ACS Measurement Science Au最新文献

{"title":"A One-Pot RT-LAMP Diagnostic Assay for SARS-CoV‑2 from Saliva Samples.","authors":"Andrea C Mora, Allison J Tierney, Alexandra K Sogn, Paul T Lawrence, Elizabeth Tzavaras, Mabi L Singh, Gustavo Mahn Arteaga, Fiorenzo G Omenetto, Athena Papas, Charles R Mace","doi":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.5c00063","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.5c00063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Results of efforts to diagnose infections with SARS-CoV-2 using a sampling method that was less invasive than the nasopharyngeal swab led to the rapid adoption of anterior nasal swabs. Saliva was also shown to have potential as a sample matrix and, like anterior nasal swabs, could be obtained noninvasively (e.g., passive drool). However, due to its inherent complexity and heterogeneity across patient populations (e.g., presence of mucins and RNases), saliva was largely disregarded as point-of-care diagnostics were being developed and broadly implemented. For molecular diagnostic approaches (e.g., RT-PCR or RT-LAMP), these matrix effects from saliva could lead to undesirable false positives or false negatives. The opportunity to address these challenges by normalizing the performance of saliva could enable important applications of molecular tests, particularly at the point-of-care. Toward these goals, we developed a one-pot RT-LAMP assay for the colorimetric detection of SARS-CoV-2 from saliva samples. The assay is performed in five steps: (i) a patient collects a passive saliva sample, (ii) the sample is placed on a heat block for 10 min at 95 °C, (iii) the undiluted sample is added to the one-pot RT-LAMP assay, (iv) the RT-LAMP reaction tube is place on a heat block for 40 min at 65 °C, and, (v) immediately postamplification, the reaction tube is inverted to observe the colorimetric output. We demonstrated the clinical performance of our assay using a panel of 127 patient samples. Our assay had an overall accuracy of 98%, with a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 100%. These results indicate excellent diagnostic agreement with the gold standard, RT-PCR, and highlight the potential to improve the clinical utility of saliva for point-of-care (e.g., mobile clinics) testing of SARS-CoV-2 and other upper respiratory viruses and emerging pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":29800,"journal":{"name":"ACS Measurement Science Au","volume":"5 5","pages":"708-715"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12532060/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145330056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expanding the Toolbox of Simple, Cost-Efficient, and Automatable Methods for Quantifying Surface Functional Groups on NanoparticlesPotentiometric Titration.","authors":"Isabella Tavernaro, Philipp C Sander, Elina Andresen, Uwe Schedler, Ute Resch-Genger","doi":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.5c00062","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.5c00062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Measuring surface functional groups (FGs) on nanomaterials (NMs) is essential for designing dispersible and stable NMs with tailored and predictable functionality. FG screening and quantification also plays a critical role for subsequent processing steps, NM long-term stability, quality control of NM production, and risk assessment studies and enables the implementation of sustainable and safe-(r)-by-design concepts. This calls for simple and cost-efficient methods for broadly utilized FGs that can be ideally automated to speed up FG screening, monitoring, and quantification. To expand our NM surface analysis toolbox, focusing on simple methods and broadly available, cost-efficient instrumentation, we explored a NM-adapted pH titration method with potentiometric and optical readout for measuring the total number of (de)-protonable FGs on representatively chosen commercial and custom-made aminated silica nanoparticles (SiO₂ NPs). The accuracy and robustness of our stepwise optimized workflows was assessed by several operators in two laboratories and method validation was done by cross-comparison with two analytical methods relying on different signal generation principles. This included traceable, chemo-selective quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (qNMR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), providing the amounts of amino silanes released by particle dissolution and the total mass of the surface coatings. A comparison of the potentiometric titration results with the reporter-specific amounts of surface amino FGs determined with the previously automated fluorescamine (Fluram) assay highlights the importance of determining both quantities for surface-functionalized NMs. In the future, combined NM surface analysis with optical assays and pH titration will simplify quality control of NM production processes and stability studies and can yield large data sets for NM grouping that facilitates further developments in regulation and standardization.</p>","PeriodicalId":29800,"journal":{"name":"ACS Measurement Science Au","volume":"5 5","pages":"695-707"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12532055/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145330137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid Vibrational Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy via Synchronized Photoelastic Modulator-Quantum Cascade Laser Integration.","authors":"Viviana Arrunategui Norvick, Michael Le, Eric Modesitt, Owen Myers, Roya Akrami, Yamuna Phal","doi":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.5c00069","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.5c00069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accurate and rapid analysis of chirality is crucial for understanding biological processes and molecular interactions, yet traditional vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) techniques are limited by long acquisition times and low throughput. We present a quantum cascade laser (QCL)-based VCD system that integrates a photoelastic modulator (PEM) with pulsed laser sources, using precise temporal synchronization and a novel calibration method based on Welch's power spectral density analysis. This hardware-software integration enables real-time demodulation without the need for conventional lock-in amplifiers and achieves accurate, high-SNR VCD spectra of α-pinene (±) mixtures with high reproducibility. Real-time enantiomeric excess determination is achieved with a 10× improvement in speed and a 5× enhancement in SNR compared to conventional VCD methods. These advancements pave the way for high-throughput and nondestructive chiral analysis, with potential applications in biosensing, structural biology, and pharmaceutical research.</p>","PeriodicalId":29800,"journal":{"name":"ACS Measurement Science Au","volume":"5 5","pages":"729-739"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12532062/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145329940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating High-Resolution Cyclic Ion Mobility Separations with Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Collision Cross Section Measurements for Human Milk Oligosaccharide Sequencing.","authors":"Sanaz C Habibi, Sophie C Baird, Storm Bowser, Gabe Nagy","doi":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.5c00083","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.5c00083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a biologically important class of carbohydrates responsible for promoting the healthy development of infants. However, to better understand their specific biological roles, analytical techniques are needed to unambiguously characterize them. While liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) remains the gold standard for HMO analysis, new orthogonal techniques are desired for improving their isomer analysis. Ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (IMS-MS) has emerged as a complementary technique to LC-MS/MS but has seen little use toward HMO sequencing analysis beyond the construction of collision cross section (CCS) databases. In this work, we describe the use of collision-induced dissociation performed prior to high-resolution cyclic ion mobility separations (i.e., pre-cIMS CID) in conjunction with CCS measurements to characterize the linkage positioning in various HMOs irrespective of the starting precursor ion. We then demonstrated how our developed approach could be used to sequence an unknown HMO present in a purified extract. Lastly, we applied our workflow to sequence an isomeric mixture in the same extract using cIMS/cIMS instead of pre-cIMS CID. Overall, our developed approach is a first step toward standard-free <i>de novo</i> HMO sequencing as well as being a complementary and orthogonal method to existing LC-MS/MS-based workflows.</p>","PeriodicalId":29800,"journal":{"name":"ACS Measurement Science Au","volume":"5 5","pages":"751-759"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12532065/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145330231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatially Resolved Differentiation of Functional Degradation and Perforating Structural Defects in Membrane Electrode Assemblies Using Diffusion-Cell Coupled DC-SECM.","authors":"Susanne Thiel, Maik Eichelbaum","doi":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.5c00071","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.5c00071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In order to increase the lifetime of polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells (PEMFCs) and water electrolyzers (PEMWEs), understanding local degeneration processes in membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) is crucial. By a combination of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) with a flow-through diffusion cell (DiffC-DC-SECM) and ferrocyanide and protons as redox mediators, a spatially resolved analytical method was developed that can differentiate between different functional and structural degeneration phenomena in the aging process of a membrane. An SECM scan at cathodic potential detects the diffusion of protons through the membrane and thus its through-plane proton conductivity, while a second SECM scan at anodic potential visualizes the diffusion of the iron complex through the membrane, thus perforating structural damage such as cracks and holes. The method was successfully validated for the spatially resolved differentiation of membrane damage in pristine PEMs and catalyst-coated membranes (CCMs) with artificial holes, chemically aged CCMs, and MEAs in fully assembled operational PEMFCs aged by an open-circuit voltage membrane accelerated stress test. DiffC-DC-SECM thus provides a powerful technique with high local resolution for membrane integrity testing under realistic operation conditions to develop long-term durable materials for PEMFCs and PEMWEs.</p>","PeriodicalId":29800,"journal":{"name":"ACS Measurement Science Au","volume":"5 5","pages":"740-750"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12532053/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145330005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Raman Spectroscopy for Nitrate Detection in Water: A Review of the Current State of Art","authors":"Lorenzo Luciani,&nbsp;Antonio Nocera,&nbsp;Michela Raimondi,&nbsp;Gianluca Ciattaglia,&nbsp;Susanna Spinsante,&nbsp;Ennio Gambi and Rossana Galassi*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.5c00016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.5c00016","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The contamination of natural basins by agricultural or industrial activities, and the growing need for potable water due to climate changes accelerate the drive to find versatile, fast, practical, and easy-to-use methods for water analysis. A potentially versatile technique suitable for water analysis is Raman Spectroscopy (RS). Featured by good resolution but low sensitivity, RS detects molecular vibrational modes of an analyte in water. Nitrate is an indicator of chemical and/or biological pollution, it displays Raman active vibrational modes affected by the interaction with other systems in solution, allowing a wide range of applications. Concerning Nitrate analysis in water, a general introduction to the Raman effect and the basic instrumentation were herein discussed. RS is a potential solution to wastewater analysis. This review first reports the theoretical background of the technique and its basic working principles, then, the state-of-the-art scientific contributions related to Nitrate detection are investigated with a particular interest in the instrumental setup and the chemometric techniques employed to improve its sensitivity. In the studies hereby considered, instrumental setup (for example, laser frequency, laser power, acquisition times) and different technical solutions (for example, micro- versus macro-Raman instruments) to increase the technique’s sensitivity on Nitrate detection are described. Concisely, the use of deep-UV lasers, optically active Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) or Fiber-Enhanced Raman spectroscopy (FERS) equipment, coupled with instrumental settings, i.e. acquisition time, variable temperature of acquisition, use of special sampling apparatus (cuvettes or immersion probes), or with ion exchange resins for analyte enrichment, have been reported. Remarkably, examples of large data correction of unwanted fluorescence by mathematical processing or chemical quenching were reported too, suggesting solutions for the Raman analysis of wastewaters. Finally, a short digression on Machine Learning (ML) applied to RS is proposed, showing the promising results reported in other fields. Data-driven methods could be a solution to improve the low sensitivity of the RS for Nitrate detection. Hence, an approach of ML methods for the typical RS spectra processing (spike removal, baseline correction, fluorescence curve elimination, instrumental noise correction) was hereby mentioned, suggesting an improvement in the detection capability of Nitrate ion in water.</p>","PeriodicalId":29800,"journal":{"name":"ACS Measurement Science Au","volume":"5 4","pages":"443–460"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.5c00016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144863109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disposable Microchip Platform with Removable Actuators Using SAW Excitation","authors":"Akinobu Yamaguchi*,&nbsp;Masatoshi Takahashi,&nbsp;Satoshi Amaya and Tsunemasa Saiki,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.5c00027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.5c00027","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A surface-acoustic-wave-driven microactuator that allows separation of the piezoelectric substrate and chip has been fabricated and characterized. By simply placing the microactuator on a disposable chip, the microactuator did not contaminate the substrate with any reagent and could easily transport droplets and powders. The microactuator also allowed mixing of heterophase materials, such as powder and droplets, in a microfluidic well to increase their chemical reaction. This microactuator will enable significant cost savings and automation of plants and research facilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":29800,"journal":{"name":"ACS Measurement Science Au","volume":"5 4","pages":"489–496"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.5c00027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144863134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Absolute Quantitation of Phosphopeptides and Glycopeptides Using Coulometric Mass Spectrometry","authors":"Md Tanim-Al Hassan,&nbsp;Yongling Ai,&nbsp;Bhavya Deshaboina,&nbsp;Timothy Yaroshuk,&nbsp;Arjun Sharma,&nbsp;Quentin Young,&nbsp;Howard D. Dewald and Hao Chen*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.5c00047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.5c00047","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Phosphorylation and glycosylation are two important protein post-transitional modifications (PTMs). However, quantification of these PTMs is challenging due to the lack of protein or peptide standards. In this study, we introduced a novel approach using coulometric mass spectrometry (CMS) for absolute quantitation of phosphopeptides and glycopeptides without using standards. First, phosphorylated tyrosine peptides such as TSTEPQpYQPGENL and RRLIEDAEpYAARG can be converted into electrochemically active tyrosine peptides via enzymatic phosphate removal using alkaline phosphatase prior to CMS quantitation. Accurate quantitation was obtained with small quantitation errors (0.3–6.6%). Alternatively, for electrochemically inactive phosphopeptides and glycopeptides, derivatization of their N-termini with an NHS ester reagent, 2,5-dioxo-1-pyrrolidinyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzene propanoate (DPDP), was conducted to introduce one electroactive catechol tag, allowing the DPDP-derivatized peptides to be quantified by CMS. This strategy was first validated using peptides RGD, GGYR, phosphopeptide RRApSVA, and glycopeptide NYIVGQPSS(β-GlcNAc)TGNL–OH, and successful quantification was achieved with quantification errors less than 6%. Taking one step further, we applied this approach to quantify glycopeptides generated from tryptic digestion of the NIST monoclonal antibody (mAb). Through hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography column separation, five N297 glycopeptides were successfully derivatized, separated, and quantified by CMS without the use of standards. Due to the biological significance of PTMs, this study for quantifying peptides carrying PTMs would have a high potential for quantitative proteomics and biological research.</p>","PeriodicalId":29800,"journal":{"name":"ACS Measurement Science Au","volume":"5 4","pages":"559–571"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.5c00047","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144863094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disposable Printed Electrode Made with Chinese Shellac and Carbon Black for Melatonin Detection","authors":"Ana Luiza Molina de Cezar,&nbsp;Rafaela Cristina Freitas,&nbsp;Amanda Neumann and Bruno Campos Janegitz*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.5c00056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.5c00056","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) are an innovative technology in electrochemical sensors, offering advantages such as easy fabrication, large-scale production, low cost, and potential for miniaturization. These electrodes can be disposable and customized for various applications. Due to these advantages, SPEs are gaining attention in fields such as medicine and pharmacy. In this study, an electrochemical sensor was developed through screen-printing, using new conductive ink, compounded with carbon black, Chinese shellac, and acetone. The device was characterized by different approaches to analyze its characteristics, including scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry, and contact angle. Also, the electrochemical characterizations were performed by using cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy. The sensor was employed to detect melatonin, a sleep-regulating hormone, and, under optimized parameters, the analytical curve by differential pulse voltammetry exhibited a linear range from 1.0 to 100 μmol L^–1, with a limit of detection of 0.1 μmol L^–1. The device was applied to synthetic urine samples using the addition and recovery method, yielding recovery values from 86.7 to 110%. The results indicate that the conductive ink is suitable for manufacturing printed electrodes, and the device proved promising for melatonin detection.</p>","PeriodicalId":29800,"journal":{"name":"ACS Measurement Science Au","volume":"5 4","pages":"572–580"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.5c00056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144863030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Roles of Hydrogels, Deep Eutectic Solvents, and Ionic Liquids in Enzyme-Based Biosensors, Bioelectronics and Biomimetics Devices","authors":"Fhysmélia Firmino de Albuquerque,&nbsp;Rodrigo Michelin Iost and Frank Nelson Crespilho*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.5c00036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.5c00036","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The development of enzyme-based bioelectronic devices, including biosensors and biomimetic systems, has significantly advanced with the introduction of innovative materials such as hydrogels, deep eutectic solvents (DES), and ionic liquids (ILs). These materials offer unique advantages in enhancing biodevice performance, particularly in enzyme stabilization, biocompatibility, and electrochemical sensitivity. Hydrogels, known for their high water content and flexibility, provide an ideal matrix for enzyme immobilization in biological applications but are limited by low ionic conductivity. DES, with their green chemistry credentials and ability to stabilize enzymes under harsh conditions, show great promise, although scalability and performance in complex biological systems remain challenges. ILs, with their superior electron transfer capabilities, enable high sensitivity in electrochemical biosensors, though issues of viscosity and potential toxicity need to be addressed for broader biomedical use. This review provides a comparative analysis of the roles of these materials in enzyme-based biosensors and bioelectronics, including microbatteries and bioelectrosynthesis, highlighting their respective strengths, limitations, and future opportunities. The integration of these materials holds great potential for advancing bioelectronics technologies, with applications spanning medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and industrial processes. By addressing current challenges and optimizing these materials for large-scale use, the future of enzyme-based devices could see significant improvements in efficiency, sensitivity, and sustainability.</p>","PeriodicalId":29800,"journal":{"name":"ACS Measurement Science Au","volume":"5 4","pages":"424–442"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.5c00036","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144863099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}