Paramita Historical Studies Journal最新文献

{"title":"The Development and Economic Impact of Railway in Batavia, 1873-1930","authors":"D. Bandarsyah, A. Abdulhadi, Sulaeman Sulaeman","doi":"10.15294/paramita.v32i2.31683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v32i2.31683","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to determine the background of rail transportation modes developed in Batavia, focusing on the process, the activities between 1873 and 1930, and their economic impact in 1930. It was discovered that the increase in agricultural and plantation yields during the Cultivation Era led caused serious problems in transporting agricultural products from the plantation area to the port. It led to the construction of the first train connecting Batavia to Buitenzorg, operated by the Nederlandsche-Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij (NISM) on 31 January 1873. Another railway company, Staatsspoorwegen (SS), designed to operate the western route, including Batavia – Tanjung Priok, was inaugurated in 1885. It was followed by Batavia – Anyer in 1900 with a Duri – Tangerang branch in 1899 and Bataviasche Ooster Spoorweg Maatschappij (BOSM), which opened the eastern route, Batavia – Bekasi – Karawang, in 1891. Moreover, there is also the Batavia horse tram operated by Bataviasche Tramweg Maatschappij (BTM) in 1869, which served as the beginning of the history of the railroad in Batavia. It was also discovered that the train significantly impacted all economic actors in Batavia, including the farmers, traders, and industries. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: mengetahui latar belakang pembangunan moda transportasi kereta api di Batavia, proses pembangunan moda transportasi kereta api di Batavia dan perkembangan perkeretaapian di Batavia pada 1873-1930 serta dampak moda transportasi kereta api terhadap perekonomian Batavia 1930. Hasil penelitian ini bahwa terjadinya peningkatan hasil pertanian dan perkebunan pada era Tanam Paksa yang jumlahnya belipat-lipat menyebabkan masalah yang cukup serius bagi pengangkutan hasil perkebunan dan pertanian dari daerah perkebunan ke pelabuhan. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan-permasalahan itu, maka dibangunlah kereta api pertama di Batavia yang menghubungkan Batavia dengan Buitenzorg yang dioperasikan oleh Nederlandsche-Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij (NISM) pada 31 Januari 1873. Selanjutnya terdapat perusahaan kereta api lainnya yang turut beroperasi di Batavia, yaitu Staatsspoorwegen (SS) yang mengoperasikan lintas barat, meliputi Batavia – Tanjung Priok diresmikan tahun 1885, Batavia – Anyer 1900 dengan cabang Duri – Tangerang tahun 1899 dan Bataviasche Ooster Spoorweg Maatschappij (BOSM) yang membuka lintas timur, Batavia – Bekasi – Karawang tahun 1891. Tak lupa juga terdapat trem kuda Batavia yang dioperasikan oleh Bataviasche Tramweg Maatschappij pada tahun 1869 yang mengawali sejarah berdirinya sejarah kereta api di Batavia. Dengan ini kereta api mampu memberikan dampak ekonomi bagi seluruh pelaku ekonomi di Batavia, mulai dari petani, pedagang hingga industri sekalipun. Cite this article: Bandarsyah, D., Abdulhadi, Sulaeman. (2022). The The Development and Economic Impact of Railway in Batavia, 1873-1930. Paramita: Historical Studies Journal, 32(2), 159-170. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v32i2.31683  ","PeriodicalId":30724,"journal":{"name":"Paramita Historical Studies Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45003498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Baju Kurung or Baju Kebaya? Framing the History of the Brunei Women’s Fashion","authors":"Kamaliah Kamaluddin, A. Kumpoh","doi":"10.15294/paramita.v32i2.34526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v32i2.34526","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates the relationship between women’s fashion in Brunei Darussalam and the historical factors that influenced the evolution of the former in the 1960s, the 1970s, and the 1980s. By employing a qualitative visual analysis method, this study analyzed photographs of Brunei women published in the national newspaper Pelita Brunei from the 1960s to the 1980s. Document review and thematic coding analysis were employed to frame and examine the historical context within which Brunei women’s fashion experienced a significant spectrum of trends. The findings of this study indicate that the evolution of women’s fashion in the 1960s and 1970s was primarily due to a combination of domestic and external influences such as the growth of popular entertainment, education, government’s role, and, to a considerable extent, the societal expectation towards women and the Islamic resurgence in the Southeast Asian region. In comparison, in the 1980s, Brunei women’s fashion was characterized strongly by Islamic ideals due to the declaration of Melayu Islam Beraja (MIB) as the State Philosophy, concomitant to Brunei’s independence in 1984. Based on these findings, this article proposes some potential research directions that can be pursued by future research. Artikel ini menyelidiki hubungan antara busana wanita di Brunei Darussalam dan faktor-faktor sejarah yang memengaruhi evolusi gaya busana wanita di tahun 1960-an, 1970-an, dan 1980-an. Dengan menggunakan metode analisis visual kualitatif, penelitian ini menganalisis foto-foto perempuan Brunei yang dimuat di surat kabar nasional Pelita Brunei dari tahun 1960-an hingga 1980-an. Tinjauan dokumen dan analisis pengkodean tematik digunakan untuk membingkai dan memeriksa konteks historis di mana mode wanita Brunei mengalami spektrum tren yang signifikan. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa evolusi mode wanita pada tahun 1960-an dan 1970-an terutama disebabkan oleh kombinasi pengaruh domestik dan eksternal seperti pertumbuhan hiburan populer, pendidikan, peran pemerintah, dan, sampai batas tertentu, masyarakat. harapan terhadap perempuan dan kebangkitan Islam di kawasan Asia Tenggara. Sebagai perbandingan, pada tahun 1980-an, busana wanita Brunei sangat dicirikan oleh cita-cita Islam karena deklarasi Melayu Islam Beraja (MIB) sebagai Filosofi Negara, bersamaan dengan kemerdekaan Brunei pada tahun 1984. Berdasarkan temuan ini, artikel ini mengusulkan beberapa penelitian potensial. arah yang dapat ditempuh oleh penelitian masa depan. Cite this article: Kamaluddin, K., Kumpoh, A. (2022). Baju Kurung or Baju Kebaya? Framing the History of the Brunei Women’s Fashion Paramita: Historical Studies Journal, 32(2), 180-190. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v32i2.34526  ","PeriodicalId":30724,"journal":{"name":"Paramita Historical Studies Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43182463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the Impact of Social Media on Youth and Its Future for History Learning","authors":"L. Singh, T. Ahmad","doi":"10.15294/paramita.v32i2.35055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v32i2.35055","url":null,"abstract":"In 2022, there will be 5 billion internet users, more than 93% of whom have used social media. In the last 15 years, the existence of social media has brought changes in the way humans interact. These changes have impacted the younger generation and the world of education. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the impact of social media on youth and its impact on education. One of the fields of education that is used for analysis is history learning. The analysis of the influence of social media in history learning is fascinating because many social media platforms currently raise issues about history. It provides an opportunity to transform historical education, which is very conventional. The existence of social media has colored the study of history, known as digital history. From a historical perspective, social media content related to history is included in the concept of digital history. In digital history, social media appears as a new variety of historiography and more relevant discussion space for students who are digital natives. Social media makes historical information sources more casual and easily accessible to students. Pada tahun 2022, tercatat 5 milyar pengguna internet dan lebih dari 93% di antaranya telah menggunakan sosial media. Dalam 15 tahun terakhir keberadaan media sosial telah membawa perubahan dalam cara manusia berinteraksi. Perubahan tersebut telah memberi dampak pada generasi muda dan dunia pendidikan. Dari pemikiran tersebut, tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak media sosial terhadap kaum muda dan pengaruhnya di bidang pendidikan. Salah satu bidang pendidikan yang dijadikan analisis adalah pembelajaran sejarah. Analisis terhadap pengaruh media sosial dalam pembelajaran sejarah sangat menarik karena saat ini banyak platform media sosial yang mengangkat isu-isu tentang sejarah. Hal ini memberi peluang terhadap transformasi pendidikan sejarah yang dikenal sangat konvensional. Keberadaan media sosial telah memberi warna baru dalam studi sejarah yang disebut sebagai sejarah digital. Dalam perspektif sejarah, konten sosial media yang berhubungan dengan sejarah termasuk dalam konsep sejarah digital. Sebagai sejarah digital, media sosial tampil sebagai ragam baru historiografi dan ruang diskusi yang lebih relevan bagi siswa yang termasuk dalam digital native. Dengan media sosial, sumber informasi kesejarahan tampil lebih casual dan mudah dijangkau oleh siswa. Cite this article: Singh, L., Ahmad, T.A. (2022). Examining the Impact of Social Media on Youth and Its Future for History Learning. Paramita: Historical Studies Journal, 32(2), 253-262. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v32i2.35055 ","PeriodicalId":30724,"journal":{"name":"Paramita Historical Studies Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43546191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Use of Economic Geography Theory in the Study of City History, a Methodological Thinking","authors":"E. Hartatik","doi":"10.15294/paramita.v32i2.35611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v32i2.35611","url":null,"abstract":"The study of city history requires auxiliary science to explain socio-economic phenomena. One of the essential auxiliary sciences is Geography. This article aims to describe a theoretical analysis of economic geography concepts and theories that can be used to analyze historical phenomena that discuss space as a factor in social phenomena. The research method used is a literature study based on relevant scientific books and journals. The results show that the theory and concept of geography can clarify historical researchers in discussing urban spatial phenomena related to various aspects of social phenomena, primarily the phenomenon of economic development. The images of the geographic theory that can be used are the theory of transportation networks, linkage theory, network theory or “networks,” and agglomeration theory. Through theoretical clarity, one can understand social phenomena in historical situations at a certain period more clearly than narrative studies based solely on historical sources. Kajian sejarah kota  memerlukan ilmu bantu untuk menjelaskan fenomena fenomena sosial-ekonomi. Salah satu ilmu bantu penting adalah Geografi. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan kajian teoretik konsep dan teori Geografi ekonomi yang dapat digunakan untuk menganalisis fenomena sejarah yang membahas keruangan sebagai faktor fenomena sosial. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi pustaka dengan mendasarkan pada buku dan jurnal ilmiah yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkkan bahwa teori dan konsep Geografi dapat memperjelas peneliti sejarah dalam membahas fenomena keruangan kota  yang terkait dengan berbagai aspek fenomena sosial, terutama fenomena perkembangan ekonomi. Konsep dari teori geografi yang dapat digunakan adalah teori  tentang jaringan transportasi, teore linkage, teori jaringan atau “networks’, dan teori aglomerasi. Melalu kejelasan teoretik maka fenomena sosial dalam situasi sejarah pada periode tertentu dapat dipahami lebih jelas dibandingkan dengan kajian naratif semata yang mendasarkan pada sumber-sumber sejarah. Cite this article: Hartatik, E.S. (2022). The Use of Economic Geography Theory in the Study of City History, a Methodological Thinking. Paramita: Historical Studies Journal, 32(2), 191-201. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v32i2.35611 ","PeriodicalId":30724,"journal":{"name":"Paramita Historical Studies Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46082594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Taboo of Performing Wayang Puppet in Arcawinangun, East Purwokerto","authors":"Sugeng Priyadi, Asep Kosasih, A. Nugroho","doi":"10.15294/paramita.v32i2.37834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v32i2.37834","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to uncover the taboo of performing wayang puppets in Arcawinangun, Banyumas Regency. The research method uses the historical method. Heuristics are carried out by collecting folklore data processed through external and internal criticism to obtain intellectual historical facts at the local level. This fact is interpreted concerning local wisdom, which produces Banyumas’ intellectual historiography. People of Arcawinangun deem the story of the birth of sacred Parikesit and feel the trauma of the effect of the war of the Bharatas or Bharatayuda. The battle depicts the cruelty and violence causing family members to become victims. To forget it, people create a non-sacred story known as carangan. Bharatayuda passed down sins through murders justified by swear and curses. The war caused the annihilation of the Kauravas, followed by that of the Pandavas. The Pandavas indeed remain intact, but they lost their offspring. Tujuan penelitian ini mengungkap tabu pertunjukan wayang kulit di Arcawinangun kabupaten Banyumas. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode sejarah. Heuristik dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan data folklore yang diproses melalui kritik ekstern dan intern sehingga diperoleh fakta sejarah inteletual di tingkat lokal. Fakta tersebut diinterpetasikan dengan acuan kearifan lokal yang menghasilkan historiografi intelektual Banyumas. Hasil penelitian tentang tabu pertunjukan wayang pada masyarakat Arcawinangun bersumber dari kisah cerita kelahiran Parikesit dan perang Bharatas atau Bharatayuda yang memunculkan trauma. Pertempuran tersebut menggambarkan kekejaman dan kekerasan yang menyebabkan anggota keluarga menjadi korban. Untuk melupakannya, orang membuat cerita non-sakral yang dikenal sebagai carangan. Bharatayuda menurunkan dosa melalui pembunuhan yang dibenarkan dengan sumpah dan kutukan. Perang menyebabkan pemusnahan Kurawa diikuti oleh Pandawa. Pandawa memang tetap utuh, tetapi mereka kehilangan keturunannya. Cite this article: Priyadi, S. Kosasih, A.D., Nugroho, A.S. (2022). The Taboo of Performing Wayang Puppet in Arcawinangun, East Purwokerto. Paramita: Historical Studies Journal, 32(2), 230-242. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v32i2.37834 ","PeriodicalId":30724,"journal":{"name":"Paramita Historical Studies Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48314563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Values Education through the Exemplary of Sultan Syarif Kasim II for Students in Riau","authors":"Piki Setri Pernantah, Ahmal Ahmal","doi":"10.15294/paramita.v32i2.27632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v32i2.27632","url":null,"abstract":"Education of values through the example of a figure who is also a national hero from Riau is still lacking. It is necessary to have values education based on historical figures so that students cannot forget their heroes and imitate Sultan Syarif Kasim II’s struggles. This research was conducted using a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach. The values reconstructed from the results of field research and literature studies are then integrated into the historical student learning at the University of Riau so that it is internalized into students who will later become self-character based on the fighting spirit of the heroes of Riau. Pendidikan nilai melalui keteladanan sosok yang juga merupakan pahlawan nasional asal Riau masih sangat kurang. Perlu adanya pendidikan nilai berbasis tokoh sejarah agar mahasiswa tidak melupakan pahlawannya sehingga mampu meneladani perjuangan yang telah dilakukan Sultan Syarif Kasim II. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif-analitis. Nilai-nilai yang telah direkonstruksi dari hasil penelitian lapangan dan studi literatur tersebut kemudian diintegrasikan ke dalam perkuliahan sejarah lokal mahasiswa sejarah Universitas Riau. Sehingga terinternalisasi ke dalam diri mahasiswa yang nantinya menjadi karakter diri yang dilandasi semangat perjuangan para pahlawan Riau. Cite this article: Pernantah, P.S., Ahmal. (2022). Values Education through the Exemplary of Sultan Syarif Kasim II for Students in Riau. Paramita: Historical Studies Journal, 32(2), 276-285. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v32i2.27632 ","PeriodicalId":30724,"journal":{"name":"Paramita Historical Studies Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48425597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Little Historian Model for Local History Learning","authors":"R. Soeharso, Ibnu Sodiq, Rosa Wardayanti","doi":"10.15294/paramita.v32i2.29962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v32i2.29962","url":null,"abstract":"Based on a preliminary study of learning activities and learning resources used in MAN 1 Surakarta, it is known that teachers are less varied in using innovative learning models in history learning. This study aims to: (1) analyze the pre-conditions of developing learning models in students' history learning activities; (2) analyze the process of developing a little historian model with the material content of the History of the Surakarta Kasunanan Palace; and (3) analyze the feasibility level of the learning model that has been developed. The research method used is Research and Development (RD) with the following stages: a preliminary study of the conditions of historical learning and a study of the development of learning models. This research focuses on developing a little historian model of learning. The results showed that teachers only used worksheets and textbooks in learning. While the learning method used is the method of assignment and discussion. Based on the results of the validation process for the product developed in the form of a learning model packaged in the form of a module in the first stage, it showed a total average percentage of 91.84%. The second stage of the validation process showed an increase of 3.3% to 95.14%. The validation results show that the little historian learning model developed is feasible to use without revision based on the validation results by learning model experts on historical material during the Islamic civilization in Indonesia. Berdasarkan studi pendahuluan terhadap kegiatan pembelajaran dan sumber belajar yang digunakan di MAN 1 Surakarta diketahui bahwa guru kurang bervariasi dalam menggunakan model pembelajaran inovatif di dalam pembelajaran sejarah. Penelitian ini bertujuan: (1) menganalisis pra kondisi pengembangan model pembelajaran pada kegiatan belajar sejarah siswa; (2) menganalisis proses pengembangan model sejarawan kecil dengan muatan materi Sejarah Keraton Kasunanan Surakarta; dan (3) menganalisis tingkat kelayakan model pembelajaran yang telah dikembangkan. Metode penelitian yang dipakai adalah Research and Development (RD) dengan tahapan berikut: studi pendahuluan tentang kondisi pembelajaran sejarah dan studi pengembangan model pembelajaran. Fokus penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengembangkan model pembelajaran sejarawan kecil berbasis sejarah lokal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa guru hanya menggunakan LKS dan buku paket dalam pembelajaran. Sedangkan metode pembelajaran yang digunakan adalah metode penugasan dan diskusi. Berdasarkan hasil dari proses validasi terhadap produk yang dikembangkan berupa model pembelajaran yang dikemas dalam bentuk modul pada tahap pertama menunjukkan presentase rata-rata total sebesar 91,84%. Proses validasi tahap kedua menunjukkan peningkatan presentase sebesar 3,3% menjadi 95,14%. Berdasarkan hasil validasi tersebut menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran sejarawan kecil yang dikembangkan layak untuk digunakan tanpa revisi berdasarkan hasil validasi ole","PeriodicalId":30724,"journal":{"name":"Paramita Historical Studies Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42244369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ports, Maritime Networks, and Its Effect on the Development of the Ancient Kingdom of Southeast Asia","authors":"Nguyen Minh Man, N. T. Chi, Wasino Wasino, E. Hartatik","doi":"10.15294/paramita.v32i2.37833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v32i2.37833","url":null,"abstract":"Southeast Asia played an important role in global trade networks from before to the 15th century AD. This article aims to analyze the changes in maritime networks in the classical period of Southeast Asia and their influence on the development of ports and political centers in this region. The research method used is the historical method by utilizing relevant secondary sources. The analysis results show that long before Christ, the Southeast Asian region had become an arena of maritime networks with India and was followed by China at the beginning of the century AD. The sea transportation network connecting India, China, and the Middle East has influenced the growth of ports in Southeast Asia, which has implications for economic development and political power in the classical kingdoms. The initial trading network that China built until the mid-6th century AD gave birth to the development of the Funan kingdom with the port of Oc-Eo. Meanwhile, the China-Malacca Strait direct network shut down Funan’s ports with the shipping technology revolution. It encouraged the development of owned ports in the archipelago in succession in different periods, namely Sriwijaya, Majapahit, and Malacca, influencing economic and political consequences. These countries. The implications of this finding are the basis for generalizing the development of Pacific Asia trade and the economic and cultural interactions between maritime nations and regions worldwide. Asia Tenggara memainkan peran penting dalam jaringan perdagangan global dari sebelum hingga abad ke-15 Masehi. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perubahan jaringan maritim pada periode klasik Asia Tenggara dan pengaruhnya terhadap perkembangan pelabuhan dan pusat politik di kawasan ini. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode sejarah dengan memanfaatkan sumber-sumber sekunder yang relevan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa jauh sebelum Masehi, kawasan Asia Tenggara telah menjadi arena jaringan maritim dengan India dan diikuti oleh Cina pada awal abad Masehi. Jaringan transportasi laut yang menghubungkan India, Cina, dan Timur Tengah telah mempengaruhi pertumbuhan pelabuhan di Asia Tenggara, yang berimplikasi pada perkembangan ekonomi dan kekuatan politik di kerajaan-kerajaan klasik. Jaringan perdagangan awal yang dibangun Tiongkok hingga pertengahan abad ke-6 M melahirkan perkembangan kerajaan Funan dengan pelabuhan Oc-Eo. Sementara itu, jaringan langsung Selat Malaka-China menutup pelabuhan Funan dengan revolusi teknologi perkapalan. Hal tersebut mendorong berkembangnya pelabuhan-pelabuhan milik di Nusantara secara berturut-turut pada periode yang berbeda, yaitu Sriwijaya, Majapahit, dan Malaka, sehingga mempengaruhi konsekuensi ekonomi dan politik. Negara-negara ini. Implikasi dari temuan ini adalah dasar untuk menggeneralisasi perkembangan perdagangan Asia Pasifik dan interaksi ekonomi dan budaya antara negara dan wilayah maritim di seluruh dunia.Cite this article: Man, N.M., Chi, N.T.P., Wasin","PeriodicalId":30724,"journal":{"name":"Paramita Historical Studies Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41812362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exiled and Convict: Workers and Working System in the Nutmeg Economy in Banda, 1850-1860","authors":"Umi Barjiyah, S. Margana","doi":"10.15294/paramita.v32i2.32982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v32i2.32982","url":null,"abstract":"Banda Islands had a particular landmark in the traffic of world trade history. These islands are recognized as green gold and became one of the main sources of colonial profit. At the peak of the nutmeg trade, the Dutch colonial government built massive perkens (nutmeg plantations). The development of these perkens had scratched a typical history line in Indonesia’s history of economy and colonialism. It created a new economic zone but also laid a dark markdown on the practice of slavery and the workforce on the island. Another consequence was creating a new hybrid social and cultural identity in Banda. This article examines the development of Banda as a new economic zone, the mobilization of workers, and its working system in the nutmeg economy during the colonial period. It argues that the use of exiles and convicts in the nutmeg economy was a colonial strategy to escape to a newly legal ordonnance that abolished the practice of slavery in the perkens. Kepulauan Banda memiliki landmark tertentu dalam lalu lintas sejarah perdagangan dunia. Pulau-pulau ini diakui sebagai emas hijau dan menjadi salah satu sumber utama keuntungan kolonial. Pada puncak perdagangan pala, pemerintah kolonial Belanda membangun perken (perkebunan pala) besar-besaran. Perkembangan perken ini telah menggores garis sejarah yang khas dalam sejarah ekonomi dan kolonialisme Indonesia. Ini menciptakan zona ekonomi baru tetapi juga memberikan penurunan harga gelap pada praktik perbudakan dan tenaga kerja di pulau itu. Konsekuensi lain adalah menciptakan identitas sosial dan budaya hibrida baru di Banda. Artikel ini mengkaji perkembangan Banda sebagai kawasan ekonomi baru, mobilisasi tenaga kerja, dan sistem kerjanya dalam perekonomian pala pada masa kolonial. Ia berpendapat bahwa penggunaan orang buangan dan narapidana dalam ekonomi pala adalah strategi kolonial untuk melarikan diri ke ordonansi hukum baru yang menghapuskan praktik perbudakan di perken. Cite this article: Barjiyah, U., Margana, S.(2022). Exiled and Convict: Workers and Working System in the Nutmeg Economy in Banda, 1850-1860. Paramita: Historical Studies Journal, 32(2), 171-179. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v32i2.32982  ","PeriodicalId":30724,"journal":{"name":"Paramita Historical Studies Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42597905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The 1977 Election and Consolidation of the New Order Government in West Sumatra","authors":"Israr Israr, Susanto Zuhdi, Abdurakhman Abdurakhman","doi":"10.15294/paramita.v32i2.29705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v32i2.29705","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to reveal the process and results of the 1977 Election in West Sumatra. Unlike at the national level taking place under intense competition, the second election during the New Order regime in West Sumatra seemed relatively “quiet.” Golkar comes out as the superior champion. The vote acquisition surpassed the Golkar votes nationally and passed the “Beringin” achievement in the 1971 Election. This study uses a structural history approach. The results show its specific dynamics in West Sumatra, which differed from the national elections. This study uses the historical method of heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. In the heuristic stage, data were obtained through library research, documentation and archives, field observations, and interviews with selected resource persons based on source criticism. The study results reveal that the 1977 Election in West Sumatra not only resulted in an increase in Golkar’s votes and the defeat of the “opposition party,” especially the PPP, but also signaled the continued consolidation of the New Order regime in Minangkabau. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap proses dan hasil Pemilu 1977 di Sumatera Barat. Berbeda dengan di tingkat nasional yang berlangsung dalam persaingan yang ketat, pemilu kedua pada masa Orde Baru di Sumatera Barat tampak relatif “tenang”. Golkar keluar sebagai juara unggul. Perolehan suara tersebut melampaui perolehan suara Golkar secara nasional dan melewati prestasi “Beringin” pada Pemilu 1971. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan sejarah struktural. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dinamika spesifik di Sumatera Barat yang berbeda dengan pemilu nasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode historis heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Pada tahap heuristik, data diperoleh melalui studi pustaka, dokumentasi dan arsip, observasi lapangan, dan wawancara dengan nara sumber terpilih berdasarkan kritik sumber. Hasil kajian mengungkapkan bahwa Pemilu 1977 di Sumatera Barat tidak hanya menghasilkan peningkatan perolehan suara Golkar dan kekalahan “partai oposisi” khususnya PPP, tetapi juga menandakan berlanjutnya konsolidasi rezim Orde Baru di Minangkabau. Cite this article: Israr, Zuhdi, S., Abdurakhman. (2022). The 1977 Election and Consolidation of the New Order Government in West Sumatra. Paramita: Historical Studies Journal, 32(2), 212-220. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v32i2.29705 ","PeriodicalId":30724,"journal":{"name":"Paramita Historical Studies Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43281132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}