarul Amrad. The systematic thinking, perspective, and narrative style are unique in writing the book of monotheism that distinguishes it from other scholars. The monotheistic view of TGU has an impact on strengthening Islam, especially strengthening the faith of the Sasak-Islamic community. Instilling the spirit of jihad fi sabilillah, the Sasak people fought against the Balinese and Dutch rulers. TGU is involved in the dialectic of Islamic intellectuals through a network of teachers, friends, and students in Lombok, the archipelago, and even the Islamic world.Tuan Guru Umar Kelayu (TGU) merupakan salah seorang perintis dan tokoh sentral kelahiran era ke-tuan guru-an masyarakat Sasak-Lombok. Tujuan penelitian menganalisis pandangan tauhid TGU sebagai tokoh sentral ulama Lombok dalam kajian sejarah intelektual. Metode penelitian yang digunakan metode sejarah, yaitu suatu proses menganalisis secara kritis rekaman dan pengalaman atau peninggalan masa lampau. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan TGU sebagai tuan guru generasi awal terlahir dari keluarga yang memiliki trah sangat kuat dengan Kerajaan Selaparang Islam dengan menguasai ilmu agama secara luas dan mendalam yang diperoleh dari para ulama di Lombok, Nusantara, dan dunia. Kealiman TGU tercermin dari kitab tauhid ditulis pada usia ±25 tahun, dengan judul Manzarul Amrad. Sistematika berpikir, cara pandang, dan gaya narasi merupakan keunikan dalam menulis kitab tauhid yang membedakannya dengan ulama-ulama lain. Pandangan tauhid TGU berdampak terhadap penguatan keislaman terutama peneguhan akidah masyarakat Islam-Sasak. Menanamkan semangat jihad fi sabilillah rakyat Sasak melakukan perlawanan pada penguasa Bali dan Belanda. TGU terlibat dalam dialektika intelektual keislaman melalui jaringan guru, sahabat, dan murid di Lombok, Nusantara, bahkan dunia Islam.Cite this article: Tohri, A., Rasyad, A. Habibuddin, Zulkarnain (2022). Tauhid View Tuan Guru Umar Kelayu: Intellectual History Study of Lombok Theologian Central Figure. Paramita: Historical Studies Journal, 32(1), 1-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v32i1.26636","PeriodicalId":30724,"journal":{"name":"Paramita Historical Studies Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41673045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}