{"title":"Optimization of P+/N junction formation using solid phase epitaxy for the 100 nm technology node and beyond","authors":"H. Graoui, A. Al-Bayati, M. Duane, R. Tichy","doi":"10.1109/IIT.2002.1258100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IIT.2002.1258100","url":null,"abstract":"P+/N diodes are fabricated using a low energy boron implant followed by solid phase epitaxial (SPE) growth at 600°C. The pre-amorphization step was done using Germanium at either 10 keV or 80 keV, both with a dose of 1 × 1015 ions/cm2. Next, boron was implanted at a range of energies from 0.5 keV to 5 keV. The sheet resistance (Rs) measurements and the secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analysis from the SPE based diodes showed very good results that meet the Junction depth and the sheet resistance requirements for the 100 nm and 70 nm technology nodes using a 10 keV Ge+ pre-amorphization and sub-keV boron implant. However, these diodes were leaky because of the end of range (EOR) defects positioned within their depletion regions. At higher boron energies (2-5 keV), the remaining EOR defects from the 10 keV germanium pre-amorphization step were positioned closer to the surface and farther from the depletion region. These diodes showed lower leakage current densities by two orders of magnitude and a breakdown voltage greater than -4 V. This highlights the strong relationship between the SPE diode characteristics and the remaining EOR position with regards to the depletion region.","PeriodicalId":305062,"journal":{"name":"Ion Implantation Technology. 2002. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122642784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Mulcahy, S. Biswas, I. Kelly, D. Kirkwood, E. Collart
{"title":"The distribution of boron and arsenic in SOI wafers implementing SIMS","authors":"C. Mulcahy, S. Biswas, I. Kelly, D. Kirkwood, E. Collart","doi":"10.1109/IIT.2002.1278881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IIT.2002.1278881","url":null,"abstract":"Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) material is becoming increasingly more important for low-power, low-voltage applications. In this study, boron (B) and arsenic (As) implanted SOI wafers have been investigated using Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS). It is shown that efficient charge compensation in the oxide layer is required to obtain dose information at the active layer/oxide interface. A variety of implant energies and annealing conditions have been studied. The results show that there is considerable \"pile-up\" of boron at the interface between the active layer and buried oxide due to preferential migration to interfacial defects following implantation and annealing processes. This \"pile-up\" is shown to be dependant on the process parameters. A similar phenomenon is not apparent in the arsenic implanted wafers studied.","PeriodicalId":305062,"journal":{"name":"Ion Implantation Technology. 2002. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123923384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of microwave radiation on boron activation","authors":"K. Thompson, J. Booske, D. Downey, E. Arevalo","doi":"10.1109/IIT.2002.1258062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IIT.2002.1258062","url":null,"abstract":"Chemically reactive impurities such as oxygen and fluorine alter the diffusion and activation kinetics of boron during the anneal process. An examination of the role these impurities play during the anneal process indicates important differences between microwave and lamp-based rapid thermal processing (RTP) for low energy implants. The most notable differences for boron diffusion behavior during microwave annealing are: the reversal of the conventional oxygen enhanced diffusion trend; a general trend of enhanced diffusion in the extreme near surface of the silicon, possibly due to the lack of high intensity optical illumination; and the ability of fluorine to eliminate these two effects.","PeriodicalId":305062,"journal":{"name":"Ion Implantation Technology. 2002. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129697319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ukyo Jeong Ukyo Jeong, S. Mehta, C. Campbell, R. Lindberg, Zhiyong Zhao Zhiyong Zhao, B. Cusson, J. Buller
{"title":"Effects of beam incident angle control on NMOS source/drain extension applications","authors":"Ukyo Jeong Ukyo Jeong, S. Mehta, C. Campbell, R. Lindberg, Zhiyong Zhao Zhiyong Zhao, B. Cusson, J. Buller","doi":"10.1109/IIT.2002.1257939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IIT.2002.1257939","url":null,"abstract":"As CMOS device technology is scaled in pursuit of ever improving circuit performance requirements, ion implant processing must meet the demands imposed by this device scaling. Control of beam incident angle on high current implanters is one unprecedented criterion imposed on modern ion implant doping technology. While other implant doping characteristics can be easily evaluated using bare wafer analysis techniques, the angular integrity of the ion beam cannot. Shadowing is one consequence of the uncontrolled beam incident angle that leads to dose inaccuracy at the microscopic scale in device regions of interest. Such effects can only be evaluated in association with their device performance. This paper describes the effects of beam incident angle control on source/drain extension (SDE) doping for a state-of-the-art CMOS transistor technology. Device characteristics were measured and analyzed to evaluate the ion beam shadowing effects at an individual device level. This paper also suggests the level of angle control required in ion implant systems based on device characterization results.","PeriodicalId":305062,"journal":{"name":"Ion Implantation Technology. 2002. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129497143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Graoui, A. Al-Bayati, A. Erlebach, C. Zechner, F. Benistant, A. Allen, P. Banks, A. Murrell
{"title":"TCAD modeling and experimental investigation of indium for advanced CMOS technology","authors":"H. Graoui, A. Al-Bayati, A. Erlebach, C. Zechner, F. Benistant, A. Allen, P. Banks, A. Murrell","doi":"10.1109/IIT.2002.1257955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IIT.2002.1257955","url":null,"abstract":"Indium is a key element in the formation of well, channel, and HALO profiles, especially for very deep sub-μm technologies with gate length below 150nm. Indium (115In+) has the advantage of being a large atom and having a small projected range. Hence ion implanted indium produces steeper profiles than boron, providing that the retrograde doping is maintained after the subsequent annealing steps. Therefore, knowledge of the diffusion behavior of indium is extremely important. In this work, Indium diffusion and dose loss are studied both experimentally and by TCAD simulation. N-type silicon wafers were capped with a 50Å thick SiO2 layer, followed by In+ implantation on an Applied Materials Quantum LEAP™ ion implanter at a range of energies from 50keV to 150keV, and at different doses from 1E13 ions/cm2 to 1E14 ions/cm2. The wafers were then annealed under different annealing conditions reflecting typical well and HALO anneal steps, and for calibration purposes. Calibration of the process simulation was done for indium implantation and diffusion, allowing us to describe Indium implantation and diffusion in general, and quantitatively for special effects such as double peak formation and dose loss. It is shown that the double peak, which appears for an Indium dose higher than 4E13/cm2 and energies higher than 50keV for selected anneal conditions, is strongly related to amorphization and defect distribution after implantation. The dose loss is diffusion limited and therefore controlled by the diffusion coefficients in the region close to the silicon surface.","PeriodicalId":305062,"journal":{"name":"Ion Implantation Technology. 2002. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131589361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"SIMS analysis of small area device samples","authors":"D. Sams, L. Wang, A. Wang, J. Sheng","doi":"10.1109/IIT.2002.1257991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IIT.2002.1257991","url":null,"abstract":"As device dimensions decrease and wafer real estate increases in value, it becomes ever more important to conserve the space dedicated to test structures. As devices become more complex, it becomes more vital to provide supporting Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) measurements. Most SIMS test structures have been designed with a minimum size dimension of 100-μm. It has been very difficult to obtain useful data on structures of smaller dimensions. In some cases appropriate test structures do not exist. We show SIMS results on areas as small as 10-μm on a side, and discuss variations in depth resolution and detection levels that are highly dependent on the instrumental setup, and on the ratio of measured area to device area.","PeriodicalId":305062,"journal":{"name":"Ion Implantation Technology. 2002. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128661358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ultra shallow junction monitoring","authors":"S. Cherekdjian, L. Nicolaides, M. Bakshi","doi":"10.1109/IIT.2002.1257987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IIT.2002.1257987","url":null,"abstract":"One of the main challenges to the scaling of CMOS devices involves the formation of ultra shallow junctions (USJ) in the source drain extension region of a transistor. This paper describes the response of a Therma-Probe™ metrology tool for the non-destructive measurement of USJ samples. Samples consisted of Boron and BF2 USJ samples fabricated with low energy implants and rapid thermal spike anneals. These junctions were measured by SIMS analysis, and their junction depths were correlated to the therma-wave signal. The thermawave response was found to be linear. The results demonstrate the ability of the Therma-Probe technique to accurately measure shallow junctions as low as 11.5nm. These types of shallow junctions are targeted around 2007, as outlined in the 2001 ITRS roadmap.","PeriodicalId":305062,"journal":{"name":"Ion Implantation Technology. 2002. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121672646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Monitoring of ion implanters using multiple dopants","authors":"R. Pong, J. Schuur, W. Weisenberger, R. Johnson","doi":"10.1109/IIT.2002.1258013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IIT.2002.1258013","url":null,"abstract":"A methodology for the monitoring and charting of the monitor results using multiple species on a single chart is demonstrated. The technique utilizes the concept of sensitivity in the correlation of the different species and the associated uniformities. The methodology permits the charting of the data in Equivalent Dose values or in Equivalent Boron Sheet Resistance values. Sheet resistance and sensitivity data for boron, arsenic, and phosphorus is presented from 1e14 to 1e16. Sensitivity is demonstrated to be the slope of the Sheet Resistance/Dose curve on a log log graph.","PeriodicalId":305062,"journal":{"name":"Ion Implantation Technology. 2002. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123819585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Henke, S. Walther, J. Weeman, T. Dirnecker, A. Ruf, A. Beyer, K. Lee
{"title":"Characterization of charging damage in plasma doping","authors":"D. Henke, S. Walther, J. Weeman, T. Dirnecker, A. Ruf, A. Beyer, K. Lee","doi":"10.1109/IIT.2002.1257973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IIT.2002.1257973","url":null,"abstract":"MOS capacitors with attached antennas of different size and shape were used to characterize the charging damage in PLAsma Doping (PLAD). Additional resist patterns offer the possibility to investigate the impact of photoresist on charging damage. This test of PLAD implants uses a number of plasma current densities and implant pulse widths to explore a wide range of process conditions. The charging damage was studied for process variations of energy, dose and duty cycles for different dopants.","PeriodicalId":305062,"journal":{"name":"Ion Implantation Technology. 2002. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127847493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Bersani, P. Lazzeri, D. Giubertoni, M. Barozzi, E. Marchi, M. Anderle
{"title":"Arsenic shallow implant characterization by magnetic sector and time of flight SIMS instruments","authors":"M. Bersani, P. Lazzeri, D. Giubertoni, M. Barozzi, E. Marchi, M. Anderle","doi":"10.1109/IIT.2002.1257990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IIT.2002.1257990","url":null,"abstract":"The progressive microelectronics downscaling requires ultra-shallow junctions (USJ) in order to produce future devices. Dynamic-SIMS (D-SIMS) has been widely used to analyse dopant implants, but at the present the USJ characterisation is one of the major challenges for SIMS (secondary ion mass spectrometry) depth profiling. In this work, SIMS depth profiles have been carried out on arsenic implants at different energies in order to evaluate the most suitable analytical conditions. Analyses have been performed using both magnetic sector and time-of-flight mass spectrometer instruments.","PeriodicalId":305062,"journal":{"name":"Ion Implantation Technology. 2002. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116784104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}