IFAC Journal of Systems and Control最新文献

{"title":"Dynamics and robust control of a space manipulator system servicing a satellite with flexible appendages","authors":"Sofiane Kraïem,&nbsp;Mathieu Rognant,&nbsp;Sérgio Waitman,&nbsp;Idriss Chelikh,&nbsp;Jean-Marc Biannic","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100328","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100328","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Space Manipulator Systems (SMS) are becoming pivotal in space exploitation and exploration, offering a versatile range of solutions from space debris capture to structure assembly. However, recent missions involving manipulators aboard satellites and space structures must contend with lightweight and large elements that exhibit flexible behaviors. Despite the challenges posed by flexible elements in their surroundings, enhancing the autonomy of SMS remains crucial to ensure their viability as solutions. For the pre-design of the SMS, path-planning applications, or controller design, there is a necessity for methods to assess the couplings between the manipulator, the SMS platform, and any flexible elements moved by a manipulator or attached to the platform. Moreover, recently proposed control strategies have demonstrated a keen interest in developing model-based controllers, which advantageously provide an efficient utilization of actuators and mitigation of internal disturbances within the system. This paper initially presents, for control purposes, the derivation of the kinematics and dynamics of a free-floating Space Manipulator System (SMS) with a flexible body at the end of a kinematic chain, employing a Lagrangian formalism. Subsequently, a robust joint-space control law is designed for the On-Orbit Servicing (OOS) of a satellite with flexible appendages. The control structure consists of Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion (NDI) for system linearization and decoupling. A structured <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>∞</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> controller synthesis is developed to provide robustness against flexible disturbances, model uncertainties, and sensor noise. To evaluate the effectiveness of this control strategy, it is implemented on a real-time simulation platform that ensures tight and high-fidelity space robot dynamics and flexible structures. This platform incorporates visual environment models and virtual sensors to provide an accurate representation of real-world conditions. The considered use-case involves the servicing of a satellite equipped with a flexible solar array using a free-floating dual-arm SMS with flexible appendages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29926,"journal":{"name":"IFAC Journal of Systems and Control","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100328"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144702895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An analysis of an LQR design for a hybrid power plant’s load-sharing problem","authors":"Joni Vasara,&nbsp;István Selek","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100327","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100327","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper analyzes the design of a Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) for a hybrid power plant providing Frequency Containment Reserve (FCR). The analysis focuses on the selection of the LQR’s weighting coefficients aiming to achieve the highest possible turbine stress reduction by distributing the hybrid plant’s gross power between a turbine and energy storage. In this study, the LQR was formulated to approximate the constrained optimization problem related to load sharing. To find the weighting coefficients of the LQR, an approach is presented that utilizes the optimal solution of the load-sharing problem. The evaluation revealed that the weight selection principle can be presented in an analytic form containing the important parameters related to the hybrid plant operation. The analytic solution was validated with numerical methods. The simulations verified that the best attainable turbine stress reduction can be obtained with the proposed design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29926,"journal":{"name":"IFAC Journal of Systems and Control","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100327"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144685771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive energy scheduling of smart parking infrastructure with solar-powered electric vehicles","authors":"Saba Askari Noghani,&nbsp;Paolo Scarabaggio,&nbsp;Raffaele Carli,&nbsp;Mariagrazia Dotoli","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a novel model predictive control framework for managing energy flow in smart parking infrastructures with renewable energy facilities, electric vehicles, and solar-powered electric vehicles. The proposed control framework minimizes the energy costs for the parking lot operators, ensuring the user-defined charge levels for vehicles at departure, and protecting the charging infrastructure during operation. Field validation on Lonsdale Street, Melbourne (Australia)—using real data on vehicle behavior, solar irradiance, and energy prices—shows significant grid load reduction even with partial solar production. Compared to a rule-based strategy, the MPC approach reduces operational costs by 15.32% and energy demand by 6.12%. Lastly, we show that the proposed framework is robust under forecast uncertainty, supporting its practical deployment in dynamic real-world environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29926,"journal":{"name":"IFAC Journal of Systems and Control","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100322"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144724955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coevolution of actions and opinions in networks of coordinating and anti-coordinating agents","authors":"Hong Liang ,&nbsp;Mengbin Ye ,&nbsp;Lorenzo Zino ,&nbsp;Weiguo Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100325","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we investigate the dynamics of coordinating and anti-coordinating agents in a coevolutionary model for actions and opinions. In the model, individuals in a population interact on a two-layer network, sharing their opinions and observing others’ actions, while revising their own opinions and actions according to a game-theoretic mechanism grounded in social psychology literature. First, we consider the scenario of coordinating agents, where convergence to a Nash equilibrium (NE) is guaranteed. We identify conditions for reaching consensus configurations and establish regions of attraction for these equilibria. Second, we study networks of anti-coordinating agents. Here, we prove that all trajectories converge to an NE by leveraging potential game theory. Then, we establish analytical conditions on the network structure and model parameters to guarantee the existence of consensus and polarized equilibria, characterizing their regions of attraction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29926,"journal":{"name":"IFAC Journal of Systems and Control","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100325"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144654359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-silico evaluation of three control methodologies with model adaptation to minimize risk of overdosing in anesthesia","authors":"Clara M. Ionescu ,&nbsp;Bora Ayvaz ,&nbsp;Robin De Keyser,&nbsp;Erhan Yumuk,&nbsp;Dana Copot","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100324","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100324","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ideal conditions for extracting good models for control are not attainable in clinical settings, due to patient safety and further enforced by ethical and regulatory frameworks. From prior observations, the patient model defined by the pharmacokinetic part is piecewise linear and mostly invariant among the patients, while the drug–dose effect relationship exhibits large variability, resulting in significant large gain variations in patient’s model. In this paper, we propose a model for the gain adaptation as a two-input (Propofol and Remifentanil) one output (hypnotic state BIS variable) linear area of the nonlinear surface of the dose–effect for general anesthesia. The new patient model is used for tuning controllers without over-dosing, i.e. no BIS-nadir values below 50 and avoid negative values of median prediction error indicative of over-dosing. A comparison of target controlled infusion (this is manual control with anesthesiologist closing the loop) against two control strategies is performed. A model based predictive control and a PID control scheme with model adaptation and co-administration in ratio control mode are compared before and after the patient model adaptation. The results indicate the adaptation step minimizes risk for over-dosing, as it minimizes modeling errors. Robustness of controllers has been assessed before the identification, encouraging the claim that predictive control closely mimics the human-in-the-loop target controlled infusion profiles. Evaluation criteria from clinical practice further enhance the added value of our solution. Real clinical data evaluation confirms the results from the simulation tests, showing a considerable match between the drug profiles titrated by anesthesiologist and those calculated by the proposed control algorithms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29926,"journal":{"name":"IFAC Journal of Systems and Control","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100324"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144513874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Slosh attenuation via Reference Governor-based adaptive control for space operations under actuators constraints","authors":"Guido Magnani ,&nbsp;Mario Cassaro ,&nbsp;Jean-Marc Biannic ,&nbsp;Hélène Evain ,&nbsp;Laurent Burlion","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100321","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100321","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper deals with satellite attitude control in the presence of actuator constraints and unmodeled disturbances. A model reference adaptive control law enhances the satellite control strategy to compensate for the perturbations and ensure precise user-defined closed-loop system performance. This result is consequently employed to build a scalar robust reference governor to enforce the system constraints with limited conservatism. The methodology is illustrated on a single-axis satellite in the presence of sloshing and flexible appendages disturbances, and equipped with reaction wheels subject to torque and angular momentum saturation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29926,"journal":{"name":"IFAC Journal of Systems and Control","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100321"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144321568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the potential of standardized behaviour competencies in automated driving systems","authors":"Georg Stettinger ,&nbsp;Patrick Weissensteiner ,&nbsp;Nayel Fabian Salem ,&nbsp;Marcus Nolte ,&nbsp;Siddartha Khastgir","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100320","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100320","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a comprehensive impact assessment to explore the potential benefits of harmonized behaviour competencies (BC) for automated driving systems (ADS). Typically, ADS-equipped vehicles operate within certain boundaries specified by an operational design domain (ODD), utilizing the relevant implemented BCs. Nonetheless, many regulatory and standardization-relevant documents employ BC attributes in a non-harmonized manner. The study delves into BC-related activities and applications throughout the entire ADS life cycle, affecting all aspects of the ADS value chain, to gain a deeper understanding of the diverse needs of various stakeholders. BCs are linked to one of the four primary requirement sources at the system level. ADS-related BCs are defined through a multidisciplinary approach driven by their underlying core operating principle: the well-known sense-plan-act cycle. The crucial element within the BC specification is the identified manoeuvre pool, which forms the basis for implementing any route from point A to point B. The individual manoeuvres within the manoeuvre pool are defined by considering the needs of multiple stakeholders. They are based on three essential components: the initial condition, the expected manoeuvre, and the final condition. Furthermore, trustworthy behaviour competencies are specified, encompassing three pillars: robustness, ethics, and lawfulness. Following a detailed stakeholder analysis, several related applications are discussed to highlight the concrete advantages of implementing standardized BCs. The study concludes with a summary of the impact analysis, emphasizing key findings and action points. Lastly, a roadmap is proposed to integrate trustworthy BCs into future ADS. Concretely, the authors developed the following innovations within the scope of this article: (1) Concept for trustworthy behaviour competencies driven by law, ethics, and robustness. (2) Robustness is defined as passenger &amp; ODD awareness and plannable &amp; executable manoeuvre. (3) Manoeuvre pool necessary to implement an arbitrary route from point A to point B. (4) Manoeuvre specification via initial condition, expected behaviour, and final condition. (5) The potential benefits of harmonized behaviour competencies drive impact assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29926,"journal":{"name":"IFAC Journal of Systems and Control","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100320"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144313352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimized droop control strategy for efficiency improvement in islanded AC microgrid","authors":"Md Akib Hasan ,&nbsp;Md Showkot Hossain ,&nbsp;Mohd Azrik Roslan ,&nbsp;Azralmukmin Azmi ,&nbsp;Leong Jenn Hwai ,&nbsp;Ahmad Afif Nazib ,&nbsp;Noor Syafawati Ahmad","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100319","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100319","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing integration of renewable energy sources has accelerated the adoption of microgrids, necessitating efficient power-sharing and control techniques for reliable operation. This study proposes an optimized droop control technique for parallel inverters in islanded AC microgrids, focusing on improving system efficiency. Conventional droop methods often encounter challenges in power-sharing accuracy under varying load conditions due to mismatched feeder impedances and differing power loss characteristics of distributed generators (DGs). To address these issues, the proposed method dynamically adjusts droop coefficients using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to optimize power distribution, reduce circulating currents, and improve energy conversion efficiency while maintaining system modularity. A system-level microgrid efficiency model is designed to identify optimal operating points under diverse load profiles. Comparative analysis demonstrates that the proposed PSO-based controller consistently outperforms conventional droop methods, achieving system efficiency improvements ranging from 0.11% to 0.52% across various load conditions and power factors. Simulation results from PSIM and MATLAB/Simulink further highlight reduced circulating currents, enhanced energy conversion efficiency, and improved system stability. These findings underscore the potential of PSO-driven control as a scalable and communication-free solution for efficiency optimization in decentralized microgrids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29926,"journal":{"name":"IFAC Journal of Systems and Control","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100319"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144587719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive command-filtered control for nonlinear systems with actuator faults and unknown control directions","authors":"Chenxuan Sheng ,&nbsp;Guobao Liu ,&nbsp;Huai Liu ,&nbsp;Siyu Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100318","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100318","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper focuses on the issue of adaptive fuzzy control for nonlinear systems with actuator faults and unknown control directions. Command filtering techniques are integrated with the Nussbaum function to address the issue of complexity explosion and to compensate for the effects of unknown control directions. This approach effectively compensates for filtering errors. In the presence of actuator faults and disturbances, an actuator fault compensation auxiliary system is designed to resolve the signal mismatch between the controller and the actuator. By utilizing Lyapunov stability theory and backstepping control methods, it is proven that the tracking error can ultimately converge to a small neighborhood near the origin. Furthermore, in accordance with the control design, all signals within the system remain bounded. Finally, the effectiveness of this control strategy can be validated through simulations of a circuit containing a nonlinear controlled source and nonlinear pendulum model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29926,"journal":{"name":"IFAC Journal of Systems and Control","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100318"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144313353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Air quality analysis and modelling of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) of Ghaziabad city in India using Artificial Intelligence techniques","authors":"Patil Aashish Suhas,&nbsp;Aneesh Mathew,&nbsp;Chinthu Naresh","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100315","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2025.100315","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Air pollution affects 91% of the global population, causing approximately 4.2 million deaths annually, according to the World Health Organization. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of spatiotemporal air quality patterns in Ghaziabad, focusing on seasonal variations, aerosol characteristics, correlation analysis, machine learning-based modelling, sensitivity analysis, and short-term prediction of PM&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;2.5&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; and PM&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt; concentrations using data from four monitoring stations (MS1, MS2, MS3, MS4). Alarming levels of PM&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt; and PM&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;2.5&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, frequently exceeding permissible standards, were observed, particularly at MS2, where industrial activities led to an 81.29% exceedance rate for PM&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt; with a maximum concentration increase of 447.23%. PM&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;2.5&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; concentrations at MS2 reached &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;360&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;93&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;μ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;g&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, representing a 501.55% increase. Meteorological circumstances, particularly during winter, significantly increased pollution levels. SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and ozone concentrations adhered to CPCB (Central Pollution Control Board) guidelines; nonetheless, winter months experienced a significant increase in overall pollutant levels. Positive correlations were identified between PM&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;2.5&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; and PM&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt; with NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; (r &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; 0.54, r &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; 0.51), CO (r &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; 0.51, r &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; 0.45), and SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; (r &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; 0.18, r &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; 0.34), while negative correlations were noted with ozone (r &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; −0.02, r &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; −0.18), wind speed (r &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; −0.17, r &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; −0.20), and relative humidity (r &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; −0.08, r &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; −0.37). Solar radiation also showed a negative correlation (r &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; −0.32, r &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; −0.13). The study optimized predictive models for air quality forecasting using historical data. The XGBoost model outperformed others in predicting PM&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;2.5&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; and PM&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt; concentrations, achieving the lowest Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and highest R&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; values (PM&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;2.5&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;: MAE &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;13&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;24&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;μ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;g&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;/m&lt;su","PeriodicalId":29926,"journal":{"name":"IFAC Journal of Systems and Control","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 100315"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144204247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}