Desalination最新文献

{"title":"Synergistic dual-mechanism design: NiO-decorated pyrrolic-N doped carbon for ultrahigh-rate and selective recovery of silver ions via capacitive deionization","authors":"Hui Li,&nbsp;Xinhua Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2026.119916","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2026.119916","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The selectivity of pyrrolic-N-doped carbon for silver ions (Ag⁺) is often limited by its predominant reliance on electric double-layer capacitance (EDLC) for charge storage. To overcome this limitation, synergistic design strategies are required to enhance its performance. This study reports a dual-mechanism electrode design through anchoring nickel oxide nanoparticles onto a single pyrrolic nitrogen-doped carbon matrix (NiO@SPNCM) for ultrahigh-rate and selective recovery of Ag⁺ via capacitive deionization. The composite exhibits a remarkable Ag⁺ adsorption capacity of 368.5 mg/g and an ultrahigh rate of 28.64 mg/g-min. In mixed-ion solutions, it achieves exceptional selectivity with a separation factor (<span><math><msubsup><mi>ρ</mi><mi>M</mi><mi>Ag</mi></msubsup><mo>)</mo><mspace></mspace></math></span>exceeding 15 against competing cations (Na⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Mn²⁺, Pb²⁺), maintaining a 93.6% Ag⁺ removal even at a high Na⁺ background of 500 mg/L. The electrode demonstrates outstanding long-term stability, retaining 95.3% of its initial capacity over 26 cycles, along with a high charge efficiency of 83.85–87.4% and a low energy consumption of 0.24 kWh/kg. Mechanistic investigations reveal that pyrrolic-N sites selectively coordinate and reduce Ag⁺ to metallic Ag⁰, while the introduced NiO nanoparticles enhance conductivity, expand the accessible surface area, and provide complementary electric double-layer capacitance. This work establishes a synergistic materials design paradigm for efficient and selective recovery of precious metals from complex aqueous streams.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"625 ","pages":"Article 119916"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vapor-induced phase separation poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) membrane for versatile desalination and the removal of perfluorooctanoic acid via membrane distillation","authors":"Shih-Hong Liou,&nbsp;Jen-Hsiang Chang,&nbsp;Gian Vincent Dizon,&nbsp;Yung Chang,&nbsp;Antoine Venault","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2026.119933","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2026.119933","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The vapor-induced phase separation (VIPS) process has been seldom utilized for the fabrication of membranes for direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD), despite structural properties achievable fitting the application requirements. The present study showcases the development of poly(vinylidene fluoride-<em>co</em>-hexafluoropropylene) P(VDF-<em>co</em>-HFP) membranes by VIPS for desalination and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) removal. Adjusting the polymer concentration to 17 wt%, the solution and VIPS chamber temperature to 60 °C, the relative humidity to 70% and the exposure time to non-solvent vapors to 10 min ensured the formation of symmetric, highly porous (mean pore size: 0.46 μm, porosity: 72%) and superhydrophobic (water contact angle: 154°) membranes. Using sodium chloride solution 35 g/L, real seawater, a sodium chloride solution 1 M or a PFOA solution, the flux during a 3 h-DCMD test was found to be 25-30 LMH with a rejection over 99.95% for saline feed, and 90–93% for PFOA. All these values competed with/outperformed those obtained with the control commercial polytetrafluoroethylene membrane. In addition, considering the feed temperature (60 °C) and feed-permeate temperature difference (35 °C), the results compete with the existing literature. The membrane also maintained a high flux and rejection during a 70-h operation time with a lower flux decline and higher salt rejection than the commercial alternative, and outperformed it in both wetting and scaling tests. These results demonstrate the suitability of the VIPS process to generate effective membranes for desalination and the removal of emerging pollutants from water by DCMD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"625 ","pages":"Article 119933"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation and optimization of end-face sealing by analyzing fluid leakage paths in energy recovery device for SWRO desalination system","authors":"Bianxiong Ma,&nbsp;Yiyang Ge,&nbsp;Gangtao Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2026.119939","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2026.119939","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination, the rotary positive displacement energy recovery devices play a crucial role in enhancing the pressure of incoming fresh seawater by recovering residual high pressure of brine. However, the end-face leakage problem of the device restricts further improvement of its recovery performance severely. This study establishes a three-dimensional numerical model of end-face film in the energy recovery device and conducts optimization analysis of the end-face sealing structure systematically. Results indicate that the fluid in the end-face clearance mainly leaks through circumferential and radial paths, and the leakage rate is positively associated with the cube of clearance height. A comparative analysis of four sealing structures including spiral and straight grooves, square and circular cellular textures reveals that the circular cellular textures possess the best sealing performance. The maximum reduction in the leakage rate can reach 17.8% when the texture depth is 0.005 mm. In the view of manufacturing feasibility, it is suggested that the end-face sealing clearance is up to 0.03 mm and the depth of circular cellular texture does not exceed 0.02 mm. This configuration can lead to a leakage reduction rate exceeding 11% while keeping the opening force loss within 5% in the meantime.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"625 ","pages":"Article 119939"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication of hierarchical porous chitosan/polyphosphazene monolithic aerogels for efficient iodine adsorption","authors":"Xiaohuan Tang ,&nbsp;Jinying Zhang ,&nbsp;Huiyuan Chu ,&nbsp;Jiwei Shen ,&nbsp;Chaozhan Wang ,&nbsp;Yinmao Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2026.119924","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2026.119924","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adsorption is effective for removing radioactive iodine in nuclear wastewater treatment, while composite adsorbents can optimize the adsorption performance of adsorbents. In this work, Chitosan and polyphosphazene were used to prepare an aerogel monolith (CS/PCD) with facile recyclability, high hydrophilicity, ultra-lightweight properties, and hierarchical porous structure via hydrothermal synthesis and freeze-drying. Under static conditions, the effects of adsorbent dosage, pH, coexisting ions, and contact time on iodine adsorption were studied. The results demonstrate that CS/PCD reaches a saturated iodine adsorption capacity of 1.20 g·g⁻¹ in aqueous solution, exhibiting good regeneration performance and anti-ion interference capability in accordance with the Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. Under dynamic adsorption conditions, the breakthrough behavior further confirms the material’ effective iodine capture performance. Notably, CS/PCD exhibited a broad applicable pH range (3–8) and good acid-base stability. Furthermore, CS/PCD also demonstrates exceptional performance in gaseous iodine adsorption, achieving a saturation capacity of 3.49 g·g⁻¹ at 348 K. FT-IR and XPS analysis revealed the driving force of adsorption arises from charge transfer through N and O atoms, π-π stacking, hydrogen bonding (N-H···I and O-H···I), and hierarchical porous (microporous-mesoporous-macroporous). In conclusion, this work develops a high-efficiency monolithic adsorbent for radioactive iodine capture, offering a promising continuous-flow method for nuclear wastewater treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"625 ","pages":"Article 119924"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Renewable energy powered membrane technology: Resilient operating windows of a photovoltaic-powered desalination system operating under transient solar conditions","authors":"Emmanuel O. Ogunniyi,&nbsp;Bryce S. Richards","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2026.119942","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2026.119942","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A photovoltaic-powered membrane filtration (PV-membrane) system desalinates brackish water to produce drinkable water using sunlight but is prone to shutdowns – due to solar irradiance fluctuations – that reduce permeate quality and daily yield. Shutdowns occur at certain PV power deviation thresholds (<span><math><msub><mi>D</mi><mi>th</mi></msub></math></span>) that, when identified, can be controlled to operate the system autonomously within certain windows of shutdown resilience during transient operation. This study introduces the resilient operating window (ROW) to investigate PV-membrane system operation under four different configurations – via two membranes (BW30 &amp; NF90) and two pumps (SQFlex 0.6-3 N/20 bar &amp; -2 N/12 bar) – using real-world solar conditions. The BW30/3 N configuration, operated at ∼11 bar transmembrane pressure (<em>TMP</em>), achieved ∼67% shutdown resilience while the NF90/3 N configuration at ∼9 bar <em>TMP</em> (constrained) achieved 100% resilience &amp; daily production gains of 8 L and 19 L, respectively, compared to reference uncontrolled operation. The -2 N pump enabled 100% resilience for both membranes, with reduced daily yield for NF90. Results highlight how <span><math><msub><mi>D</mi><mi>th</mi></msub></math></span> influences shutdowns in PV-membrane systems, and how these can be mitigated for enhanced resilient operation during transient conditions without additional energy buffering support, essential for more robust autonomous PV-membrane water desalination systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"625 ","pages":"Article 119942"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ferulic acid-amplified Fe(II)/peroxyacetic acid system for enhanced ultrafiltration performance in surface water purification","authors":"Bing Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiangyou Yue ,&nbsp;Kangping Li ,&nbsp;Bing Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaohong Li ,&nbsp;Heli Tang ,&nbsp;Bin Liu ,&nbsp;Wenxin Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2026.119944","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2026.119944","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The application of ultrafiltration (UF) technology in drinking water treatment has been expanding, yet issues such as membrane fouling and inadequate elimination of emerging contaminants continue to pose major challenges. To address these issues, this study integrated ferulic acid (FA) into the Fe(II)/peracetic acid (PAA) system with the aim of improving its efficacy in reducing membrane fouling and breaking down sulfamethoxazole (SMX). The effectiveness and underlying mechanisms of the FA/Fe(II)/PAA system were systematically evaluated. Results indicated that the FA/Fe(II)/PAA system achieved a 69.9% membrane flux retention efficiency while removing 78.6% of SMX. Correlation analysis revealed that the efficient removal of SMX, along with a notable increase in zeta potential and particle size, were key factors contributing to membrane fouling control. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and quenching experiments revealed that hydroxyl radicals (•OH), high-valent iron species (Fe(IV)), specific organic radicals (R-O•), and singlet oxygen (¹O₂) served as key contributors to both membrane fouling mitigation and SMX degradation, with respective contribution rates of 40.23%, 36.00%, 20.30%, and 1.50% for fouling reduction, and 44.75%, 31.00%, 18.69%, and 2.85% for SMX degradation. Based on the extended Derjaguin-Laudau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) theory, the FA/Fe(II)/PAA system enhanced repulsive interactions between foulants and membranes as well as between foulants themselves, with standard blocking and cake filtration identified as the primary mechanisms responsible for the reduced membrane fouling. This study puts forward a green and cost-effective pretreatment approach for membrane-based water treatment. This approach can control membrane fouling, eliminate emerging pollutants by utilizing natural plant extracts, and provide practical solutions for the upgrading of water treatment plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"625 ","pages":"Article 119944"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic electricity and freshwater cogeneration by integrating high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells with humidifier–dehumidifiers","authors":"Xu Guo ,&nbsp;Zhaoyang Zhang ,&nbsp;Houcheng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2026.119941","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2026.119941","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coastal and island regions face chronic freshwater shortages and fragile power supply. Integrating high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs) with humidifier–dehumidifiers (HDHs) can address both needs, yet system-level performance remains insufficiently quantified. This work develops a coupled system-level model that captures key thermodynamic–electrochemical irreversibilities to predict the performance of an HT-PEMFC/HDH hybrid system, and the constituent subsystem models are validated against published data. Numerical results show that, at an operating temperature of 435 K, the hybrid system attains a maximum power density of 5.09 kW m⁻² and energy and exergy efficiencies of 24.53% and 26.06%, representing gains of 0.93% and 0.95% over a stand-alone HT-PEMFC. Parametric studies identify operating current density, membrane relative humidity, and phosphoric acid doping level as effective levers for performance enhancement, whereas larger humidifier area, thicker membranes, and higher HDH humidity impede it. Moreover, Local sensitivity analysis ranks membrane thickness as the dominant driver, followed by doping level and membrane humidity, with humidifier area exerting the weakest influence. The results provide quantitative guidance for the design and operation of high-efficiency HT-PEMFC/HDH cogeneration systems tailored to water- and power-constrained coastal and island applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"625 ","pages":"Article 119941"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing high-pressure osmotic membranes for pressure-retarded osmosis using hypersaline draw solutions","authors":"Wanyu Li ,&nbsp;Dan Li ,&nbsp;Yuting Qian ,&nbsp;Hong Liu ,&nbsp;Qianhong She","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2026.119894","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2026.119894","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) is a promising technology for osmotic energy harvesting and storage, particularly when using hypersaline draw solutions that promoted enhanced power generation. However, the osmotic membranes for PRO must be operated under high pressures (&gt;50 bar) to realized full energy potential of the hypersaline solution. Conventional osmotic membranes with highly porous and thin substrates to enhance mass transfer usually have low mechanical stabilities and suffer severe deformation under such critical operating conditions. To overcome the trade-off between mechanical strength and mass transfer in conventional osmotic membranes, this study strategically engineered the membrane substrate with large finger-like pores to enhance mass transfer, while reinforcing mechanical strength through innovative membrane material selection and modification. Specifically, aluminium tri-sec-butoxide (ASB), a robust metal oxide, was used as membrane pore former and filler to first form a highly porous mix-matrix polyetherimide (PEI) substrate. Subsequently, 3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane (APTMS)-based sol-gel crosslinking was conducted to form inorganic interconnected networks within the polymeric membrane matrix, which substantially improved membrane strength without compromising mass transfer properties. The optimized membrane possessed high mass transfer coefficient of 2.47<span><math><mo>×</mo></math></span>10⁻⁶ m/s and enhanced mechanical properties, and it demonstrated stable operation under operating pressure up to 55 bar and achieved power density of around 25 W/m², with a peak power density of ∼30 W/m² attained at an optimal operating pressure of ∼35 bar using a 2 M NaCl draw solution. Such peak performance was maintained for over 15 h at elevated pressure, within only 5% decline in power density was observed. This study highlights the importance of combining pore structure tailoring with chemical crosslinking to overcome the property trade-offs for high-pressure PRO membranes, providing fundamental insights and a promising basis for further studies toward sustainable osmotic energy harvesting and storage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"625 ","pages":"Article 119894"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146076854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Waste corrugated paperboard derived binder-free carbon for improved brackish water desalination performance via capacitive deionization","authors":"Qilin Liu ,&nbsp;Binbin Tao ,&nbsp;Chunhong Zhang ,&nbsp;Shuang Wang ,&nbsp;Ya Liu ,&nbsp;Yan Lei ,&nbsp;Xingtao Xu ,&nbsp;Xingyi Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2026.119906","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2026.119906","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The construction of cost-effective and high-performance carbon materials is of great significance for the development of energy-efficient CO₂ capture agent and capacitive deionization (CDI) technology. As a low-cost, sustainable and abundant biomass waste material, it is a promising candidate material for the preparation of CO₂ capturer and CDI carbon electrodes. In this work, using waste corrugated paperboard as raw material, a porous carbon film with a hierarchically pore structure and binder-free was successfully prepared by thermal carbonization and KOH activation. Due to the lack of an effective spontaneous hole-making mechanism of the carbonized paperboard (carbonized PB), it has a low specific surface area (SSA, 8.38 m²/g), CO₂ capture capacity (0.77 mmol/g), specific capacitance (3.32 F/g) and NaCl adsorption (3.37 mg/g). The subsequent KOH activation (activated PB) treatment not only provides abundant active sites (SSA of 1055.46 m²/g, CO₂ capture capacity of 2.89 mmol/g), but also shortens the diffusion path of ions (specific capacitance of 256.75 F/g at 10 mV/s). In 500 mg/L NaCl solution, the salt adsorption capacity and rate were as high as 30.24 mg/g and 6.05 mg/g min, respectively. Activated PB show excellent cycle stability and high charge efficiency in long-term charge-discharge tests, and show good application prospects for the treatment of actual brackish water. Its excellent mechanical integrity ensures long-term operational stability in complex water treatment environments, providing reliable assurance for engineering applications. Meanwhile, compared with similar materials reported in the existing literature, the material shows significant competitive advantages in terms of comprehensive performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"625 ","pages":"Article 119906"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146076855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing a high-performance solar evaporator with water-thermal balance via pore regulation strategy","authors":"Mingxing Jing ,&nbsp;Hongyuan Zhu ,&nbsp;Rongzhi Sun ,&nbsp;Dongnan Xu ,&nbsp;Shaocong Chang ,&nbsp;Wensheng Wang ,&nbsp;Han Wu ,&nbsp;Siyuan Jin ,&nbsp;Xingli Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhuangzhi Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2026.119936","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.desal.2026.119936","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar-driven interfacial evaporation (SDIE) technology is a viable approach to address worldwide freshwater scarcity. However, insufficient water supply at the evaporation interface and its imbalance with photothermal input severely limit further performance improvements. This study used delignified corn stalk pith and a pore-size-tunable SA/PVA/CNTs hydrogel composite to create a dual-layer evaporator with a gradient-pore structure. A systematic analysis of how hydrogel pore regulation influences water transport and interfacial photothermal resulted in optimal gradient pore size matching. This structure not only assures a continuous stable water supply at the evaporation interface, but it also maintains a dynamic balance between water supply and photothermal input during evaporation, successfully preventing water insufficiency or oversaturation. Under 1 sun, the evaporator reached an evaporation rate of 1.87 kg m⁻² h⁻¹, above the theoretical limit. Furthermore, the gradient channels' rapid water movement promotes the reverse diffusion of surface salts. As a result, the evaporator operated continuously for 12 h in a 10 wt% NaCl high-salinity water with no salt precipitation, indicating exceptional salt resistance. The study achieves synergistic regulation of interfacial water supply and photothermal input via structural design, providing critical technological support for the innovative creation of high-performance solar interface evaporation systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":299,"journal":{"name":"Desalination","volume":"625 ","pages":"Article 119936"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}