Desalination最新文献

{"title":"Fabrication of green xylose-based nanofiltration membrane with enhanced performance and chlorine resistance","authors":"Yumeng Xie ,&nbsp;Jing Ren ,&nbsp;Peng Liu ,&nbsp;Junfeng Zheng ,&nbsp;Zhaohuan Mai ,&nbsp;Yanyan Liu ,&nbsp;Xuewu Zhu ,&nbsp;Xin Li ,&nbsp;Daliang Xu ,&nbsp;Heng Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.118243","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.118243","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanofiltration technology has been widely used in drinking water purification due to its excellent permeance and selectivity properties, especially in small molecular solute separation. However, using oxidizing agents in the pretreatment process for fouling control threatens the nanofiltration membrane structure, leading to the deterioration of the separation performance. Herein, we fabricate a polyester nanofiltration membrane utilizing xylose as an aqueous monomer in the interfacial polymerization process. Due to abundant hydroxyl groups and low reactivity of xylose monomers, the polyester membrane possessed a hydrophilic and thin separation layer, which led to high water permeance with the optimal value of 28.7 L·m⁻²·h⁻¹·bar⁻¹. Possessing highly cross-linking structures and negatively charged surfaces, the fabricated polyester membranes showed an excellent Na₂SO₄ rejection of up to 95.4 %. In addition, the low electron-donating property of polyester membranes ensured their chemical stability toward active chlorine. This endows relatively stable performance of the polyester membrane after chlorine resistance tests in a wide pH range. This study presents a feasible approach employing green monomers for fabricating nanofiltration membranes with outstanding separation performance and robust chlorine resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"593 ","pages":"Article 118243"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142573034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimized performance of membrane-based desalination by high-throughput molecular dynamic simulations and machine learning analysis","authors":"Jinji Cao ,&nbsp;Zhaoqin Xu ,&nbsp;Mingjie Wei ,&nbsp;Lihan Li ,&nbsp;Bin Wu ,&nbsp;Yong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.118217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.118217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The influence of pore size and hydrophilicity on the permeance of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes has been mostly focused. However, their influence is hardly to be clearly identified as these two kinds of factor interfere with each other. In this work, high-throughput molecular dynamics (HTMD) simulations with CNTs are used to extensively produce the data of water permeance and NaCl rejection. These data are then analyzed by machine learning (ML) method to obtain the optimized desalination performance. The HTMD results indicate that the pressure drop has little effect on the water permeance. Moreover, rising pore size and degrading hydrophilicity will generally boost water permeance but will somehow sacrifice the NaCl rejection. The interference effect between pore size and hydrophilicity is also found in this work, the mechanism of which is then revealed from molecular level. Additionally, ML is applied to analyze the abundant data of water permeance and NaCl rejection. The optimal conditions are identified to achieve the highest water permeance with 100% NaCl rejection, which are also validated <em>via</em> additional MD simulations. This work suggests that the integration of HTMD and ML promises the future of designing new kind of RO membranes for better performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"593 ","pages":"Article 118217"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142529098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering morphological architecture of superhydrophobic/hydrophilic composite membrane for efficient photothermal membrane distillation","authors":"Qian Liu ,&nbsp;Zongjie He ,&nbsp;Jianjia Yu ,&nbsp;Lusi Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.118240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.118240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The viability and efficacy of photothermal membrane distillation (PMD) is still uncertain due to its inherent energy-efficiency and throughput mass flux limitation. Herein, we develop a delamination-free multilayer photothermal membrane that simultaneously imparts slashed mass transfer resistance, enhanced photothermal effect and strong water-repellency by engineering morphological architecture. Using a one-step programmed dual-channel electrospinning followed by an electrostatic spraying technique, the proposed membrane is composited by a thick water-intrudable hydrophilic supporting layer, a thin hydrophobic layer, and an ultrathin Ti₃C₂T_x MXene-engineered superhydrophobic layer. It is proposed that the morphological architecture engineering could render mitigation of mass transfer resistance, firm water-repellency, and robust heat localization. Hence, in addition to superior flux of 1.27 L m⁻² h⁻¹ (inlet feed/permeate at 20/20 °C) and 15.89 L m⁻² h⁻¹ (inlet feed/permeate at 50/20 °C), prominent solar efficiency (76.34 % and 96.45 %) of the proposed composite membrane (DS15-M) also was achieved during PMD operation (1.0 kW m⁻²). Moreover, the DS15-M showcased not only robust wetting resistance and long-term consistency, but also obviously mitigated temperature polarization effect during the PMD operation. This research work emphasizes the important role of morphological architecture in rendering performance enhancement, which is a significant implication in engineering membrane architecture for PMD application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"593 ","pages":"Article 118240"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142537314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on PPTA/PEMs/PA composite NF membranes for highly efficient desalination of high-saline Kevlar® brine and long-term anti-scaling performance","authors":"Jialin Wei ,&nbsp;Dinghe Yan ,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Qiao ,&nbsp;Jingwen Chu ,&nbsp;Dawei Ji ,&nbsp;Changfa Xiao ,&nbsp;Chun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.118222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.118222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It produces a large number of organic brine during the polymerization process of Kevlar®, which contains N-(1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone) (NMP) and high concentrations of CaCl₂ and NaCl. The wastewater will cause serious pollution of water and soil resources if discharged directly. The separation and recycling of inorganic salts have been an industrial difficulty. In this paper, based on the novel concept of green self-recycling, we used Poly (<em>p</em>-phenylene terephthamide) (PPTA, resin of Kevlar®) ultrafiltration membrane as the substrate, composited the loose and curled polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) as interlayers and formed a homogeneous polyamide separation layer through interfacial polymerization, from which we obtained the homogeneous reinforcement aramid composite nanofiltration (NF) membrane. The composite NF membranes with different interlayer numbers showed different advantages. For single-component brine, the retentions of PEMs-1/PA membrane were 93 % and 98.4 % for 10 g/L CaCl₂ and MgSO₄ respectively. For mixed brine of 20 g/L CaCl₂ and NaCl, the retentions of PEMs-3/PA membrane were 87.13 % and 1.05 % for CaCl₂ and NaCl respectively with the separation factor as high as 82.95. In the test of long-term service stability, PEMs-3/PA maintained stable performance in 4 cycles total of 160 h. And the permeance could almost fully recover after pure water backwash of only 0.5 h. In addition, the structural stability and anti-scaling performance of the PEMs-3/PA membrane were further verified in high-temperature brine. Surprisingly, the obtained PPTA NF membrane in this work could effectively treat the high-saline brine in the Kevlar® polymerization process and would have more promising prospects in the treatment of industrial wastewater of brine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"593 ","pages":"Article 118222"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142529123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interlayer-expanded 1T-phase MoS2 as a cathode material for enhanced capacitive deionization","authors":"Bingxue Pang ,&nbsp;Lijuan Xiang ,&nbsp;Kaiwen Wang,&nbsp;Shupei Zeng,&nbsp;Jing Guo,&nbsp;Nan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.118211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.118211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) is a potential material for capacitive deionization (CDI) electrodes due to its large surface area and theoretical capacitance. However, its low electrical conductivity and limited spacing between layers hinder the improvement of the desalination performance. In our research, we combined phase modulation and interlayer engineering methodologies to create a CDI electrode material made of metallic phase MoS₂ with expanded interlayer spacing. The high conductivity of the metallic phase facilitates rapid charge transport, while the expanded interlayer spacing (increased from 6.2 Å to 9.8 Å) promotes effective utilization of active sites and reduces the barriers for ion diffusion. The created electrode showcases a notable specific capacitance (131.1 F g⁻¹ at 10 mV s⁻¹) and an elevated capacitive contribution percentage (81 %). Additionally, it demonstrates a high desalination capacity of 47.1 mg g⁻¹ and a fast desalination rate of 2.4 mg g⁻¹ min⁻¹ in a 200 mg L⁻¹ NaCl solution. Furthermore, our density functional theory (DFT) calculations validate the essential role played by enlarged interlayer spacing in promoting Na⁺ insertion and accelerating its diffusion kinetics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"593 ","pages":"Article 118211"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perylene diimide-derived supramolecules-modified graphene sponge as a high-efficiency solar steam generator","authors":"Elif Erçarıkcı ,&nbsp;Demet Demirci Gültekin ,&nbsp;Ezgi Topçu ,&nbsp;Züleyha Kudaş ,&nbsp;Murat Alanyalıoğlu ,&nbsp;Kader Dağcı Kıranşan","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.118237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.118237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Generating steam using solar energy appears to be an effective approach to obtaining clean water, especially from salty water and wastewater, since the sun is a natural and constant source. Compared to many methods, studies in solar steam generation have accelerated due to being highly efficient, sustainable, and low-cost. Graphene sponges (GrSs), possessing structural flexibility and effective photothermal activity, are widely used for this purpose. However, the hydrophobic character of these materials limits their effectiveness in solar steam generators. At this point, we prepared perylene diimide-derived supramolecules (PDI) modified three-dimensional (3D) gradient hydrophobic GrS (PDI/GGrS) as the highly efficient solar thermal converter for the generation of clean water. PDI allowed us to achieve perfect absorption of broad-band sunlight and GGrS facilitated water transport through channels of sponge structure. As a result, PDI/GGrS has achieved a high water evaporation rate of 3.5 kg h⁻¹ m⁻² with a superior solar thermal conversion efficiency of up to 90 %. This study can provide new possibilities for harvesting solar energy by producing clean water from seawater, wastewater, and even acidic/alkali solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"593 ","pages":"Article 118237"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142529100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable approach for selective lithium recovery: Capacitive deionization integrated with novel LMO flow-electrode","authors":"Hyuncheal Lee ,&nbsp;Jihun Lim ,&nbsp;Hayoung Lee ,&nbsp;Seungkwan Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.118224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.118224","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reusing materials from discarded batteries offers an environmentally friendly approach to lithium ion(Li⁺) recovery. Therefore, in this study, flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) was employed using lithium manganese oxide (LMO) from spent batteries to selectively recover Li⁺ from leachate. The Li⁺ selectivity of LMO enabled effective recovery from waste solutions containing various ionic substances. Delithiation of the LMO to produce λ-MnO₂ enhanced its Li⁺ adsorption capacity. Successful synthesis was confirmed through field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses, while BET analysis validated the suitability of the process for Li⁺ intercalation and deintercalation. XPS analysis confirmed the presence of Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, and Li⁺ in the electrode material at each stage, verifying the successful adsorption and recovery. CV and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analyses showed lower charge transfer resistance and higher ionic conductivity for the λ-MnO₂ electrode as compared to activated carbon (AC), indicating its superior electrochemical performance. The λ-MnO₂-based FCDI system outperformed the AC-based system; its removal rate was 3.08 times higher, specific energy consumption (SEC) was 2.6 times lower, and average salt adsorption rate (ASAR) was 5.1 times greater. Adsorption and recovery experiments indicated higher selectivity for Li⁺ ions as compared to Co²⁺ and Ni²⁺ ions, further highlighting the superior performance of the λ-MnO₂ based system. In conclusion, the λ-MnO₂ electrode, recycled from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), is not only an excellent material for high-efficiency and selective lithium recovery via the FCDI process, but also holds the potential to revolutionize sustainable lithium recovery technologies. This study is a significant step towards addressing the climate crisis, promoting environmental protection, and conserving our valuable resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"593 ","pages":"Article 118224"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142529128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jellyfish–mimetic solar evaporator with polyelectrolyte skeleton for sustainable desalination under higher salinity","authors":"Shan Zhai ,&nbsp;Fang Yu ,&nbsp;Naila Arshad ,&nbsp;Suji Huang ,&nbsp;Junyang Tao ,&nbsp;Changwen Li ,&nbsp;Liangyou Lin ,&nbsp;Jingwen Qian ,&nbsp;Muhammad Sultan Irshad ,&nbsp;Xianbao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.118209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.118209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photothermal membranes have seen significant advancements in the field of solar seawater desalination. However, their practical application is hindered by solid-salt crystallization, which results in reduced evaporation rates. Herein, an “all–in–one” anionic jellyfish–mimetic solar evaporator is reported with sustainable condensate yields and electrostatic repulsion to prevent solid–salt crystallization. The innovative structure is composed of the jellyfish–mimetic photothermal head (in–situ grown nanospheres of Prussian blue analogue and molybdenum disulfide (PBA@MoS₂)) while polyelectrolyte legs (water channels) enriched with SO₃⁻ groups by polystyrene sodium sulfonate (PSS). The negatively charged evaporator was characterized by a high concentration of SO₃⁻, which induces the Donnan effect by confining Na⁺ to the microchannels. This process reduces the diffusion of salt ions into the water supply layer, thereby addressing the issue of salt deposition at its fundamental level. As a result, a high evaporation rate of 1.89 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ was achieved in high–concentration brine (20 wt% NaCl) under one sun irradiation. More importantly, the evaporator achieves high condensate yields (15.7 g/10 h) under natural sunlight and demonstrates excellent reproducibility in evaporation rates over 20 performance cycles on different days, even with a salinity of 20 wt%. The efficient evaporation efficiency and high salt tolerance present significant practical potential for solar–driven seawater desalination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"593 ","pages":"Article 118209"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142529129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Capacitive lithium capture system using a mixed LiMn2O4 and LiAlO2 material","authors":"Tasneem Elmakki ,&nbsp;Sifani Zavahir ,&nbsp;Ho Kyong Shon ,&nbsp;Guillermo Hijós Gago ,&nbsp;Hyunwoong Park ,&nbsp;Dong Suk Han","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.118195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.118195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing demand for lithium (Li), a crucial material in various industries, requires efficient recovery methods and a shift toward a circular economy. This study investigates a fast, eco-friendly technique for selective Li recovery, emphasizing the use of innovative materials from spent Li-ion batteries (SLiBs), particularly LiMn₂O₄(LMO)/LiAlO₂(LAO)-based materials, to enhance Li's circular economy. Conventional Li recovery methods typically involve prolonged processes with chemical additives and environmental concerns, whereas electrochemical systems like membrane-based capacitive deionization (MCDI) offer promising high removal capacities, regeneration ability, and scalability. However, no commercial electrochemical Li recovery system underscores the need for continued research to improve their performance. This study employs MCDI for selective Li recovery, examining various electrode materials, including commercial activated carbon, LMO-based electrodes, and modified LMO/LAO-based electrodes. The mixed LiMn₂O₄/LiAlO₂ cathode exhibited high selectivity for Li⁺ extraction with a recovery efficiency of 83.1 %, achieving a deionization capacity of 38.15 mg/g at 1.0 V under an initial feed concentration of 5 mM LiCl. The Li⁺ adsorption reached 900 μmol/g, with a separation factor (<span><math><msubsup><mi>α</mi><msup><mi>Mg</mi><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><msup><mi>Li</mi><mo>+</mo></msup></msubsup><mo>)</mo></math></span> of 3.77 (C_Mg²⁺/C_Li⁺ = 1), setting a robust foundation for a comprehensive Li recovery framework that meets the increasing Li demand while minimizing environmental impact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"593 ","pages":"Article 118195"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silk-based polyelectrolyte evaporator with excellent salt resistance for high-rate and stable solar desalination","authors":"Shengnan Ouyang ,&nbsp;Maomao Zhai ,&nbsp;Zhongyuan Wen ,&nbsp;Shouwei Zhang ,&nbsp;Kunkun Zhu ,&nbsp;Jinfeng Wang ,&nbsp;Jinming Zhang ,&nbsp;Qingtao Liu ,&nbsp;Xungai Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.118234","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2024.118234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar-driven interfacial evaporation technology is a promising solution to solve global freshwater shortages through desalination. However, salt accumulation in the evaporator affects light absorption and reduces evaporation efficiency, thereby significantly reducing the service life and operating efficiency of the evaporator. Herein, we propose a strategy for sustainable salt resistance that enables strong salt resistance and rapid water delivery by in situ polymerization of sodium acrylate (PAAS) on the directional channel. As a result, the as-prepared SF/rGO@PAAS can achieve a high evaporation rate of up to 2.31 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ and high evaporation efficiency of up to 98% under one sun, benefiting from the inherent hydrophilicity of silk fibroin (SF), the directional channel design of water transport layer, and the efficient solar light absorption in full spectrum of reduced graphene oxide (rGO). More importantly, due to the electrostatic effect of PAAS, the evaporator showed excellent salt resistance, with no salt precipitation for 5 days of continuous evaporation in simulated seawater (3.5 wt%) while maintaining the high evaporation rate. This salt resistant evaporator provides an effective solution to the salt accumulation and addresses a key challenge in sustainable desalination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"593 ","pages":"Article 118234"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142529126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}