Daniel Fernández Valderrama, Giulio Ferro, Luca Parodi, Michela Robba
{"title":"A bilevel optimization approach for Balancing Markets with electric vehicle aggregators and smart charging","authors":"Daniel Fernández Valderrama, Giulio Ferro, Luca Parodi, Michela Robba","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Demand Response (DR) programs can help alleviate the management of the electrical distribution grid by reducing loads in specified areas. They can be enabled within the energy Balancing Market (BM). Aggregators can manage different customers providing flexibility. Recently, Electric Vehicles Aggregators (EVAs) have emerged as significant players in the BM because they can manage fleets of electric vehicles (EVs) in the distribution grid. This paper addresses a multi-objective optimization problem for a distribution power grid that includes EVs and smart charging parks. At the higher level, the Distribution System Operator (DSO) considers the characteristics of each BM actor to minimize costs. Meanwhile, EVAs focus on controlling EV charging at the lower level to maximize their profit. The optimization problems of EVAs and other actors are replaced by KKT (Karush–Kuhn–Tucker) conditions, which are embedded as constraints in the DSO decision problem. Moreover, the resulting bilinear terms (in the optimization problem constraints) are linearized to fasten the finding of an optimal solution. The overall optimization problem is a mixed-integer quadratic programming (MIQP) and has been applied to the IEEE 13-bus test benchmark. The results demonstrate a reduction of about 6% of power loss in the grid achieved by the developed model. Besides, the linearized model can afford a more discretized model due to the reduction of computational effort.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29926,"journal":{"name":"IFAC Journal of Systems and Control","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 100296"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143270857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"New approach of series-PID controller design based on modern control theory: Simulations and real-time validation","authors":"Vivek Kumar, Yogesh V. Hote","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposed a novel approach to designing the series-proportional–integral derivative (series-PID) controller, which provides desired performance specifications. In this approach, the design of the series-PID controller is carried out by modern control theory, which is based on the Butterworth pattern of pole placement, and classical control theory, which is based on Krishnamurthi’s corollary on the Routh criterion. The uniqueness of the proposed approach in comparison with existing methods is that it comprises both classical and modern control theory for improving performance and robustness trade-off. The validation of the proposed control theory is carried out using numerical examples (Linear & Non-linear models). The results show that the performance is improved compared to the existing results. The main aim of the paper is that the proposed theory should be industrial-friendly. In view of this, the proposed theory is validated on the D.C. servo motor and power system problem of load frequency control. For these practical problems, comparisons are carried out with well-known control approaches, such as the internal model control approach proposed by various authors. Finally, the proposed approach has been implemented and validated on the hardware setup of the DC–DC buck converter (<span><math><mrow><mi>D</mi><mi>D</mi><mi>B</mi><msub><mrow><mi>C</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>). In numerical examples and practical problems, the efficacy of the proposed approach has been checked by robustness analysis and fragility analysis. Further, it has also been checked by determining various performance indices such as Integral Square Error (ISE), Integral Absolute Error (IAE), and Total Variations (TV).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29926,"journal":{"name":"IFAC Journal of Systems and Control","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 100295"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143141323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Control-Equivalent-Turbulence-Input estimation method for unmanned helicopters","authors":"Sergey Nazarov, Per-Olof Gutman","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2024.100293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2024.100293","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper describes a new time-domain estimation method of the Control Equivalent Turbulence Input (CETI). CETI simulates the effects of natural atmospheric turbulence on rotorcraft dynamics by additional control inputs. The identified linear model of helicopter dynamics is changed into a quasi-nonlinear model by adding trim data and nonlinear kinematic equations. An unscented Kalman filter is designed using the quasi-nonlinear helicopter model and scaled unscented transformation to estimate CETI in real-time. The method was first tested in simulations; then, results were obtained for flight. The proposed method is also compared with other methods used in practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29926,"journal":{"name":"IFAC Journal of Systems and Control","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 100293"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143141322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Beatrice Sonzogni , José María Manzano , Marco Polver , Fabio Previdi , Antonio Ferramosca
{"title":"CHoKI-based MPC for blood glucose regulation in Artificial Pancreas","authors":"Beatrice Sonzogni , José María Manzano , Marco Polver , Fabio Previdi , Antonio Ferramosca","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2024.100294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2024.100294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work presents a Model Predictive Control (MPC) for the artificial pancreas, which is able to autonomously manage basal insulin injections in type 1 diabetic patients. Specifically, the MPC goal is to maintain the patients’ blood glucose level inside the safe range of 70-180 mg/dL, acting on the insulin amount and respecting all the imposed constraints, taking into consideration also the Insulin On Board (IOB), to avoid excess of insulin infusion. MPC uses a model to make predictions of the system behavior. In this work, due to the complexity of the diabetes disease that complicates the identification of a general physiological model, a data-driven learning method is employed instead. The Componentwise Hölder Kinky Inference (CHoKI) method is adopted, to have a customized controller for each patient. For the data collection phase and also to test the proposed controller, the virtual patients of the FDA-accepted UVA/Padova simulator are exploited. The MPC is also tested on simulations with variability of the insulin sensitivity and with physical activity sessions. The final results are satisfying since the proposed controller is conservative and reduces the time in hypoglycemia (which is more dangerous) if compared to the outcomes obtained without the IOB constraints.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29926,"journal":{"name":"IFAC Journal of Systems and Control","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 100294"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143141324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adaptive chaos control: A novel continuous-time approach for enhanced stability","authors":"Muhammad Shafiq , Israr Ahmad","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2024.100292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2024.100292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stabilizing chaotic systems with robustness, speed, and smoothness remains a significant challenge due to issues like chattering and slow convergence associated with traditional control methods. This paper proposes a novel continuous-time adaptive robust control (CTARC) scheme to overcome these limitations and enhance the stabilization of uncertain chaotic systems. CTARC employs smooth control functions; specifically hyperbolic secant and inverse hyperbolic sine functions to eliminate chattering and achieve faster, more precise convergence to equilibrium. Unlike conventional controllers that simplify system dynamics by removing nonlinearities, this approach preserves them, thereby improving robustness against time-varying disturbances and model uncertainties. A Lyapunov-based stability analysis rigorously establishes the asymptotic stability of the proposed control strategy. Numerical simulations on the Shimizu–Morioka chaotic system and a memristor-based hyperchaotic system validate CTARC’s superiority in convergence speed, energy efficiency, and stability compared to existing adaptive methods. By reducing transient effects like overshoots and oscillations, the proposed scheme ensures smoother transitions and minimizes energy consumption, addressing critical limitations of traditional methods. These results highlight CTARC’s potential as a robust and energy-efficient solution for chaos stabilization and provide a foundation for future developments in complex system control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29926,"journal":{"name":"IFAC Journal of Systems and Control","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 100292"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143141459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Timm Faulwasser , Arne-Jens Hempel , Stefan Streif
{"title":"On the turnpike to design of deep neural networks: Explicit depth bounds","authors":"Timm Faulwasser , Arne-Jens Hempel , Stefan Streif","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2024.100290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2024.100290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is well-known that the training of Deep Neural Networks (DNN) can be formalized in the language of optimal control. In this context, this paper leverages classical turnpike properties of optimal control problems to attempt a quantifiable answer to the question of how many layers should be considered in a DNN. The underlying assumption is that the number of neurons per layer—i.e., the width of the DNN—is kept constant. Pursuing a different route than the classical analysis of approximation properties of sigmoidal functions, we prove explicit bounds on the required depths of DNNs based on asymptotic reachability assumptions and a dissipativity-inducing choice of the regularization terms in the training problem. Numerical results obtained for the two spiral task data set for classification indicate that the proposed constructive estimates can provide non-conservative depth bounds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29926,"journal":{"name":"IFAC Journal of Systems and Control","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100290"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142579112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Finite-time event-triggered tracking control for quadcopter attitude systems with zero compensation technology","authors":"Lian Chen , Cui Cai , Xijun Liu , Chen Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2024.100289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2024.100289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper primarily investigates the event-triggered tracking control problem for quadcopter attitude systems, utilizing finite-time zero compensation technology. Unlike existing research results, a zero compensation technology is proposed to solve non-affine control input problems such as saturation, dead zones, and gaps. The command filtered compensation technology is used to solve ’differential explosion’ and filtering errors. A novel Tanh type filter and a neural network are employed to approximate virtual control signals and account for un-modeled dynamics, respectively. Moreover, the finite-time convergence theory is used to prove that the state, tracking error, and filtered error compensation signals in the entire closed-loop system converge to an arbitrarily small neighborhood of the equilibrium origin. Finally, the advantages of the proposed control algorithm in improving tracking accuracy and reducing communication load were demonstrated through simulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29926,"journal":{"name":"IFAC Journal of Systems and Control","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100289"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis of Hyers–Ulam stability and controllability of non-linear switched impulsive systems with delays on time scales","authors":"Bhim Kumar, Muslim Malik","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2024.100291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2024.100291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this article, we have used the concepts of time scales theory to discuss nonlinear switched impulsive systems with delay. Our main objective is to determine the Hyers–Ulam stability and controllability of nonlinear switched impulsive systems with delay on non-uniform time domains. To obtain the necessary and sufficient conditions for existence, Hyers–Ulam stability, and controllability, we utilize the Banach fixed-point theorem and Krasnoselskii’s fixed-point theorem. In order to demonstrate our conclusions, we have discussed some simulation-based examples along with the three tank liquid control problem and a potential practical situation related to the infectious disease with switching rules. The results of this manuscript provide all the necessary and sufficient conditions for Hyers–Ulam stability and controllability that are true for discrete, continuous as well as unified time domains simultaneously.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29926,"journal":{"name":"IFAC Journal of Systems and Control","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100291"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142664061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficiency criteria and dual techniques for some nonconvex multiple cost minimization models","authors":"Savin Treanţă , Ramona-Manuela Calianu","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2024.100288","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2024.100288","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we investigate a class of multi-objective variational control problems governed by nonconvex simple integral functionals. Concretely, we establish and prove (necessary and sufficient) efficiency criteria and dual techniques for some nonconvex multiple cost minimization models. To this aim, we extend and use the concept of <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>Ψ</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>ω</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>-invexity to the case of multi-objective variational control problems. Thereafter, by assuming <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>Ψ</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>ω</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>-invexity, (strictly) <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>Ψ</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>ω</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>-pseudoinvexity and/or <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>Ψ</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>ω</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>-quasiinvexity of the involved functionals, we state the sufficient efficiency criteria and associate a dual problem for the considered model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29926,"journal":{"name":"IFAC Journal of Systems and Control","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100288"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142573448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design of fixed-time sliding mode control using variable exponents","authors":"Krishanu Nath, Neetish Patel, Indra Narayan Kar, Janardhanan Sivaramakrishnan","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2024.100287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2024.100287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes the design of a robust fixed-time sliding mode controller for a second-order nonlinear system with matched and unmatched uncertainties. First, a fixed-time stable scalar dynamics with a variable exponent is introduced. We establish the global fixed-time stability results for the proposed dynamics using Lyapunov analysis. The maximum convergence time has been derived in terms of the design parameters, which is independent of the initial conditions. These results are then extended to solve the robust fixed-time stabilization for uncertain nonlinear second-order system. Specifically, we proceed with the sliding mode control design, where the sliding surface and the control law are motivated by the proposed scalar dynamics. Moreover, the proposed design is free from singularity and guarantees fixed-time robust stabilization. Simulation results with comparative analysis has been included. Further, experimental validation on a single link manipulator is provided to demonstrate the performance of the proposed approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29926,"journal":{"name":"IFAC Journal of Systems and Control","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100287"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142536179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}