IFAC Journal of Systems and Control最新文献

{"title":"Air quality analysis and modelling of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) of Ghaziabad city in India using Artificial Intelligence techniques","authors":"Patil Aashish Suhas, Aneesh Mathew, Chinthu Naresh","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100315","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100315","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Air pollution affects 91% of the global population, causing approximately 4.2 million deaths annually, according to the World Health Organization. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of spatiotemporal air quality patterns in Ghaziabad, focusing on seasonal variations, aerosol characteristics, correlation analysis, machine learning-based modelling, sensitivity analysis, and short-term prediction of PM<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>2.5</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> and PM<sub>10</sub> concentrations using data from four monitoring stations (MS1, MS2, MS3, MS4). Alarming levels of PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>2.5</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>, frequently exceeding permissible standards, were observed, particularly at MS2, where industrial activities led to an 81.29% exceedance rate for PM<sub>10</sub> with a maximum concentration increase of 447.23%. PM<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>2.5</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> concentrations at MS2 reached <span><math><mrow><mn>360</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>93</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>g</mi></mrow></math></span>/m<sup>3</sup>, representing a 501.55% increase. Meteorological circumstances, particularly during winter, significantly increased pollution levels. SO<sub>2</sub> and ozone concentrations adhered to CPCB (Central Pollution Control Board) guidelines; nonetheless, winter months experienced a significant increase in overall pollutant levels. Positive correlations were identified between PM<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>2.5</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> and PM<sub>10</sub> with NO<sub>2</sub> (r <span><math><mo>=</mo></math></span> 0.54, r <span><math><mo>=</mo></math></span> 0.51), CO (r <span><math><mo>=</mo></math></span> 0.51, r <span><math><mo>=</mo></math></span> 0.45), and SO<sub>2</sub> (r <span><math><mo>=</mo></math></span> 0.18, r <span><math><mo>=</mo></math></span> 0.34), while negative correlations were noted with ozone (r <span><math><mo>=</mo></math></span> −0.02, r <span><math><mo>=</mo></math></span> −0.18), wind speed (r <span><math><mo>=</mo></math></span> −0.17, r <span><math><mo>=</mo></math></span> −0.20), and relative humidity (r <span><math><mo>=</mo></math></span> −0.08, r <span><math><mo>=</mo></math></span> −0.37). Solar radiation also showed a negative correlation (r <span><math><mo>=</mo></math></span> −0.32, r <span><math><mo>=</mo></math></span> −0.13). The study optimized predictive models for air quality forecasting using historical data. The XGBoost model outperformed others in predicting PM<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>2.5</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> and PM<sub>10</sub> concentrations, achieving the lowest Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and highest R<sup>2</sup> values (PM<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>2.5</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>: MAE <span><math><mrow><mn>13</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>24</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>g</mi></mrow></math></span>/m<su","PeriodicalId":29926,"journal":{"name":"IFAC Journal of Systems and Control","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 100315"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144204247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A bottom-up approach for searching for sparse controllers with a budget","authors":"Vasanth Reddy ,&nbsp;Suat Gumussoy ,&nbsp;Almuatazbellah Boker ,&nbsp;Hoda Eldardiry","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100308","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100308","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we propose a bottom-up approach for designing sparse static output-feedback controllers for large-scale systems. Starting from an existing sparse controller, we iteratively add feedback channels using a gradient-based predictor, optimizing the closed-loop <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><mo>−</mo></mrow></math></span>norm within a predefined budget constraint. The proposed method significantly reduces the computational burden compared to traditional top-down approaches, which rely on pruning centralized controllers. We prove the convergence of our method and demonstrate its scalability through benchmarks, achieving comparable or better performance with significantly less computation time. This approach paves the way for efficient and scalable control design in distributed systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29926,"journal":{"name":"IFAC Journal of Systems and Control","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 100308"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144189379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fair closed-loop policies for fostering the energy transition: A control-oriented approach","authors":"Eugenia Villa ,&nbsp;Oriana Guagliardi ,&nbsp;Valentina Breschi ,&nbsp;Mara Tanelli","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The urgency of implementing effective policies to foster the energy transition and mitigate the devastating effects of climate change is undeniable. Nonetheless, the success of these policies is also closely intertwined with the necessity of preserving a delicate social balance when allocating resources toward a widespread transition. In response to this issue, we propose to adopt the recently proposed Fair-MPC scheme to introduce a control-oriented framework to aid policymakers in designing sustainability policies that are both effective and fair and evaluating existing policies by looking at these two key facets of sustainable technology diffusion. The modular design of our tool enables the assessment of fairness objectives integrated within the policy design strategy, striking a balance between impartial <em>equality</em> and inclusive <em>equity</em> with the imperative of cost minimization and effective diffusion of the transition process. Meanwhile, the flexibility of the framework makes it applicable to various scenarios, potentially representing a key tool in supporting all sectors involved in the energy transition. In this work, we prove its usability through its data-driven application in the context of the green mobility transition. Our analyses reveal that pursuing fairness objectives leads to a decrease (even if minor) in diffusion performance, underscoring the delicate balance between these frequently conflicting goals and highlighting the necessity of having quantitative tools to navigate the complexities characterizing social contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29926,"journal":{"name":"IFAC Journal of Systems and Control","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 100317"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144230521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State and disturbance source estimation in Fisher–Kolmogorov equation","authors":"Áron Fehér,&nbsp;Lőrinc Márton","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100314","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100314","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The problem of state and disturbance estimation based on a limited number of measurements is addressed for processes that can be modeled by Fisher–Kolmogorov-type Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). The Petrov–Galerkin approximation is employed to derive an Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE) model suitable for observer design. A nonlinear state observer is introduced to estimate the state (solution) of the Fisher–Kolmogorov PDE based on this model. The observer can efficiently reconstruct spatially distributed biological, chemical, or ecological invasion-like processes by applying only a limited number of measurements. Using Lyapunov techniques, it is demonstrated that the proposed observer ensures the convergence of the estimated state to the true state, although the system’s nonlinearity does not satisfy globally the Lipschitz condition. In cases where the system’s dynamics are influenced by an unknown disturbance source, a spatial disturbance localization method is introduced, leveraging the same model. Furthermore, a technique for estimating the magnitude of the unknown disturbance is presented using disturbance observer methods. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed state and source estimation methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29926,"journal":{"name":"IFAC Journal of Systems and Control","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 100314"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144189307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Minimum-time-trajectory planning in cluttered environment via highly accurate discrete-time modeling for wheeled mobile systems","authors":"Yoshihiro Iwanaga ,&nbsp;Yasutaka Fujimoto","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Motion planning for wheeled systems is crucial for enabling efficient automation in applications such as automobiles, wheeled construction machinery, and forklifts. In particular, when operating in cluttered environments, there has been growing interest in methods that utilize sampling-based techniques for coarse path planning, followed by subsequent optimization. However, many such frameworks still violate several constraints under certain conditions or produce low-quality trajectories from the perspective of the total duration or other criteria. Thus, in this study, we propose a novel trajectory-planning algorithm that ensures that the produced trajectories satisfy all constraints, including the vehicle-kinematic and collision avoidance. The proposed algorithm is structured hierarchically: first, it employs the Hybrid A* algorithm to plan a coarse path, and this is subsequently optimized within an optimal control framework. A key aspect of this approach is the use of barrier function-based optimization to ensure constraint satisfaction. To utilize the barrier function, a feasible initial trajectory is essential. To generate a strictly feasible initial trajectory that adheres to the Hybrid A* path, we introduce a new discrete-time model for the general bicycle model. This model aligns with the analytical solutions of continuous-time differential equations when the steering angle is constant and maintains high accuracy even with varying steering angles. We evaluate the effectiveness of our method through a comparison with existing methods, finding that our approach successfully generates trajectories that satisfy all constraints in scenarios where others fail. Additionally, our method achieves a significantly lower jerk cost or reduced total duration compared to existing methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29926,"journal":{"name":"IFAC Journal of Systems and Control","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 100316"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144255277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prescribed-time fault-tolerant consensus for uncertain nonlinear multi-agent systems","authors":"Vijay Kumar Singh,&nbsp;Jagannathan Sarangapani","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100313","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100313","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Achieving consensus within a user-defined time frame for uncertain nonlinear systems is both crucial and challenging. To tackle this issue, we propose an adaptive consensus protocol that utilizes a radial basis function neural network to handle unknown nonlinearities and actuator faults. Unlike traditional finite-time or fixed-time consensus methods, our approach employs continuous, time-varying feedback to guarantee convergence within the desired time. The proposed strategy ensures that all closed-loop signals of the system remain bounded, achieving consensus within the prescribed time. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is demonstrated through a simulation example of phase synchronization in a power system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29926,"journal":{"name":"IFAC Journal of Systems and Control","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 100313"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143943562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global temporal observability of linear dynamic systems","authors":"Altay Zhakatayev ,&nbsp;Yuriy Rogovchenko ,&nbsp;Matthias Pätzold","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100312","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100312","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we introduce a new concept termed global temporal observability for continuous and discrete linear dynamic systems and explore its connection with the classical notion of observability. It is shown that, as a concept, global temporal observability is a generalization of the classical observability. However, as a feature of a dynamic system, global temporal observability is embedded into classical observability. The necessary condition for global temporal observability is presented. Four linear systems were considered to test the proposed concept. Since observability is a binary test, our results matched the results of classical observability analysis when appropriate basis functions are utilized. The advantages and disadvantages of the proposed concept are discussed. The main advantage of global temporal observability is that it restores the state function for the entire time duration in a single step that requires matrix inversion. It is shown that global temporal observability connects state reconstruction, differential equations, and observability concepts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29926,"journal":{"name":"IFAC Journal of Systems and Control","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 100312"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the impact of cross-country imitation on climate change: A game-theoretical analysis","authors":"Bouchra Mroué ,&nbsp;Anthony Couthures ,&nbsp;Samson Lasaulce ,&nbsp;Irinel-Constantin Morărescu","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100309","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100309","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As far as climate change is concerned, a recurrent question that is asked either at the government or a consumer level is: Why should I make efforts to reduce my CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mtext>2</mtext></mrow></msub></math></span> emission levels whereas the others will not make these efforts? The present paper provides qualitative elements to this question when asked at the government level. More precisely, we assume that each country wants to maximize a tradeoff between an individual benefit brought by emitting CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mtext>2</mtext></mrow></msub></math></span> and an economical damage due to climate change while being influenced by the reduction strategies of the other countries. The influence term is key for the analysis and enables more virtuous or cooperative behavior. Mathematically speaking, the contribution of this paper is: to propose an abstracted model of a complex decision problem; to integrate an abstracted model of climate change in the game of interest; to conduct the complete Nash equilibrium analysis of the proposed game (existence, uniqueness, expression, quantitative analysis); to conduct a detailed numerical analysis to quantify the discussed aspects such as the impact of cross-country imitation on the atmospheric global temperature in 2100.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29926,"journal":{"name":"IFAC Journal of Systems and Control","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 100309"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143891943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid adaptive Sine Cosine Algorithm with Finite-Time Prescribed Performance PID Control for pneumatic servo systems","authors":"Addie Irawan,&nbsp;Mohd Helmi Suid,&nbsp;R.M.T. Raja Ismail,&nbsp;Mohd Falfazli Mat Jusof,&nbsp;Mohd Iskandar Putra Azahar,&nbsp;Ahmad Nor Kasruddin Nasir","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100310","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100310","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper addresses the challenge of enhancing pressure regulation in pneumatic servo systems, specifically for proportional valve-controlled double-acting pneumatic cylinders (PPVDC). A Hybrid Nonlinear Sine Cosine Algorithm (HNSCA) is proposed to optimize a Finite-Time Prescribed Performance Control (FT-PPC) integrated with a PID controller. The HNSCA combines the Nonlinear Sine Cosine Algorithm (NSCA) with Adaptive Safe Experimentation Dynamics (ASED) to fine-tune FT-PPC-PID parameters, achieving rapid transient response and system stability. Simulation results demonstrate significant improvements over other optimization variants like ESCA and ASCA, including a 96% faster rise time, 61.9% reduction in settling time, and 6.4% lower overshoot. Additionally, HNSCA reduced pressure oscillations by 25%–30%, lowered power consumption by 20%–30%, and achieved up to a 50% reduction in energy consumption under a 10 kg load. It also enhanced subsonic flow stability by 10%–15% under choked flow conditions. These advancements offer practical benefits for industries utilizing pneumatic systems, such as manufacturing and robotics, by providing more precise control, reducing energy costs, and extending equipment lifespan. The findings highlight the effectiveness of the proposed approach in error minimization and long-term stability for pneumatic servo systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29926,"journal":{"name":"IFAC Journal of Systems and Control","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 100310"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143878484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Federated optimal control of interconnected smart grids","authors":"Haci Mehmet Guzey","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100311","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100311","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes a <em>federated control framework</em> for the optimal regulation of interconnected smart grids. Unlike conventional centralized strategies, which require extensive data sharing from all nodes, our method preserves privacy by letting each local subsystem solve its own Riccati equation, generating control signals independently while sharing only minimal updates with a central aggregator. The aggregator then refines these partial solutions using the full system model, achieving near-optimal performance without disclosing sensitive local measurements. We also develop a <em>hybrid control</em> mechanism that dynamically switches trust factors for nodes under cyber attack, ensuring stability and resilience even in strongly coupled conditions.</div><div>Simulation results demonstrate that our federated approach yields cost performance comparable to a fully centralized LQR design, yet operates with significantly lower communication overhead. Moreover, the hybrid controller effectively mitigates cyber intrusions, preventing single-node compromises from destabilizing the entire grid. Hence, the proposed scheme addresses pressing challenges in modern smart grids – namely data privacy, cyber resilience, and scalability – while retaining the benefits of global coordination. In addition to linearized dynamics, future extensions will focus on <em>nonlinear</em> systems and advanced privacy-preserving protocols, paving the way for robust, next-generation energy networks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29926,"journal":{"name":"IFAC Journal of Systems and Control","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 100311"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}