Desalination最新文献

{"title":"High-vacuum multi-effect desalination system with barometric ejector-condensation for simultaneous water and cooling production","authors":"C.A. Casares-De la Torre ,&nbsp;N. Velázquez-Limón ,&nbsp;R. López-Zavala ,&nbsp;J. Ríos-Arriola ,&nbsp;G.E. Dévora-Isiordia ,&nbsp;S. Islas-Pereda ,&nbsp;J.A. Aguilar-Jiménez","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2026.119908","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2026.119908","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper evaluates the technical feasibility of a desalination system for the simultaneous production of water and cooling, developed from a novel high-vacuum multi-effect distillation (MED-HV) system (28.3–0.8 kPa). The innovation lies in leveraging the operating conditions to use the product water directly as a refrigerant. The system integrates a barometric ejector-condenser and a three-way valve that regulates the product water flow to an evaporator, allowing the cooling capacity to be adjusted according to demand. The study was conducted in Aspen Plus and validated with experimental results reported in the literature. The MED-HV system achieves a water production of 96.03 m³/d and a cooling capacity of 700 TR (2460 kW). The effect of cooling capacity variation on the ejector-condenser performance and the system's global indicators was analyzed. Compared to commercial desalination and cooling technologies operating in a hybrid manner, the proposed system achieves a Global Coefficient of Performance (COP_G) of 9.22 —20.73% higher— and accomplishes a 17.15% reduction in global specific energy consumption, for both desalination (SEC_{G_D}: 127.15 kWh/m³) and cooling (SEC_{G_C}: 0.73 kWh/TR). These results confirm the potential of the proposed system to efficiently and simultaneously meet water and space conditioning needs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"625 ","pages":"Article 119908"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seed-growth-inspired N-CNTs confining Fe/Fe3C on carbon fibers for stable and selective capacitive dechlorination","authors":"Xuewen Qu ,&nbsp;Chulei Zhao ,&nbsp;Yulong Sui ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Wang ,&nbsp;Jiao Yin ,&nbsp;Anjie Liu ,&nbsp;Liping Yang ,&nbsp;Hui Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2026.119932","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2026.119932","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Iron-based materials have presented as promising capacitive dechlorination electrodes due to their low cost, resource abundance, environmental friendliness and satisfactory pseudocapacitive reaction mechanism. However, the undesired dissolution phenomena during cycling brings about the secondary environmental pollution and the irreversible capacity loss inevitably. Herein, inspired by the process of “seed-growth in soil”, nanosized Fe/Fe₃C particles (as “seeds”) are rooted and surrounded by nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (CNTs, as “plants”) onto the cotton-derived carbon matrix (as “soil”) through an interfacial catalysis approach. Combining the electrostatic desalination from the hierarchical porosity and the pseudocapacitive contribution from the Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ redox reaction and the heteroatom doping, the optimized BC-Fe/Fe₃C@CNTs delivers a high capacity of 69.12 mg·g⁻¹ at a voltage of 1.0 V, superior to that of other iron-based materials until now. In addition, the integrated formation of the Fe<img>N bonds and the graphitic shell suppresses the dissolution of Fe/Fe₃C seeds effectively, guaranteeing a satisfactory cycling stability (a capacity retention of 78% for 150 cycles). Most impressively, the obtained material exhibits a dechlorination capacity of 20 mg·g⁻¹ in actual coal chemical wastewater, featuring outstanding chloride ion selectivity in both single-component systems and mixed ion competitions, and stability within a wide pH range of 3 to 11. This seeded growth strategy provides a simple and practical approach to achieve high dechlorination capacity, fast kinetic performance, and long-term cycling stability for advanced water purification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"625 ","pages":"Article 119932"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Cl−/SO42− separation with conductive nanofiltration membranes under voltage-induced electrostatic repulsion and ionic dehydration","authors":"Jiajin Hao,&nbsp;Zhijun Yan,&nbsp;Miaolu He,&nbsp;Xinyue Zhang,&nbsp;Xudong Wang,&nbsp;Jin Wang,&nbsp;Junwei Xin,&nbsp;Siyu Hu,&nbsp;Huihui Zhang,&nbsp;Lei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2026.119947","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2026.119947","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Achieving high-selectivity Cl⁻/SO₄²⁻ separation is crucial for water treatment and salt resource recovery. This study aims to precisely regulate ion transport in conductive nanofiltration membranes via in situ applied voltage, thereby overcoming the limitations of conventional separation performance. A conductive NF membrane was fabricated by intercalating glycine-modified graphene oxide (GO) into a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) matrix. Under an applied voltage of 2.0 V, the membrane exhibited pronounced voltage-responsive separation performance for Cl⁻/SO₄²⁻, achieving a separation factor of 25.1. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, DLVO analysis confirmed that the applied voltage selectively enhances electrostatic repulsion toward Na₂SO₄ at the membrane surface, thereby increasing its rejection, while the effect on NaCl is comparatively limited. Activation energy analysis based on the Arrhenius equation further quantified this difference, revealing that the voltage not only increases the transmembrane energy barrier of Na₂SO₄ but also partially compensates the dehydration energy barrier of Na⁺, thus reducing the transport resistance of NaCl. Finally, molecular dynamics simulations revealed voltage-induced ionic dehydration, highlighting its critical role in enhancing ion sieving. Overall, this work expands the understanding of smart NF membrane technologies, offering promising potential for applications in water purification and resource recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"625 ","pages":"Article 119947"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atypical temperature-dependent ammonium adsorption on co-pyrolyzed biochars: Low-temperature enhancement via cation exchange","authors":"Xiang-Ying Chuang ,&nbsp;Tsung-Yu Wu ,&nbsp;Dinh Ngoc Giao Ngo ,&nbsp;Duu-Jong Lee ,&nbsp;Chihpin Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2026.119909","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2026.119909","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High pyrolysis temperatures generally improve the adsorption performance of biomass-derived biochars. However, sludge-derived biochars frequently deviate from this trend due to their rich mineral composition and distinct inorganic transformations during thermal processing. This study investigated the ammonium removal performance of biochars produced via the co-pyrolysis of two distinct sewage sludges (TSS and KSS) with water chestnut shells (WCS) at 300 and 500 °C. Results demonstrated that co-pyrolyzed high-ash KBC produced at a lower pyrolysis temperature (300 °C) exhibited superior ammonium adsorption (2.33 mg NH₄⁺–N/g) compared to that produced at a higher temperature (500 °C). This atypical behavior was primarily governed by cation exchange capacity (CEC), which was influenced by inherent mineral phases and exchangeable cations (Mg²⁺, Na⁺, and K⁺) originating from the sludge matrix. Despite the presence of negatively charged surfaces and mineral-associated interactions in biochars produced at 500 °C, the loss of acidic functional groups and inorganic phase transformation reduced the overall adsorption capacity. These findings highlighted that for mineral-rich sewage sludge, the interplay between pyrolysis temperature and inorganic composition was critical in determining ammonium removal performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"625 ","pages":"Article 119909"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activation of permanganate(VII) with percarbonate for enhanced oxidation of ciprofloxacin: Sustained generation of manganese intermediates","authors":"Xiang Li ,&nbsp;Lei Fu ,&nbsp;Hui Wu ,&nbsp;Aiju You ,&nbsp;Pengcheng Yao ,&nbsp;Yufei Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2026.119912","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2026.119912","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Permanganate (Mn(VII)) has gained increasing attention as a potent oxidant in wastewater treatment. Nevertheless, its relatively limited reactivity toward certain recalcitrant micropollutants has restricted its widespread application in environmental remediation. This study proposes a novel strategy that couples Mn(VII) with sodium percarbonate (SPC) to enhance its oxidative performance, demonstrating a pronounced synergistic effect in the degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP). Mechanistic investigations revealed that SPC activated Mn(VII) to generate Mn(III), while the in situ-formed MnO₂ simultaneously served as an effective catalyst that further promoted Mn(VII)-mediated oxidation pathways. Moreover, the gradual release of low concentrations of H₂O₂ from SPC decomposition significantly improved the utilization efficiency of both H₂O₂ and metastable manganese intermediates, thereby ensuring high degradation efficacy. Reaction pathway analysis indicated that CIP transformation primarily proceeded through oxidation and aromatic ring cleavage. In addition, the acute toxicity of CIP was reduced after treatment in the SPC-Mn(VII) process, exhibiting detoxification performance compared to Mn(VII) alone. Importantly, the coupled system also demonstrated the tolerance against interference from common aqueous matrix constituents, maintaining efficient CIP removal in real wastewater. Overall, this work introduces an effective catalytic activation strategy to improve Mn(VII) reactivity and provides fundamental mechanistic insights to inform the design of Mn(VII)-based advanced oxidation processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"625 ","pages":"Article 119912"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating bionic water collecting fabric and 3D hydrogel for significantly enhanced solar-driven interfacial evaporation condensation performance","authors":"Qiao Li,&nbsp;Dairong Chen,&nbsp;Xiuling Jiao","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2026.119946","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2026.119946","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar-driven interfacial evaporation technology emerges as a promising solution for sustainable freshwater production. Recent advancements have focused on optimizing photothermal materials' optical absorption, thermal conversion efficiency, and water transport properties to enhance evaporation performance. However, practical applications of evaporation-based systems often face challenges due to inefficient steam condensation and high internal humidity, which reduce overall efficiency and scalability. This study addresses these challenges through an innovative dual-step approach. First, a transparent hydrophilic coating was developed to minimize light refraction and scattering caused by water droplets, thereby improving light utilization efficiency. Second, inspired by natural structures such as spider silk and cactus, a novel composite biomimetic fog collection structure was designed to rapidly condense and remove water vapor, effectively reducing internal humidity. The integration of a three-dimensional (3D) porous hydrogel evaporator and a super-hydrophilic Al₂O₃/ZnO/PE fiber membrane resulted in a novel interfacial evaporation water collection device. Experimental results demonstrated a 12.20% reduction in internal humidity and a 10.66% increase in collection efficiency compared to traditional systems. Additionally, a hydrophilic SiO₂ coating further suppressed light scattering, achieving 87% light utilization efficiency. This innovative design successfully collected approximately 15.32 kg m⁻² of freshwater over 8 h under 1-Sun irradiation, showcasing its potential to address critical challenges in solar desalination technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"625 ","pages":"Article 119946"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green recovery of low-concentration lithium from high-temperature geothermal fluids","authors":"Junmin Wu ,&nbsp;Wenzhe Chen ,&nbsp;Kuo Lei ,&nbsp;Qin Wang ,&nbsp;Yingchun Xie ,&nbsp;Zhenzhen Jiang ,&nbsp;Yafei Guo ,&nbsp;Tianlong Deng ,&nbsp;Xiaoping Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2026.119945","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2026.119945","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Geothermal fluids represent a novel source of liquid lithium resources, but extracting lithium from such sources is challenging due to their inherent high-temperature and low-concentration characteristics. Herein, a high-temperature-resistant inorganic composite specifically for lithium extraction from geothermal fluids was developed. By leveraging a high-temperature conversion mechanism, <em>β</em>-Li₂TiO₃ with enhanced adsorption properties for low-concentration lithium was synthesized in a controllable and large-scale manner. Because using AlOOH·nH₂O as the precursor for Al₂O₃ enables the preparation of <em>β</em>-Al₂O₃ without inducing a crystal phase transformation in <em>β</em>-Li₂TiO₃. It allows an in situ conversion procedure to produce <em>β</em>-Al₂O₃-supported <em>β</em>-Li₂TiO₃ (Li₂TiO₃/<em>β</em>-Al₂O₃) with high thermal stability and a large specific surface area. To achieve granulation of the highly viscous AlOOH·nH₂O slurry containing <em>β</em>-Li₂TiO₃, a droplet-forming device equipped with a high-pressure pneumatic metering pump was further designed and constructed, by which the large-scale preparation of Li₂TiO₃/<em>β</em>-Al₂O₃ was accomplished. Investigation into the adsorption mechanism and kinetics of Li₂TiO₃/<em>β</em>-Al₂O₃ revealed that lithium uptake is primarily driven by <em>β</em>-Li₂TiO₃, and elevated temperatures favor the extraction process. When applied to a high-temperature (353 K) geothermal fluid containing low-concentration lithium (25.85 mg·L⁻¹), an adsorption capacity of 22.92 mg·g⁻¹ with more than 90% recovery rate was achieved. Because of the minimal environmental impact, this method offers a promising strategy for sustainable lithium extraction from geothermal fluids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"625 ","pages":"Article 119945"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel approaches for quantitative assessments of wetting development in membrane distillation based on optical coherence tomography","authors":"Nurul F. Himma ,&nbsp;Harald Horn ,&nbsp;Florencia Saravia ,&nbsp;Michael Wagner","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2026.119913","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2026.119913","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been considered as a non-invasive imaging tool to provide real-time, local information of wetting in membrane distillation (MD). However, the follow-up research question is how to quantitatively assess the localized wetting development in order to prevent system failure. This study aims to develop a quantification method based on the changes in the intensity distribution within OCT three-dimensional datasets (volume scan, C-scans). The achieved maps elucidate the wetting depth (e.g., wetting progress) across the membrane area in various cases. Severe wetting with homogeneous and heterogeneous distribution, and even subtle wetting have been quantified successfully. Results indicate that an increase in the volume of wetted membrane (expressed as the wetting ratio) does not necessarily correspond to an increase in the membrane area that is fully wetted (expressed as fully-wetted fraction), revealing the limiting parameter for deterioration in condensate quality. Additionally, the underlying mechanism governing the wetting behavior was also discussed based on the quantified wetting parameters. This OCT-based method would be helpful to investigate wetting not only for MD but also potentially for other membrane processes involving two-phase flow such as gas–liquid membrane contactors and membrane biofilm reactors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"625 ","pages":"Article 119913"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined brine concentration and crystallization using air gap diffusion distillation for high-salinity desalination","authors":"Walter P. Parker Jr. ,&nbsp;Jordan D. Kocher ,&nbsp;Michael J. Adams ,&nbsp;Taekyu Kim ,&nbsp;Akanksha K. Menon","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2026.119921","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2026.119921","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conventional desalination technologies have low water recoveries, consume high-grade energy, and require substantial pretreatment and maintenance. To address this, we introduce a combined brine concentrator and crystallizer based on Air Gap Diffusion Distillation (AGDD) that operates without membranes or tube bundles that are prone to scaling or corrosion. A counterflow heat exchanger design is used for latent heat recovery (which minimizes external energy needed), and film-wise evaporation occurs on patterned polymeric heat transfer surfaces (which kinetically hinders salt precipitation and minimizes interfacial adhesion). These design characteristics are leveraged in a bench-scale prototype to demonstrate brine concentration from 7 to 20 wt% (minimal liquid discharge with 70% water recovery), which produces permeate of potable water quality. Further concentration to saturation conditions at 26 wt% demonstrates zero liquid discharge (ZLD), with effective removal of precipitated salts from the evaporator surface. This highlights AGDD's ability to transform brine into freshwater and a source for minerals recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"625 ","pages":"Article 119921"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acetic acid reconstructed polyamide nanofiltration membrane for cephalexin solution separation","authors":"Zhonghua Li ,&nbsp;Jinzhong Liu ,&nbsp;Yuandong Jia ,&nbsp;Wu Xiao ,&nbsp;Xiangcun Li ,&nbsp;Xuemei Wu ,&nbsp;Tiantian Li ,&nbsp;Gaohong He ,&nbsp;Xiaobin Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2026.119907","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2026.119907","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The trade-off between permeability and selectivity remains a major challenge in developing nanofiltration membranes for the treatment of antibiotic-contaminated wastewater. Herein, we present an acetic acid activation method to reconstruct the morphology and pore size of polyamide membranes. The acetic acid induces swelling of the polyamide network and dissolves oligomers, thereby generating additional free volume, and creating new interconnections within the polymer matrix. This process simultaneously reduces the thickness of the selective layer from 81.6 nm to 40.8 nm while maintaining its structural integrity. Molecular simulations reveal a strong affinity between acetic acid and polyamide chains, which drives polymer swelling and increases free volume. Following treatment with dilute acetic acid, the water permeance of the polyamide membrane increased from 15.9 L·m⁻²·h⁻¹·bar⁻¹ to 21.5 L·m⁻²·h⁻¹·bar⁻¹. This work outlines a potential approach to fabricating high-flux nanofiltration membranes, enabling efficient antibiotics separation and sustainable wastewater purification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"624 ","pages":"Article 119907"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}