Desalination最新文献

{"title":"Concentrating Ni, Co, and Mn ions with graphene nanoribbon membrane for spent lithium-ion battery recycle: Combined experimental and techno-economic study","authors":"Jiwon Kim ,&nbsp;Jong Hyup Lee ,&nbsp;Jongdu Choi ,&nbsp;Jeong Pil Kim ,&nbsp;Ju Yeon Kim ,&nbsp;Junhyeok Kang ,&nbsp;Junghwan Kim ,&nbsp;Dae Woo Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118925","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118925","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing demand for lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) driven by the rapid growth of the electric vehicle market is leading to the problem of end-of-life battery disposal, which greatly increases the need for efficient rare metal recycling of waste batteries. Ion enrichment using a membrane has a potential to improve the efficiency of the recycling process, resulting in low energy and cost consumption compared with conventional rare metal recovery methods. In this work, graphene oxide nanoribbon (GONR), synthesized by oxidizing multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT), was thermally annealed <em>via</em> hot-pressing to fabricate graphene nanoribbon (GNR) membranes. GNR membranes exhibit narrow and stable interlayer spacing, effectively inhibiting divalent ion permeation while maintaining water transport channels. Ion enrichment experiments demonstrated that GNR membranes are effective in concentrating the ionic solutions <em>via</em> forward osmosis (FO) process with a water flux of 1 LMH (L m⁻² h⁻¹) and water/ion selectivity of 10,500. The economic feasibility of the FO system in LIB recycle process was evaluated, showing a total annualized cost (TAC) reduction of 71.7 % and 14.3 % compared to the evaporation and reverse osmosis systems, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"611 ","pages":"Article 118925"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of structural parameters on cavitation performance of a novel counter-rotating hydrodynamic cavitation reactor for seawater pre-treatment","authors":"Licheng Xue ,&nbsp;Wanlong Ren ,&nbsp;Jinhan Liu ,&nbsp;Gang Liu ,&nbsp;Yue Wang ,&nbsp;Haiyan Bie ,&nbsp;Zongrui Hao","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118927","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118927","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new seawater pretreatment method based on hydrodynamic cavitation technology applied to seawater reverse osmosis desalination was proposed, based on which a counter-rotating hydrodynamic cavitation reactor (HCR) was designed. A combination of high-speed camera experiments and numerical simulations was used to investigate the flow characteristics of cavitation within the counter-rotating HCR. It is found that the cavitation at the tip of the oblique-tooth rotor was accompanied by wake vortex shedding during the development and evolution. Besides, the effects of structural parameters of the cavitation-inducing key components, the oblique-tooth rotor and the flat-tooth rotor, on the cavitation performance were investigated in detail. The cavitation generation efficiency was analyzed for various interaction gaps of the rotor, the number of grooves of the flat-tooth rotor, and the inclination angle of the oblique-tooth rotor. The results show that the counter-rotating HCR with an interaction gap of 1 mm, a groove number of 13, and an inclination angle of 8°-8° obtained the optimal cavitation performance. Finally, the disinfection performance of counter-rotating HCR was evaluated by <em>E. coli</em> inactivation experiment. It is found that the cavitation device has high disinfection performance. Moreover, the inactivation effect of free radicals on <em>E. coli</em> was weak, while the strong shear stress caused by cavitation collapse mainly damaged the cell structure of <em>E. coli</em>, which was also verified by Scanning Electron Microscope.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"610 ","pages":"Article 118927"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143851719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of solar photovoltaic to the decarbonization of wastewater treatment plants in China","authors":"Ranbin Liu ,&nbsp;Yanping Qiao ,&nbsp;Huanlun Zhang ,&nbsp;Maokun Lv ,&nbsp;Xiaodi Hao","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118935","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118935","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the decarbonization of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) progresses, leveraging photovoltaic (PV) systems to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has received increasing attention. This study is, for the first time, to comprehensively summarize and analyze the deployment of PV + WWTPs. Since 2019, hundreds of PV + WWTP projects have been built and are currently in operation nationwide, with the majority located in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. According to 31 case projects, the adoption of PV systems can, on average, supply about 20 % of the electricity required annually. As a result, they achieved an average GHG emission reduction of 11 %. This performance is strongly correlated with the panel coverage and local solar radiation. Regarding economic performance, the initial investment of PV systems is high but can be recovered, on average, within 7 years, resulting in a marginal abatement cost of −30 $/t CO_2-eq. Overall, the contribution of PV systems to emission reduction in the water sector is limited, despite the economic advantages. As PV at WWTPs is projected to increase, a critical evaluation and feasibility analysis are strongly recommended in future planning. Most importantly, the adverse environmental impacts of PV, particularly during the disposal stage, should also be considered.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"611 ","pages":"Article 118935"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coupled multi-physics simulation and experimental study of dynamic seawater freezing under volumetric driving forces","authors":"Xingxiang Xie ,&nbsp;Yangui Chen ,&nbsp;Leyang Dai ,&nbsp;Lijie Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118924","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118924","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Off-grid islands face energy and freshwater shortages, and integrating seawater desalination with ice thermal storage can efficiently utilize seawater resources, optimize energy storage, and improve energy efficiency. However, current seawater freezing models often neglect the coupled effects of natural convection on the phase, concentration, and temperature fields, leading to discrepancies in ice crystal morphology and growth rates. This study integrates the phase field model with computational fluid dynamics (CFD), accounting for the impact of temperature and concentration gradients on the flow field. An improved high-precision numerical model for seawater freezing is developed and validated using dynamic freezing experiments on a micro-scale platform under varying salinities and supercooling. Results show that the improved model accurately predicts seawater dendrite morphology under different conditions, with simulation results closely matching experimental observations. Predictions of the effects of supercooling and initial salinity on water volume fraction align with experimental data, with deviations of 10 % for supercooling and 25 % for initial salinities of 3.5 % and 5.0 %. Compared to existing models, the improved model achieves a 70 % increase in accuracy and captures both longitudinal growth and transverse branching of dendrites, providing a more realistic representation of dendrite growth. The study also reveals that higher initial salinity increases the number of dendrite branches, narrows their widths, and decreases their growth height. Ice growth rates increase by 10–14 % for every 1 °C decrease in initial temperature, while each 1 % increase in salinity reduces ice growth by about 6 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"611 ","pages":"Article 118924"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143870139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recycling metal ions from hot-dip galvanizing wastewater to high-value MOFs: From removal of environmental disturbance via hydrothermal to metal resources","authors":"Yi He ,&nbsp;Huan Xiong ,&nbsp;Bifang Zheng,&nbsp;Li Li,&nbsp;Shujie Wang,&nbsp;Shuangqin Tian,&nbsp;Lihong Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118923","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118923","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heavy metal ion pollution in industrial wastewater poses significant threats to human health and the environment. In this study, hot-dip galvanizing wastewater was successfully converted into high-value metal–organic framework (MOF) materials (i.e., Fe-BTC-R and Zn-BTC-R; BTC = benzenetricarboxylic acid), and the restorative capabilities of these materials were evaluated using three dyes, namely methylene blue (MB), malachite green (MG), and crystal violet (CV). For the Fe-BTC-R material, the adsorption capacities of MB and MG were 803.03 and 475.12 mg/g, respectively, while for the Zn-BTC-R material, adsorption capacities of 1798.2 and 381.79 mg/g were obtained for CV and MG, respectively. These results indicate that the adsorption performance of both materials is superior to most conventional adsorbent materials. Furthermore, theoretical calculations and experiments suggested that the mechanism of dye adsorption could be attributed to the synergistic effects of electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding, and π–π interactions. Finally, the photocatalytic performances of the materials were simply evaluated using three dyes. Overall, our study not only provides an effective strategy for managing heavy metal salt pollution in wastewater but also contributes to achieving the goals of resource recovery and dye treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"611 ","pages":"Article 118923"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143859481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of real-time hybrid nanofiltration/reverse osmosis seawater desalination plant performance based on deep learning application","authors":"Fahad Jibrin Abdu ,&nbsp;Sani I. Abba ,&nbsp;Jamilu Usman ,&nbsp;Abubakar Bala ,&nbsp;Mahmud M. Jibril ,&nbsp;Feroz Shaik ,&nbsp;Isam H. Aljundi","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118918","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118918","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The advancements brought by Artificial Intelligence (AI) have revolutionized various research domains in solving highly dynamic and complex problems such as desalination. Recently, there has been a growing trend toward modeling the effectiveness of the hybrid nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) of desalination. In this study, we develop a deep learning (DL)-based approach to model the performance of hybrid NF/RO desalination plants based on permeate conductivity (PC), permeate flow rate (PF), and permeate recovery (PR). For this purpose, three configurations of a convolutional neural network (CNN), recurrent neural network (RNN), and relevance vector machine (RVM) were designed to achieve the modeling task. Before the modeling process, data preprocessing and feature selection were conducted based on the raw input-output parameters. The outcomes were evaluated based on several statistical variables. The results demonstrated that CNN-M3 achieved the best performance in all the five statistical performance criteria employed for PC<span><math><mspace></mspace><mfenced><mrow><mi>μS</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>cm</mi></mrow></mfenced></math></span>, PF<span><math><mspace></mspace><mfenced><mrow><msup><mi>m</mi><mn>3</mn></msup><mo>/</mo><mi>h</mi></mrow></mfenced></math></span>, and PR (%) modeling during the calibration and verification phase. The quantitative results proved that CNN-M3 achieved an accuracy of (MAE = 0.0780), (MAE = 0.0657), and (MAE = 0.0491) for PC<span><math><mspace></mspace><mfenced><mrow><mi>μS</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>cm</mi></mrow></mfenced></math></span>, PF <span><math><mfenced><mrow><msup><mi>m</mi><mn>3</mn></msup><mo>/</mo><mi>h</mi></mrow></mfenced></math></span>, and PR (%), respectively. The results were also drawn in a 2D-dimensional Taylor diagram to show the probability cumulative distribution function (CDF) in a scatter plot. Results reveal that DL-based models like CNN perform superiorly against RNN and RVM. Therefore, they can be deployed as a reliable and efficient tool for simulating the performance of a hybrid NF/RO seawater desalination system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"611 ","pages":"Article 118918"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concentration polarization and membrane fouling characteristics in ultrafiltration based on electrical impedance analysis: synergistic or translational?","authors":"Miao Guo ,&nbsp;Hui Jia ,&nbsp;Fei Gao ,&nbsp;Jie Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118922","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118922","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In macromolecular ultrafiltration (UF) processes, the effects of concentration polarization (CP) and membrane fouling have been widely studied, while the impact of ion-induced CP is often overlooked. However, ion-induced CP plays a crucial role in UF systems which depends on water quality. In this study, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to monitor the membrane filtration process in real-time. Through the fitting circuit, the key parameters such as CP layer resistance (R_cp), cake layer resistance (R_f) and membrane layer resistance (R_m) were analyzed under different operating conditions. The contribution of non-ion concentration polarization (NICP), ion concentration polarization (ICP) and membrane fouling to the degradation of filtration performance can be determined by the change of different resistance values. The experimental results revealed two distinct stages in the UF process: a synergistic phase, during which NICP and membrane fouling occur simultaneously, followed by a transition to a fouling-dominated stage. In addition, ion-induced CP enhanced the synergistic interaction between NICP and membrane fouling, accelerating the transition to the fouling-dominated stage. Notably, the fouling type shifted from irreversible membrane pore plugging fouling to the more reversible cake layer fouling. Recognizing this transition in fouling behavior is crucial for optimizing membrane cleaning strategies. Furthermore, by optimizing the cleaning strategy based EIS, the study demonstrated a significant improvement in membrane flux, with the flux recovery rate increasing by 26.10 % to 30.69 %. This study highlights the value of EIS as an in-situ monitoring tool for distinguishing between CP types and fouling stages, and emphasizes the importance of ion-induced CP in UF systems. It provides a promising strategy for real-time performance assessment and cleaning optimization in ultrafiltration systems used in water treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"611 ","pages":"Article 118922"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143859360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A bifunctional polyacrylamide-alginate-TiO2 hydrogel solar evaporator for integrated high-efficiency desalination and photocatalytic degradation","authors":"Xinye Xu ,&nbsp;Junxiao Qiu ,&nbsp;Zheng Li ,&nbsp;Anni Fu ,&nbsp;Shutong Yuan ,&nbsp;Hai Li ,&nbsp;Baoyang Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118920","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118920","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Integrating interfacial solar steam generation with photocatalytic degradation technology holds significant prospects for practical applications in simultaneous clean water collection and organic pollutant degradation. However, existing photothermal-photocatalytic bifunctional evaporators still suffer from performance deficiencies such as limited light absorption, insufficient evaporation rate and degradation efficiency, leading to the partial contaminant residual in complex wastewater. Herein, we propose a surface functionalization-bicrosslinking strategy to develop a novel photothermal-photocatalytic bifunctional hydrogel solar evaporator. The strategy involves surface functionalization of TiO₂ nanoparticles to form core-shell structured bifunctional TiO₂@C nanoparticles by dopamine-modified thermal treatment, followed by composting with polyacrylamide/sodium alginate (PAM/SA) to achieve microporous double-network hydrogel. The resultant TiO₂@C/PAM/SA hydrogel composites exhibit efficient sunlight absorption of up to 99.87 %, a remarkable evaporation rate of 2.97 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ with an outstanding photothermal efficiency of 92.13 %, as well as high photodegradation efficiency of 84.37 % under one sun irradiation. We further integrate such hydrogel composites into the fabrication of photothermal-photocatalytic bifunctional evaporators, which demonstrate efficient purification and photocatalytic efficacy in various water samples, including low-to-high concentrated brines and heavy metal ion/organic pollutant-containing wastewater. Such a strategy of designing high-performance photothermal-photocatalytic hydrogels opens a new avenue to coherent solar desalination and organic pollutant degradation for complicated seawater/wastewater systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"611 ","pages":"Article 118920"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved explainable multi-gene genetic programming correlations for predicting carbon dioxide solubility in various brines","authors":"Mohamed Riad Youcefi ,&nbsp;Fahd Mohamad Alqahtani ,&nbsp;Menad Nait Amar ,&nbsp;Hakim Djema ,&nbsp;Mohammad Ghasemi","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118917","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118917","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Storing carbon dioxide (CO₂) in deep saline aquifers has gained significant attention as an effective approach to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The success of carbon capture and storage (CCS) in deep saline aquifers relies on accurately assessing CO₂ solubility in brine under real operating conditions. Gaining detailed insight into CO₂ behavior in subsurface environments is essential for effectively implementing this method. In this study, we have made substantial efforts to compile a comprehensive dataset on CO₂ solubility in diverse aqueous electrolyte solutions of CaCl₂, NaCl, MgCl₂, Na₂SO₄, and KCl, encompassing a wide interval of operating conditions and widespread salt concentrations. To leverage this extensive dataset effectively, we applied a robust white-box machine learning technique, namely the multi-gene genetic programming (MGGP) to establish user-friendly explicit correlations for accurately predicting CO₂ solubility in numerous brines under subsurface conditions. Our evaluation revealed that the derived correlations provided significantly more precise predictions of CO₂ solubility. In this context, the MGGP-based correlations demonstrated trustworthy accuracy with total root mean square error (RMSE) values of only 0.0235, 0.0304, 0.0196, 0.0289, and 0.0313 for CaCl₂, NaCl, MgCl₂, Na₂SO₄, and KCl solutions, respectively. Additionally, the trend analysis showed that the proposed correlations effectively captured the behavior of CO₂ solubility across a wide range of operating pressures, temperatures, and solvent salinities, demonstrating their robustness and reliability. Furthermore, Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) provided useful insights into how different inputs contribute and interact, making the proposed correlations easier to understand and interpret. Lastly, the newly introduced MGGP-based correlations exhibit notable improvements in accuracy, user-friendliness, generalization, and explainability, ensuring superior performance across diverse subsurface conditions. These advancements mark a significant step forward in the cost-effective and precise estimation of CO₂ solubility in various brines, making the proposed correlations highly valuable for applications in carbon capture and storage, environmental impact assessment, petroleum geology, reservoir engineering, and other CO₂-related domains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"610 ","pages":"Article 118917"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143838830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced-flux nanofiltration membrane based on innovative 3D-printed support layer embedded with TiO2 nanoparticles","authors":"Yixin Ji ,&nbsp;Zhongmin Su ,&nbsp;Xiaochun Cui ,&nbsp;Zhi Geng ,&nbsp;Chi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118914","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.118914","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, nanofiltration (NF) membranes have garnered significant attention for water treatment and reuse applications, owing to their high separation efficiency, surface charge characteristics, and other advantages. However, the conventional support layer structures in NF membranes exhibit high permeation resistance, limiting their overall performance. To address this issue, an ideal through-hole structural support layer effectively minimizes resistance to water infiltration. The advent of advanced high-precision 3D printing technology facilitates the fabrication of such structures. In this study, a support layer with a straight-through pore structure was fabricated using advanced high-precision 3D printing technology, and the PES-COOH active layer was attached to the surface of the support layer via hydrogen bonding, resulting in the PES-COOH@3DP NF membrane. This innovation substantially reduced the permeation resistance, thereby enhancing the permeation flux of the NF process. The permeability of the PES-COOH@3DP NF membrane reached 6.64 L·m⁻²·h⁻¹·bar⁻¹, which is double that of the PES-COOH@UF NF membrane. By incorporating varying concentrations of TiO₂ nanoparticles (0.5 %, 1 %, 1.5 %) into the photosensitive resin material, a hydrophilic support layer doped with TiO₂ nanoparticles was printed using a 3D printer. This improved the NF membrane's hydrophilicity, thereby enhancing its permeation flux. When the feed solution contained 1000 mg·L⁻¹ Na₂SO₄, the [email protected] % TiO₂ 3DP NF membrane exhibited a permeability of 8.56 L·m⁻²·h⁻¹·bar⁻¹, 1.5 times that of the PES-COOH@UF NF membrane and 22 % higher than the commercial NF90 membrane, while retaining 98.76 % salt and demonstrating strong chlorine resistance. This study underscores the significant potential of advanced high-precision 3D printing technology, establishing it as a strong contender for next-generation NF membrane desalination development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"610 ","pages":"Article 118914"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143833767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}