H. Lee, S. Mikkilineni, R. Knerr, M. Harris, J. Chow, P. Kopalidis, M. Ameen
{"title":"Process performance for Virtual Slot Disk/Triple Surface Disk Faraday on a multi-wafer high current ion implantation system","authors":"H. Lee, S. Mikkilineni, R. Knerr, M. Harris, J. Chow, P. Kopalidis, M. Ameen","doi":"10.1109/IIT.2002.1258035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IIT.2002.1258035","url":null,"abstract":"The process performance of a reduced area disk with a variable strike plate faraday to control cross contamination and auto-doping in multi-wafer high current ion implanters is reported. The Virtual Slot Disk (VSD)/Triple Surface Disk Faraday (TSDF) hardware combination is designed to significantly reduce surface cross contamination, while maintaining real-time dose control. The VSD reduces the surface area of the disk from which to sputter contaminants, and the TSDF dedicates strike surfaces for specific implant species to eliminate potential surface cross contamination from the faraday. Using this configuration, cross contamination of phosphorus in arsenic implants was reduced by over a factor of three compared to a solid disk assembly. A description of the basic system configuration along with the results of the process qualification is presented here. The process qualification focused on surface cross contamination, transition metals and aluminum contamination, and dosimetry performance, as measured by Rs. In addition, other items were checked (functionality, wafer cooling, charging) to ensure compliance with product specifications. A specific study of surface cross contamination during heavy phosphorus operation was done to investigate the need for dedicated tools sensitive to this type of contamination.","PeriodicalId":305062,"journal":{"name":"Ion Implantation Technology. 2002. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132514863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Bernstein, A. W. Alvarez, E. B. Benton, K. Cherukuri, C. Otten
{"title":"Characterization of boron and phosphorus surface contamination in high current ion implantation","authors":"J. Bernstein, A. W. Alvarez, E. B. Benton, K. Cherukuri, C. Otten","doi":"10.1109/IIT.2002.1257967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IIT.2002.1257967","url":null,"abstract":"Both implant equipment vendors and semiconductor manufacturers expend significant resources to reduce cross-species surface contamination. Equipment vendors continually refine their implanter designs to this end, while chipmakers may utilize in situ processes to sputter-clean beamline and process chamber surfaces during a dopant species change. This paper investigates the effectiveness of ion beam sputter processes to reduce boron and phosphorus cross-contamination. Results are compared for as-implanted wafers, and wafers that receive a post-implant plasma ash and wet clean. Additionally, device wafers are processed with varying levels of surface contamination at source-drain extension implant in order to evaluate the effects on transistor parameters.","PeriodicalId":305062,"journal":{"name":"Ion Implantation Technology. 2002. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128545040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Simmons, M. Scottney-Castle, C. Maskiell, J. Lumpkin
{"title":"Successful integration of in-situ particle monitoring into a volume 300mm high current implant manufacturing system","authors":"J. Simmons, M. Scottney-Castle, C. Maskiell, J. Lumpkin","doi":"10.1109/IIT.2002.1258004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IIT.2002.1258004","url":null,"abstract":"Reduction in cost-per-wafer is the prime motivation driving the industry-wide migration towards 300 mm. Integrated in-situ particle level monitoring (ISPM) with conventional ion implantation provides tremendous benefits in metrology cost savings, production cycle time reductions, and smoother manufacturing processing flows. In-situ particle monitoring will be crucial to optimizing process conditions and reducing the downtime/expense associated with running wafer based monitors. This includes better understanding and minimizing particle contamination; not only during the implant process, but also the influence of this contamination to down stream processes. A full integration of a particle monitor system into a volume manufacturing high current implant is described. Correlating data comparisons versus traditional metrology methods are offered to demonstrate that the sensor functions with sufficient reliability, sensitivity, and consistency that it offers a cost attractive alternative to conventional ex-situ monitor wafer practices.","PeriodicalId":305062,"journal":{"name":"Ion Implantation Technology. 2002. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on","volume":"111 3S 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131964740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Zarrug, J. Mefo, B. Sealy, G. Boudreault, C. Jeynes, R. Webb, K. Kirkby, E.J.H. Collart
{"title":"Characterization and environmental impact of plasma products within an ion implanter","authors":"H. Zarrug, J. Mefo, B. Sealy, G. Boudreault, C. Jeynes, R. Webb, K. Kirkby, E.J.H. Collart","doi":"10.1109/IIT.2002.1258043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IIT.2002.1258043","url":null,"abstract":"The way in which the plasma in the ion source interacts with the constituent elements of the source chamber can provide important insights into the plasma chemistry and may facilitate improvements in ion source design and operation. It is also an important parameter in determining the environmental impact of the implantation process. It is worth noting that less than 0.4% of the material placed into the ion source is actually implanted as a dopant into the target wafers; the rest remains as a solid residue or gaseous emission. As many of the materials used for dopant implantation are either highly toxic, pyrophoric, greenhouse gases or powerful ozone depleters, or combinations of the above it is imperative, that the extent, location and chemical composition of these residues are quantified and understood. This will enable their impact on the environment, economy and society, the three pillars of sustainable development to be assessed. In this study small pieces of silicon were placed at predetermined points within the source chamber of a commercial ion implantation system. Antimony was then run using SbF3 as the feed gas. At the end of the run the silicon samples were retrieved and analysed using Rutherford Backscattering (RBS) and ion channelling. It was found that the location of the samples influenced the elemental composition of the plasma products deposited in the source chamber. A similar experiment was also conducted for BF2+ implants using a BF3 feed gas, again the elemental composition varied with the position of the silicon samples allowing the distribution of different elements, within the plasma products, to be mapped around the source chamber.","PeriodicalId":305062,"journal":{"name":"Ion Implantation Technology. 2002. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134086394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Integrated implant-RTP process monitor using solid phase epitaxy activation","authors":"S. Mackinnon, G. Batinica, S. Clayton, O. Csanadi","doi":"10.1109/IIT.2002.1257979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IIT.2002.1257979","url":null,"abstract":"A low-cost, integrated ion implant-rapid thermal processor (RTP), SPC monitor has been developed to provide quick feedback for implant and RTP conditions critical to SPAWAR Systems Center, San Diego's (SSC San Diego) radiation hardened technologies. Low temperature solid phase epitaxy (SPE) was leveraged to achieve stable, reproducible responses at activation temperatures considerably below those used in conventional furnaces. Instabilities inherent to SPE processing required the design of experiment approach to determine implant and RTP conditions close to those used in SSC San Diego's baseline SOI technology, yet insensitive to room temperature drift (SPE-relaxation). A response methodology has been created to first isolate the cause of out-of-control signals to either the implanter or RTP system. Then, regression analyses on the response surface was used to quantify the drift in either dosimetry or temperature control.","PeriodicalId":305062,"journal":{"name":"Ion Implantation Technology. 2002. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134050000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Ishikawa, H. Tsuji, Masanori Motono, Y. Gotoh, N. Arai, K. Adachi, H. Kotaki
{"title":"Negative-ion implantation into thin SiO2 film on Si and formation of silver nanoparticles in the film","authors":"J. Ishikawa, H. Tsuji, Masanori Motono, Y. Gotoh, N. Arai, K. Adachi, H. Kotaki","doi":"10.1109/IIT.2002.1258099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IIT.2002.1258099","url":null,"abstract":"Ag nanoparticles with diameter about 3 nm were formed in center region of 50-nm-thick SiO2 thin film on Si substrate by silver negative-ion implantation. These metal nanoparticles are expected their application to single electron devices. Silver negative ions were implanted with 30 keV into a 50-nm-thick SiO2 film on Si with various doses, and with subsequent annealing. Optical reflection properties showed the formation of Ag nanoparticles in the film. The state of nanoparticles in the thin oxide film was observed by a cross-sectional scanning TEM. The sample of 1 × 1015 ions/cm2 showed nanoparticles with diameter of about 2 - 3 nm distributed in the center of the SiO2 film on Si. The location of nanoparticles was in good agreement with the calculated profile by TRIM-DYN, Various size in 4 - 8 nm in diameter of nanoparticles were formed in samples of 1 × 1016 and 1 × 1017 ionS/cm2. In the I-V characteristics measured at room temperature for the sample (1 × 1015 implanted and 700°C annealed), clear steps with voltage width of 0.10 - 0.12 V were observed. These Coulomb blockade voltages correspond to the nanoparticle with diameter of 2 - nm. This result well agreed with The TEM observation.","PeriodicalId":305062,"journal":{"name":"Ion Implantation Technology. 2002. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on","volume":"17 29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133509117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Norasetthekul, B. Guo, J. Flanagan, N. Variam, S. Mehta
{"title":"Meeting the well doping requirement of sub 100nm devices - process performance characteristics of the VIISta 3000 implanter","authors":"S. Norasetthekul, B. Guo, J. Flanagan, N. Variam, S. Mehta","doi":"10.1109/IIT.2002.1258059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IIT.2002.1258059","url":null,"abstract":"As device geometries scale, there is an Increasing requirement for a tight control of all process parameters related to doping. In order to enable the high packing density and reduced well-spacing, zero angle well implants are required. This transition is fueled by the necessity to eliminate limitations imposed by shadowing and encroachment effects stemming fro the thick photoresist mask, inherent to traditional off-axis we implants. However, the zero degree implants require a tight control of beam angles and parallelism to ensure consistent device performance across the wafer. In this paper we discuss the performance characteristics of VSEA's VIISta 3000, single-wafer parallel beam, high-energy ion implanter. The angle control and beam parallelism are demonstrated with implants over a wide energy range and for dopant applications such as well and halo implants. In addition, the reliability of VIISta 3000 from defect control perspective relevant to advanced device geometries is discussed.","PeriodicalId":305062,"journal":{"name":"Ion Implantation Technology. 2002. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133802920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Pawlak, R. Lindsay, R. Surdeanu, P. Stolk, K. Maex, X. Pagès
{"title":"Optimizing p-type ultra-shallow junctions for the 65 nm CMOS technology node","authors":"B. Pawlak, R. Lindsay, R. Surdeanu, P. Stolk, K. Maex, X. Pagès","doi":"10.1109/IIT.2002.1257928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IIT.2002.1257928","url":null,"abstract":"The limits of using B or BF2 alone in forming ultrashallow junctions have been reached for the 90 nm CMOS generation. In this paper we evaluate the use of Ge and F co-implants to extend conventional implantation and spike anneal to the 65 nm CMOS technology node. In this work we show that the F co-implant can improve the abruptness of the B junction, while the single Ge usually degrades it. The use of Ge co-implanted with F gives the best junction abruptness - less than 5nm/decade. The best trade-off between junction depth (Xj) and sheet resistance (Rsheet) is achieved by deep Ge pre-amorphization and deep co-implantation of F. A comparison between slow and fast ramp-up is made. Significant improvement for the junction activation, its depth and abruptness is obtained by spike anneal with fast ramp-up for B junctions with Ge and F co-implantation.","PeriodicalId":305062,"journal":{"name":"Ion Implantation Technology. 2002. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127921646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Mack, Robert K. Becker, M. Gwinn, D. Swenson, R. Torti, R. Roby
{"title":"Design issues in gas cluster ion beamlines","authors":"M. Mack, Robert K. Becker, M. Gwinn, D. Swenson, R. Torti, R. Roby","doi":"10.1109/IIT.2002.1258093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IIT.2002.1258093","url":null,"abstract":"The design of gas cluster ion beam (GCIB) equipment is complicated by a number of issues unique to such beams. Ion charge and mass are typically not known but instead follow rather broad distributions. Space charge becomes important at much lower current levels than in implant equipment due to the very high mass of the ions. The beam, itself, transports a significant amount of gas and this gas load must be taken into account in the design. The novel issues of GCIB are discussed here and solutions are presented.","PeriodicalId":305062,"journal":{"name":"Ion Implantation Technology. 2002. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115697060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigation of implantation-induced defects in thin gate oxides using low field tunnel currents","authors":"M. Jank, L. Frey, A. Bauer, H. Ryssel","doi":"10.1109/IIT.2002.1257972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IIT.2002.1257972","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of through the gate implantation (TGI) on MOS structures with an oxide thickness of 4.0 nm is investigated comparing implantation related trap assisted tunneling currents to leakage currents induced by electrical stress. Although the steady-state J-V characteristics show a similar behavior of the differently generated defects, trap filling experiments and electrical stress tests suggest different physical properties of either kind of defect. Also a decrease in trap generation rate with increasing TGI dose is detected, probably due to a TGI induced reduction of precursor sites for stress induced traps. As overall defect density is formed by the superposition of implantation induced and stress induced defects, this is not contradictory to a reduction of reliability with increasing TGI dose found earlier.","PeriodicalId":305062,"journal":{"name":"Ion Implantation Technology. 2002. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127078158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}