Psicogente最新文献

{"title":"Propiedades Psicométricas de la Escala de Pensamientos de Enojo para Adolescentes","authors":"R. A. Olan, Nora Hemi Campos Rivera, Verónica Reyes Pérez","doi":"10.17081/PSICO.22.42.3264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17081/PSICO.22.42.3264","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The goal of the study was to validate an Angry Thoughts Scale for Adolescents, which has three factors: revenge (4 items, e.g., “I will make the other person suffer”), insulting or pejorative thoughts (5 items, e.g., “S/he is stupid”), and thoughts of control (10 items, e.g., “I will be patient”). \u0000Method: The sample had 522 adolescents (M age = 15.92, SD = 0.90); 213 men, and 309 women from a public school; they were recruited through intentional non-random sampling. The participants answered three instruments: The Angry Thoughts Scale for Adolescents, The Multicultural Inventory of Anger and Hostility (ML-STAXI) for Mexican Adolescents, and the Scale of Anger Expression with Physical Aggression. The design of the study is instrumental. \u0000Results: It was found, through confirmatory factor analysis and modification indexes, that the 3-factor model showed good fit (CFI = .912, SRMR = .046, RMSEA = .076). The reliability (Cronbach’s Alpha) was acceptable: .78, .86, and .92, respectively. Construct validity was satisfactory, since  the scale was useful to distinguish between individuals with high and low scores in variables of anger, anger control, anger expression, and physical aggression toward people and toward objects. A gender difference was found in one of the three scales; women had more pejorative thoughts than men. \u0000Conclusion: The Angry Thoughts Scale for Adolescents is a reliable option with construct validity. It represents a starting point for research, assessment, and treatment of adolescents with anger problems.","PeriodicalId":30254,"journal":{"name":"Psicogente","volume":"23 1","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44220791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efecto de la Socialización Organizacional en el Engagement de Trabajadores Mexicanos: Claridad y Futuro","authors":"J. Calderón-Mafud, Manuel Pando-Moreno, M. L. Preciado-Serrano, C. Colunga-Rodríguez","doi":"10.17081/PSICO.23.43.3084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17081/PSICO.23.43.3084","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: not only the importance of the process of organizational socialization related to work adaptability and the development of competencies for the job role, has recently been highlighted more frequently in organi- zational behavior studies, but also a growing interest in positive states of work such as work engagement (charac- terized by vigor, dedication and absorption) and which can demonstrate the identification of the worker with the culture of the organization. \u0000Objective: to examine the effect of the domains of organizational socialization on the work engagement reported by the Mexican workers in the sample. \u0000Method: A transversal-correlational analytical study through a regression analysis with the data of the Inventory of Organizational Socialization of Taormina (1994), and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, in its Spanish version by Wilmar Schaufeli, Arnold Bakker and Salanova (2006), in 187 Mexican workers, was conducted. \u0000Results: Regression analysis showed that the combination of understanding and future prospects were integrated for the display of vigor (Beta .29, .21), absorption (Beta .23, .23) and dedication to work (Beta .34, .25) in the sample workers. It was found that the four factors of organizational socialization correlate with vigor (.35), absorption (.34) and dedication (.47).dedication. \u0000Conclusions: In the workers of the sample the understanding and the perspectives of benefits, generate effects in the vigor, the absorption and the dedication to the work. The importance of socialization in the appearance of engagement as a psychological state related to productivity and well-being at work is pointed out.","PeriodicalId":30254,"journal":{"name":"Psicogente","volume":"23 1","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47182095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La violencia urbana como fenómeno multicausal: un estudio en tres comunas de la ciudad de San Juan de Pasto","authors":"Lina María Obando Guerrero, Catalina Pérez Caicedo, Rosa Liliana Cuastumal Meneses, Edith de Lourdes Hernández Narváez","doi":"10.17081/PSICO.23.43.3269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17081/PSICO.23.43.3269","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Describe and understand the socio-environmental factors of urban violence in three communes of the city of San Juan de Pasto (Colombia). \u0000Method: Qualitative research in which participed 47 students, between 11 and 17 years old (26 women and 21 men) from three public educational institutions, 16 teachers from different subjects and 5 key community agents. The study was carried on in three communities with a low socioeconomic status,  from the city of San Juan de Pasto, Colombia. The information was obtained through focus groups and semi-structured interviews. \u0000Results: Urban violence is a multi-causal phenomenon conditioned by different factors such as the abandonment of the State to the most vulnerable communities, the inequality in the offer of development opportunities for his inhabitants, the stigma and exclusion fostered by illegal forms of social organization like gangs, which, although they satisfy certain needs in young people, also favor criminal behavior and exercise inadequate territorial control. Finally, dysfunctional family dynamics such as abuse, lack of family support and the absence of parents are risk factors that, when interacting with others, contribute to the consolidation of urban violence. \u0000Conclusions: Interventions against urban violence must ensure the presence of the State in the affected communities, through the deployment of public policies and social programs that tend to improve socio-en- vironmental conditions and empowerment. It is necessary to promote strategies to improve security and citizen coexistence, provide better employment opportunities and formal and non-formal education in which families are also included, guaranteeing the integral development of communities, especially the most vulnerable, which have been significantly affected by violence.","PeriodicalId":30254,"journal":{"name":"Psicogente","volume":"23 1","pages":"1-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41718938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptación al español de cuatro instrumentos para evaluar la teoría de la mente en niños y adolescentes","authors":"Wilmar Pineda-Alhucema, R. Rubio, Edith T. Aristizábal, J. Ossa","doi":"10.17081/PSICO.22.42.3546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17081/PSICO.22.42.3546","url":null,"abstract":"Introducción: La teoría de la mente (ToM) es una de las dimensiones de la Cognición Social más relevantes y de gran interés para la investigación en psicología del desarrollo, psicología cognitiva, neuropsicología y neurociencias sociales, así como en la labor clínica. Esto ha conllevado a la generación de instrumentos validados para la evaluación de esta función; sin embargo, en español son pocos los que hay y aún menos los adaptados para población infantil y adolescente. \u0000Objetivo: En el presente trabajo se presenta la adaptación de la Batería de la ToM, el inventario de la ToM, el Test de Paso en Falso y el Test de la Mirada, cuatro instrumentos con tareas clásicas para evaluar la ToM. \u0000Método: El proceso de adaptación se hizo en dos fases, una de traducción al español y otra de adaptación cultural. Para verificar los resultados se hizo un pilotaje para todos los instrumentos con 20 participantes en edades entre 4 y 13 años y 20 participantes entre 6 y 17 años. \u0000Resultados: Se presentan los cuatro instrumentos adaptados en español con los principales ajustes en cada uno de ellos. \u0000Discusión: Se discute sobre la importancia de generar un protocolo de valoración de la ToM haciendo una validación estadística de estos instrumentos.","PeriodicalId":30254,"journal":{"name":"Psicogente","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49655411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurociencia cognitiva social: el abordaje de la sociedad desde el funcionamiento neurocognitivo","authors":"J. Escudero","doi":"10.17081/PSICO.22.42.3547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17081/PSICO.22.42.3547","url":null,"abstract":"La comprensión de los estados emocionales, de las actitudes, de la forma como hombres y mujeres percibimos, comprendemos al otro, de lo que nos motiva, nos moviliza a la acción, nos conecta con los seres humanos y con el mundo que nos rodea, está enmarcada en lo que se conoce en la actualidad como: Neurociencia Cognitiva Social. Esta es entendida como el estudio del procesamiento de la información social y el uso que se le da a esta información, partiendo tanto de las condiciones del funcionamiento cerebral, como de la interacción social (Pineda, 2000; Pineda-Alhucema, 2016).","PeriodicalId":30254,"journal":{"name":"Psicogente","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44121012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efecto de un programa de estimulación de la conciencia fonológica en niños preescolares: sensibilidad a la rima y a la segmentación","authors":"Natalia Suárez-Yepes, Mariluz Sourdis, Soraya Lewis Harb, Carlos José De los Reyes-Aragón","doi":"10.17081/PSICO.22.42.3508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17081/PSICO.22.42.3508","url":null,"abstract":"Objetivo: La conciencia fonológica es una habilidad metalingüística que permite acceder a la estructura de la lengua oral mediante el reconocimiento y la manipulación de los elementos fonológicos del habla. Diversos estudios han sustentado la importancia de estimular las habilidades de la conciencia fonológica en niños preescolares, con el fin de mejorar la adquisición de la habilidad lectora. Sin embargo, los programas de estimulación reportados en la literatura han sido creados para niños en etapa escolar. El objetivo del presente estudio es evaluar la utilidad del programa de estimulación de la sensibilidad a la rima y a la segmentación en niños de preescolar. \u0000Método: En este estudio participaron 69 niños entre 3 y 4 años de edad de un jardín infantil de la ciudad de Barranquilla, quienes fueron divididos aleatoriamente en tres grupos (dos de estimulación y uno de lista de espera). El programa de estimulación fue realizado en sesiones grupales durante una hora y media, dos veces por semana durante nueve meses. \u0000Resultados: Los grupos que recibieron la estimulación aumentaron su habilidad para la segmentación, incluso una vez retirada la estimulación. \u0000Conclusiones: La utilidad del programa de estimulación resalta la importancia de incluir la estimulación de las habilidades de conciencia fonológica en el contexto educativo. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":30254,"journal":{"name":"Psicogente","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45779715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Apego e parentalidade sob o enfoque transcultural: uma revisão da literatura","authors":"Ana Paula Sesti Becker, Mauro Luís Vieira, Maria Aparecida Crepaldi","doi":"10.17081/PSICO.22.42.3507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17081/PSICO.22.42.3507","url":null,"abstract":"Objetivo: Analisar sistematicamente a produção científica acerca do apego e a parentalidade sob o enfoque transcultural. \u0000Método: Realizou-se o levantamento de produções indexadas, a partir de buscas em bases de dados nacionais –Scielo Brasil– e CAPES –Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior–; e internacionais –PsycINFO–, mediante os seguintes descritores: Apego OR Bowlby AND parentalidade OR“relação parental”; Attachment OR Bowlby AND Parenting OR Parenthood; e por fim, Apego OR Bowlby AND Parentalidad OR “Relaciones parentales”. Foram considerados os estudos nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol, entre o período de 2013 a outubro de 2017. Após a definição dos critérios de inclusão, os cinco artigos retidos foram analisados com base nos aspectos metodológicos (dados da amostra, tipo de abordagem, tipo de estudo e técnica de coleta de dados), e posteriormente, foram submetidos a análise semântica, da qual derivou-se duas categorias temáticas: 1) Fatores que influenciam a formação do apego e a parentalidade e 2) Apego e relações parentais. \u0000Resultados: Apontaram-se lacunas existentes no que se refere à produção científica especificamente ao tema elencado; tendo em vista a diversidade de estudos que englobam os sistemas de apego e temas transversais, como apego e desenvolvimento infantil, apego e psicopatologia, apego e maternidade, entre outros. Além disso, não foram encontrados estudos nacionais sobre a temática, assim como pesquisas transculturais a respeito. Em relação ao delineamento dos estudos encontrados, todos caracterizam-se pelo enfoque quantitativo e estudos longitudinais do tipo prospectivos - follow-up. As técnicas de coleta de dados que mais se sobressaíram foram a Entrevista de Apego Adulto (AAI), seguida da Situação Estranhaem pesquisas com amostras infantis. \u0000Conclusão: Destaca-se que a Teoria do Apego necessita estar aberta para a revisão e a consideração das dimensões relacionadas à cultura. Isso implica ajustá-la à diferentes contextos culturais, históricos e sociais. Sugere-se, portanto, o incremento de novos estudos que contemplem a formação do apego, os quais venham disseminar intervenções parentais positivas para o ciclo de vida pessoal e familiar dos sujeitos.","PeriodicalId":30254,"journal":{"name":"Psicogente","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49344665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malestar ético y desgaste emocional en profesionales que trabajan en proyectos de atención psicosocial a víctimas de violencia política en Medellín y Antioquia","authors":"Juan David Villa Gómez, Laura Arroyave Pizarro, Yirley Montoya Betancur","doi":"10.17081/PSICO.22.42.3500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17081/PSICO.22.42.3500","url":null,"abstract":"Objetivo: Este artículo se enmarca en una investigación sobre procesos de reparación e intervención psicosocial, con víctimas de violencia política y el conflicto armado en la ciudad de Medellín y otros municipios del departamento de Antioquia, ejecutados bajo la Ley 1448 de 2011. Se pretende comprender las experiencias subjetivas de malestar ético y desgaste emocional en profesionales vinculados a estos proyectos de reparación que han tenido consecuencias negativas en la población y en los profesionales. \u0000Método: Se realizó una investigación cualitativa, con enfoque fenomenológico-hermenéutico, a través de 32 entrevistas semiestructuradas y en profundidad a igual número de profesionales que laboraron en estos proyectos y manifestaron sentirse “quemados” en su trabajo con muestreo tipológico, intencional y en bola de nieve. La interpretación de resultados se realizó a partir de un análisis categorial de discurso, procediendo con un análisis de coherencia e intratextual de cada entrevista para pasar al proceso intertextual, que cruzaba el relato de todos los participantes, según categorías (Desgaste emocional/Malestar ético). \u0000Resultados: Se hizo una codificación teórica que evidenció significados compartidos y representaciones construidas, donde se identificaron dilemas éticos ante el ordenamiento tecno-burocrático, deficiencias en la calidad de la atención y acciones poco transformadoras, que generan daño, lo cual produjo malestar subjetivo y desgaste emocional en los profesionales. \u0000Conclusiones: Se hace necesario sortear las vicisitudes burocráticas de los proyectos y abrir espacios para un trabajo coherente y restaurador por parte de los profesionales, que a su vez permita el cuidado y mejores condiciones laborales. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":30254,"journal":{"name":"Psicogente","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48786019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Negative stereotypes: an analysis of Social Cognition in different ethnic groups. Social cognition of stereotypes","authors":"Diana Ramos-Oliveira, A. Pankalla","doi":"10.17081/PSICO.22.42.3501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17081/PSICO.22.42.3501","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The processes related to social cognitions contribute as a traumatic and stressful event for some ethnic and minority groups, causing a series of psychic suffering in individuals. Social cognition considered stereotypes as characteristics of a group included in its mental representation. \u0000Objective: The study was conducted to analyze the negative stereotypes in two cultures with very different history and geopolitical context, especially how stereotypes are reflected in the cognitive component of prejudiced attitudes. \u0000Method: Four hundred fifty one (N=451) undergraduate students volunteered to take part in the study, the participants came from careers in the area of Social Sciences and Humanities in the non-probabilistic sample. After receiving the information, participants completed Negative Stereotype Index. A descriptive analysis and the T-test to know the differences between the perception and self-perception of the groups. \u0000Results: Show that negative stereotype traits in Poland and Brazil, found negative stereotypic traits attributed to an out-group resulted in more unfavorable evaluations than descriptions consisting of positive attributes. In both groups, and their antecedents were associated with negative out-group attitudes, however, is a more general and more important one. \u0000Conclusion: The findings found that expectations about the out group and negative stereotypes occur in conjunction with other negative emotions, which intensify negative out-group attitudes. The assessment that the Poles made of the Germans was like that of the Brazilians of the Argentines or of a group of relatively higher status. That is, they considered the Germans as more arrogant, sincere and less modest. The different groups of people may dislike each other for similar reasons. Explanations are offered for the limitations of the study and proposal for future research.","PeriodicalId":30254,"journal":{"name":"Psicogente","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48019556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Percepciones de la enfermedad y hábitos de vida saludable en personas con enfermedades crónicas","authors":"Mariantonia Lemos, Susana Torres, I. Jaramillo, Pablo Emilio Jojoa Gómez, A. Barbosa","doi":"10.17081/PSICO.22.42.3498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17081/PSICO.22.42.3498","url":null,"abstract":"Objetivo: Evaluar las percepciones de la enfermedad que se asocian con hábitos de vida saludable en pacientes con enfermedades crónicas en Medellín y municipios aledaños. \u0000Método: Estudio prospectivo correlacional basado en la aplicación del cuestionario breve de percepciones de la enfermedad (BIPQ), cuestionario de la salud del paciente (PHQ-9), cuestionario de ansiedad generalizada (GAD-7) y un cuestionario de hábitos de vida saludable. Participaron 51 pacientes con diferentes enfermedades crónicas: migraña, cáncer de seno, diabetes, artritis reumatoide, enfermedad cardiovascular e hipertensión arterial primaria. La evaluación de los hábitos de vida saludable se llevó a cabo tres meses después. \u0000Resultados: Se encontró que en promedio los participantes comprenden su enfermedad (M = 8,09, D.T. =2,48), perciben que sus acciones (M = 7,06, D.T. = 2,79) y el tratamiento (M = 7,89, D.T. = 2,69) la controlan y que esta tiene un carácter crónico (M = 7,49, D.T. = 3,16); que hay correlaciones entre los Hábitos de vida saludables (HVS) con la percepción de consecuencias de forma negativa, y la identidad y preocupación emocional de manera positiva (p < 0,05). Además, que una relación lineal entre las consecuencias (Beta= 0,391) y la preocupación emocional por la enfermedad (Beta = 0,311) con los HVS, F (5, 45) = 2,707, p < 0,05. Las proporciones de depresión y ansiedad en la muestra fueron similares a las de la población general. \u0000Conclusiones: La percepción de que una enfermedad tiene consecuencias negativas y la preocupación por esta lleva a la implementación de comportamientos saludables.","PeriodicalId":30254,"journal":{"name":"Psicogente","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41467381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}