ACS Measurement Science Au最新文献

{"title":"Implications of Extra-column Effects for Targeted or Untargeted Microflow LC-MS","authors":"Troy T. Handlovic,&nbsp;Umang Dhaubhadel,&nbsp;Ondřej Horáček,&nbsp;Martin Novák,&nbsp;Lucie Nováková and Daniel W. Armstrong,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.5c0001510.1021/acsmeasuresciau.5c00015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.5c00015https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.5c00015","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Mass spectrometry (MS) has changed our understanding of health, disease, and the environment through untargeted analyses where entire molecular classes are investigated. These techniques generate huge amounts of data which when processed by statistical tools can identify important molecular features or biomarkers. The complexities of these samples are not compatible with direct introduction to the MS system and require a high-resolution separation step, typically low flow liquid chromatography (LC), prior to MS. LC columns that can produce adequate linear velocities at these low flow rates are small in volume making their results susceptible to resolution loss in extra-column volumes. Here, we investigate the implications of the extra-column effects in five LC-MS systems with triple quadrupole and orbitrap mass analyzers. The extra-column volume of these systems in their standard configuration ranged from 26.4 to 78.1 μL which we reduced to 9.57 to 18.7 μL by optimizing the fluidics. The effects of this volume reduction were assessed by studying a hydrolyzed protein sample in a proteomics environment where the intensity of the largest MS peak was improved by 1.8–3.8×. Additionally, the number of molecular features detected in the protein sample improved by up to 7.5×. The relationship between extra-column volumetric variance and flow rate shows that broadening will become much larger for MS detectors at higher flow rates, unlike a traditional small volume UV detector. The methods, applications, and theoretical insights in this work can be used to improve the mass spectrometric results of any LC-MS system.</p>","PeriodicalId":29800,"journal":{"name":"ACS Measurement Science Au","volume":"5 3","pages":"332–344 332–344"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.5c00015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144305844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facile, Noninvasive, and Chemical-Free Hydrogen Peroxide and Glucose Detection Using a Fluorescent Cellulose Hybrid Film Embedded with PtRu/Carbon Dots","authors":"Nichapat Juntree,&nbsp;Sopanat Sawatdee,&nbsp;Pisut Pongchaikul,&nbsp;Pariyapat Arjfuk,&nbsp;Wanwitoo Wanmolee,&nbsp;Pongtanawat Khemthong,&nbsp;Narong Chanlek,&nbsp;Atthapon Srifa,&nbsp;Pattaraporn Posoknistakul,&nbsp;Navadol Laosiripojana,&nbsp;Kevin C. W. Wu and Chularat Sakdaronnarong*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.5c0001110.1021/acsmeasuresciau.5c00011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.5c00011https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.5c00011","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Diabetes affects over 8.8% of the global population, driving demand for noninvasive glucose detection methods. Traditional enzymatic assays are sensitive but face challenges such as high cost, complex preparation, low stability, and enzyme denaturation. This study aimed to enhance glucose detection sensitivity with a noninvasive easy-to-use technique using a fluorescent cellulose film. Lignin-derived carbon dots (LCDs) were synthesized as cost-effective, stable nanozymes for fluorescence-based glucose sensing. It was found that doping noble metal Ru onto Pt/LCDs synthesized in water mimicked peroxidase enzyme and could enhance the reactivity and sensitivity to ultralow levels for glucose detection at room temperature. To fabricate a wearable sensor, a transparent cellulose film embedded with PtRu/LCDs and glucose oxidase (GOx) was fabricated for biocompatible glucose sensing. The film achieved sensitive detection in the range of 0.05–1.0 mM (<i>R</i>² = 0.94) with a detection limit of 50 μM, suitable for noninvasive glucose detection in saliva, tears, and sweat. This study highlights the potential of the PtRu/LCD-based cellulose film for highly sensitive, wearable glucose sensors compatible with smartphone applications, offering a simple, real-time, noninvasive, fast, and chemical reagent-free glucose sensing for preventive healthcare.</p>","PeriodicalId":29800,"journal":{"name":"ACS Measurement Science Au","volume":"5 3","pages":"304–324 304–324"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.5c00011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144305843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Size-Dependent Electrochemical and Morphological Properties of Magnetite Nanoparticles Adsorbed on Electrodes","authors":"Gayan Premaratne,&nbsp;Silan Bhandari,&nbsp;Charuksha Walgama*,&nbsp;Bhaskara V. Chikkaveeraiah,&nbsp;Albert Jin and Sadagopan Krishnan*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.5c0001410.1021/acsmeasuresciau.5c00014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.5c00014https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.5c00014","url":null,"abstract":"<p >We investigated the influence of particle size on the electrochemical behavior of Fe₃O₄ magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) electrostatically adsorbed onto graphite electrodes modified with a preadsorbed poly(ethylenimine) polycation layer. Three hydrodynamic sizes (50, 100, and 200 nm) were selected to assess size-dependent differences in electrochemical response using cyclic voltammetry under well-controlled adsorption and measurement conditions. The 50 nm MNPs exhibited the highest electroactive response and peroxidase-like electrocatalytic currents, which are consistent with greater surface area-to-volume ratios. Qualitative image analysis from atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed closer particle spacing and more extended surface contact for the smaller MNPs, in contrast to isolated aggregates formed by larger particles. These surface-level differences were reflected in the electrochemical signals, where the 50 nm particles yielded higher electroactive surface coverage. The study demonstrates how particle size and interfacial organization influence electrochemical readouts, underscoring the utility of correlating microscopy with electrochemical data to evaluate nanoparticle-based sensing interfaces.</p>","PeriodicalId":29800,"journal":{"name":"ACS Measurement Science Au","volume":"5 3","pages":"325–331 325–331"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.5c00014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144305842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subcellular Mechanical Imaging of Erythrocytes with Optically Correlated Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy","authors":"Yunong Wang,&nbsp;Malavika Shashishekar,&nbsp;Dana M. Spence* and Lane A. Baker*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.5c0001910.1021/acsmeasuresciau.5c00019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.5c00019https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.5c00019","url":null,"abstract":"<p >We report mapping the mechanical properties of human red blood cells at submicron scales. Mapping is achieved via a new approach to scanning ion conductance microscopy correlated with optical microscopy. A three-point calibration and affine transformation are utilized to correlate pixel locations registered in optical images with pipette position, which facilitates initial targeting and subsequent tracking and analysis of red blood cells. By recording the response of pipette approach curves and sample compliance at each approach, maps of the Young’s modulus of samples and pipette indentation are recorded at subcellular spatial resolution. Comparison of normal and diamide-treated red blood cells shows a significant increase in cell stiffness and a concomitant decrease in deformability, clearly demonstrating the quantitative abilities of the correlative approach taken here for stiffness measurements of intact cellular samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":29800,"journal":{"name":"ACS Measurement Science Au","volume":"5 3","pages":"345–352 345–352"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.5c00019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144305736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transient Single Cell Hypoxia Induced by Localized Galvanostatic Oxygen Challenge","authors":"Marlene H. Hill,&nbsp;Gabriel N. Meloni,&nbsp;Bruno G. Frenguelli and Patrick R. Unwin*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c0010010.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c00100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c00100https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c00100","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Studying cells exposed to low and controllable oxygen levels is key to investigating various fundamental aspects of pathological states, such as stroke and cancer. At present, available methodologies applied in vitro focus on large groups of cells exposed to low oxygen conditions through slow-time approaches, such as environmental incubators or microfluidic devices. Here, we demonstrate a novel approach for titrating the local oxygen concentration around individual adhered PC12 cells, enabling single cells within a population to be exposed to hypoxic-like conditions. A 25 μm diameter platinum disk microelectrode performing the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at constant current (galvanostatic control) is used as a microscale oxygen scavenger that can be positioned precisely over individual cells. By coupling the galvanostatic oxygen challenge with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and a commercially available hypoxia dye (Image-iT Green hypoxia reagent), we monitor the response of single cells when exposed to depleted oxygen concentrations over time. Numerical simulations are used to characterize the oxygen and pH gradient imposed by the microelectrode at different cathodic currents, revealing that within seconds, the oxygen depletion zone reaches a steady-state condition, extending a few microelectrode radii into solution, while the corresponding pH gradient is strongly compressed by the buffer solution. Cells under the microelectrode show a marked increase in average fluorescence rate relative to control, reporting their hypoxic conditions and demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method. Heterogenous cell response in a challenged group is also observed, highlighting the ability of this approach to investigate the natural heterogeneity in cell populations. This work provides a platform and roadmap for future studies of cellular systems where the ability to control and vary oxygen concentration on a rapid time scale would be beneficial.</p>","PeriodicalId":29800,"journal":{"name":"ACS Measurement Science Au","volume":"5 2","pages":"234–241 234–241"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c00100","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143832725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transient Single Cell Hypoxia Induced by Localized Galvanostatic Oxygen Challenge.","authors":"Marlene H Hill, Gabriel N Meloni, Bruno G Frenguelli, Patrick R Unwin","doi":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c00100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c00100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Studying cells exposed to low and controllable oxygen levels is key to investigating various fundamental aspects of pathological states, such as stroke and cancer. At present, available methodologies applied in vitro focus on large groups of cells exposed to low oxygen conditions through slow-time approaches, such as environmental incubators or microfluidic devices. Here, we demonstrate a novel approach for titrating the local oxygen concentration around individual adhered PC12 cells, enabling single cells within a population to be exposed to hypoxic-like conditions. A 25 μm diameter platinum disk microelectrode performing the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at constant current (galvanostatic control) is used as a microscale oxygen scavenger that can be positioned precisely over individual cells. By coupling the galvanostatic oxygen challenge with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and a commercially available hypoxia dye (Image-iT Green hypoxia reagent), we monitor the response of single cells when exposed to depleted oxygen concentrations over time. Numerical simulations are used to characterize the oxygen and pH gradient imposed by the microelectrode at different cathodic currents, revealing that within seconds, the oxygen depletion zone reaches a steady-state condition, extending a few microelectrode radii into solution, while the corresponding pH gradient is strongly compressed by the buffer solution. Cells under the microelectrode show a marked increase in average fluorescence rate relative to control, reporting their hypoxic conditions and demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method. Heterogenous cell response in a challenged group is also observed, highlighting the ability of this approach to investigate the natural heterogeneity in cell populations. This work provides a platform and roadmap for future studies of cellular systems where the ability to control and vary oxygen concentration on a rapid time scale would be beneficial.</p>","PeriodicalId":29800,"journal":{"name":"ACS Measurement Science Au","volume":"5 2","pages":"234-241"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12006948/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144050689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Tutorial for Scanning Electrochemical Cell Microscopy (SECCM) Measurements: Step-by-Step Instructions, Visual Resources, and Guidance for First Experiments","authors":"Kamsy Lerae Anderson,&nbsp; and ,&nbsp;Martin Andrew Edwards*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c0009110.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c00091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c00091https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c00091","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) produces nanoscale-resolution electrochemical maps of electrode surfaces using the meniscus at the tip of an electrolyte-filled nanopipette as a mobile electrochemical cell. While the use and range of applications of SECCM have grown rapidly since its introduction, the pathway to performing SECCM measurements can be daunting to those without direct access to expert users. This work fills this expertise gap by providing a step-by-step guide to performing one’s first SECCM experiments, including troubleshooting strategies, videos/images, suggested parameters and experimental systems, and representative data (of both successful experiments and common problems). No background in SECCM is assumed and fundamentals are clearly explained at each stage with a rationale for the experimental steps provided. This work provides an entry point for the uninitiated to understand and use this powerful nanoscale electrochemical characterization technique.</p>","PeriodicalId":29800,"journal":{"name":"ACS Measurement Science Au","volume":"5 2","pages":"160–177 160–177"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c00091","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143832930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Tutorial for Scanning Electrochemical Cell Microscopy (SECCM) Measurements: Step-by-Step Instructions, Visual Resources, and Guidance for First Experiments.","authors":"Kamsy Lerae Anderson, Martin Andrew Edwards","doi":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c00091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c00091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) produces nanoscale-resolution electrochemical maps of electrode surfaces using the meniscus at the tip of an electrolyte-filled nanopipette as a mobile electrochemical cell. While the use and range of applications of SECCM have grown rapidly since its introduction, the pathway to performing SECCM measurements can be daunting to those without direct access to expert users. This work fills this expertise gap by providing a step-by-step guide to performing one's first SECCM experiments, including troubleshooting strategies, videos/images, suggested parameters and experimental systems, and representative data (of both successful experiments and common problems). No background in SECCM is assumed and fundamentals are clearly explained at each stage with a rationale for the experimental steps provided. This work provides an entry point for the uninitiated to understand and use this powerful nanoscale electrochemical characterization technique.</p>","PeriodicalId":29800,"journal":{"name":"ACS Measurement Science Au","volume":"5 2","pages":"160-177"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12006954/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144049851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Fast Immunosensor Based on Biohybrid Self-Assembled Nanostructures for the Detection of KYNA as a Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarker for Alzehimer’s Disease","authors":"A. Narváez*,&nbsp;J. Jiménez,&nbsp;M. Rodríguez-Núñez,&nbsp;M. Torre,&nbsp;E. Carro,&nbsp;M.-P. Marco and E. Domínguez,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c0010210.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c00102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c00102https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c00102","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Although the role of kynurenic acid (KYNA) is not yet fully understood, recent research has implicated this tryptophan (Trp) metabolite as a significant biomarker in neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we developed an immunosensor platform based on self-assembled polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs), employing an enzyme-labeled immunoreagent in a competitive displacement format that requires only a single wash step. This immunosensor enables the detection of KYNA and Trp with detection limits (LOD) of 9 pg/mL and 1.2 ng/mL, respectively. Results validated by traditional ELISA methods indicated elevated levels of KYNA and an increased KYNA/Trp ratio in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of Alzheimer’s patients compared to controls, consistent with previous findings. Additionally, this immunosensor platform can be readily adapted to detect other neuroactive Trp metabolites by substituting specific immunoreagents, supporting a flexible profile-based approach. This platform could serve as a rapid, cost-effective clinical tool for monitoring neurological and psychiatric disorders, potentially advancing therapeutic strategy development.</p>","PeriodicalId":29800,"journal":{"name":"ACS Measurement Science Au","volume":"5 2","pages":"242–249 242–249"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c00102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143832641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Fast Immunosensor Based on Biohybrid Self-Assembled Nanostructures for the Detection of KYNA as a Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarker for Alzehimer's Disease.","authors":"A Narváez, J Jiménez, M Rodríguez-Núñez, M Torre, E Carro, M-P Marco, E Domínguez","doi":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c00102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c00102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although the role of kynurenic acid (KYNA) is not yet fully understood, recent research has implicated this tryptophan (Trp) metabolite as a significant biomarker in neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we developed an immunosensor platform based on self-assembled polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs), employing an enzyme-labeled immunoreagent in a competitive displacement format that requires only a single wash step. This immunosensor enables the detection of KYNA and Trp with detection limits (LOD) of 9 pg/mL and 1.2 ng/mL, respectively. Results validated by traditional ELISA methods indicated elevated levels of KYNA and an increased KYNA/Trp ratio in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of Alzheimer's patients compared to controls, consistent with previous findings. Additionally, this immunosensor platform can be readily adapted to detect other neuroactive Trp metabolites by substituting specific immunoreagents, supporting a flexible profile-based approach. This platform could serve as a rapid, cost-effective clinical tool for monitoring neurological and psychiatric disorders, potentially advancing therapeutic strategy development.</p>","PeriodicalId":29800,"journal":{"name":"ACS Measurement Science Au","volume":"5 2","pages":"242-249"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12006949/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144056437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}