ACS Measurement Science Au最新文献

{"title":"Multi-Pass Arrival Time Correction in Cyclic Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry for Imaging and Shotgun Lipidomics.","authors":"Pattipong Wisanpitayakorn, Narumol Jariyasopit, Kassaporn Duangkumpha, Jun Xian Goh, Martin E Palmer, Yongyut Sirivatanauksorn, Sakda Khoomrung","doi":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c00077","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c00077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Direct-infusion mass spectrometry (DI-MS) and mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) are powerful techniques for lipidomics research. However, annotating isomeric and isobaric lipids with these methods is challenging due to the absence of chromatographic separation. Recently, cyclic ion mobility mass spectrometry (cIM-MS) has been proposed to overcome this limitation. However, fluctuations in room conditions can affect ion mobility multipass arrival times, potentially reducing annotation confidence. In this study, we developed a multipass arrival time correction method that proved effective across various dates, room temperatures, ion mobility settings, and laboratories using mixtures of reference standards. We observed slight variations in the linear correction lines between lipid and nonlipid molecules, underscoring the importance of choosing appropriate reference molecules. Based on these results, we demonstrated that an accurate multipass arrival time database can be constructed from corrected <i>t</i> ₀ and <i>t</i> _p for interlaboratory use and can effectively identify isomeric lipids in MSI using only a single measurement. This approach significantly simplifies the identification process compared to determining multipass collision cross-section, which requires multiple measurements that are both sample- and time-intensive for MSI. Additionally, we validated our multipass drift time correction method in shotgun lipidomics analyses of human and mouse serum samples and observed no matrix effect for the analysis. Despite variations in dates, room temperatures, instruments, and ion mobility settings, our approach reduced the mean drift time differences from over 2% to below 0.2%.</p>","PeriodicalId":29800,"journal":{"name":"ACS Measurement Science Au","volume":"5 1","pages":"109-119"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11843504/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143484209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Pass Arrival Time Correction in Cyclic Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry for Imaging and Shotgun Lipidomics","authors":"Pattipong Wisanpitayakorn,&nbsp;Narumol Jariyasopit,&nbsp;Kassaporn Duangkumpha,&nbsp;Jun Xian Goh,&nbsp;Martin E. Palmer,&nbsp;Yongyut Sirivatanauksorn and Sakda Khoomrung*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c0007710.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c00077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c00077https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c00077","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Direct-infusion mass spectrometry (DI-MS) and mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) are powerful techniques for lipidomics research. However, annotating isomeric and isobaric lipids with these methods is challenging due to the absence of chromatographic separation. Recently, cyclic ion mobility mass spectrometry (cIM-MS) has been proposed to overcome this limitation. However, fluctuations in room conditions can affect ion mobility multipass arrival times, potentially reducing annotation confidence. In this study, we developed a multipass arrival time correction method that proved effective across various dates, room temperatures, ion mobility settings, and laboratories using mixtures of reference standards. We observed slight variations in the linear correction lines between lipid and nonlipid molecules, underscoring the importance of choosing appropriate reference molecules. Based on these results, we demonstrated that an accurate multipass arrival time database can be constructed from corrected <i>t</i>₀ and <i>t</i>_p for interlaboratory use and can effectively identify isomeric lipids in MSI using only a single measurement. This approach significantly simplifies the identification process compared to determining multipass collision cross-section, which requires multiple measurements that are both sample- and time-intensive for MSI. Additionally, we validated our multipass drift time correction method in shotgun lipidomics analyses of human and mouse serum samples and observed no matrix effect for the analysis. Despite variations in dates, room temperatures, instruments, and ion mobility settings, our approach reduced the mean drift time differences from over 2% to below 0.2%.</p>","PeriodicalId":29800,"journal":{"name":"ACS Measurement Science Au","volume":"5 1","pages":"109–119 109–119"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c00077","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143435894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Approaching to Calibration-Free Ion Detection Based on Thin Layer Coulometry with Ultrathin Ion-Selective Membranes.","authors":"Yujie Liu, Gastón A Crespo, María Cuartero","doi":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c00069","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c00069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In pursuit of calibration-free all-solid-state ion-selective electrodes (ISEs), we propose a coulometry strategy based on thin-layer samples confined adjacent to the ion-selective membrane (ISM) surface, with the system being controlled under a cathodic potential sweep. The ion-to-electron transducer in the ISE is the conducting polymer poly(3-octylthiophene) (POT), the oxidation state of which changes upon the application of a cathodic sweep and triggers the accumulation of the preferred cation in the ISM. This accumulation is provided of absolute nature (i.e., the cation concentration is totally depleted in the sample) when the capacity of the membrane encompasses the charge of the cation of interest in the sample (K⁺ in this case). As such, the ion exchanger content of the ISM is fixed to 18 μC, being able to accumulate a K⁺ concentration from the solution in the range of 5-40 μM. The charge transfer in the POT film ultimately leads to the K⁺ transfer at the ISM-sample interface, depleting its content in the thin-layer sample with demonstrated efficiency (∼100% at 5 and 1 mV s^-1). The charge is directly proportional to the corresponding concentration via the Faraday law, constituting the core principle of the calibration-free approach. In essence, there is no need of calibrating the sensor, because the K⁺ concentration can be obtained from the charge by knowing the sample volume with certain precision (volume of 5 μL, with the sample thickness being 100 ± 5 μm). The conceptual innovation introduced in this Letter is accompanied by the validated calibration-free detection of K⁺ in five real samples, demonstrating the plausibility of the approach to contribute to the measurement science field, especially in the direction of fulfilling the gap between benchtop trials and the end users of electrochemical sensors. It is key to put efforts into calibration-free sensors to address real world applications such as point-of-care, wearable sensors for well-being, and environmental in situ monitoring, among others.</p>","PeriodicalId":29800,"journal":{"name":"ACS Measurement Science Au","volume":"5 1","pages":"63-69"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11843505/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143484125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Approaching to Calibration-Free Ion Detection Based on Thin Layer Coulometry with Ultrathin Ion-Selective Membranes","authors":"Yujie Liu,&nbsp;Gastón A. Crespo and María Cuartero*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c0006910.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c00069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c00069https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c00069","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In pursuit of calibration-free all-solid-state ion-selective electrodes (ISEs), we propose a coulometry strategy based on thin-layer samples confined adjacent to the ion-selective membrane (ISM) surface, with the system being controlled under a cathodic potential sweep. The ion-to-electron transducer in the ISE is the conducting polymer poly(3-octylthiophene) (POT), the oxidation state of which changes upon the application of a cathodic sweep and triggers the accumulation of the preferred cation in the ISM. This accumulation is provided of absolute nature (i.e., the cation concentration is totally depleted in the sample) when the capacity of the membrane encompasses the charge of the cation of interest in the sample (K⁺ in this case). As such, the ion exchanger content of the ISM is fixed to 18 μC, being able to accumulate a K⁺ concentration from the solution in the range of 5–40 μM. The charge transfer in the POT film ultimately leads to the K⁺ transfer at the ISM–sample interface, depleting its content in the thin-layer sample with demonstrated efficiency (∼100% at 5 and 1 mV s^–1). The charge is directly proportional to the corresponding concentration via the Faraday law, constituting the core principle of the calibration-free approach. In essence, there is no need of calibrating the sensor, because the K⁺ concentration can be obtained from the charge by knowing the sample volume with certain precision (volume of 5 μL, with the sample thickness being 100 ± 5 μm). The conceptual innovation introduced in this Letter is accompanied by the validated calibration-free detection of K⁺ in five real samples, demonstrating the plausibility of the approach to contribute to the measurement science field, especially in the direction of fulfilling the gap between benchtop trials and the end users of electrochemical sensors. It is key to put efforts into calibration-free sensors to address real world applications such as point-of-care, wearable sensors for well-being, and environmental in situ monitoring, among others.</p>","PeriodicalId":29800,"journal":{"name":"ACS Measurement Science Au","volume":"5 1","pages":"63–69 63–69"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c00069","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143435835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Online Mass Spectrometric Characterization of Oligomeric Products in High-Pressure Liquid-Phase Lignin Depolymerization Reactions","authors":"Zhongyue Zhou*,&nbsp;Cunhao Cui,&nbsp;Linyu Zhu,&nbsp;Jing Zhang,&nbsp;Hairong Ren,&nbsp;Xintong Xiao and Fei Qi,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c0006710.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c00067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c00067https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c00067","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Lignin depolymerization involves complex reactions that occur in heterogeneous environments, leading to the formation of a wide range of products with diverse molecular structures. The complexity of these products arises from the different bond strengths and locations within the lignin polymer, which makes it difficult to fully understand the reaction pathways. Conventional analytical techniques often fall short of providing a clear and comprehensive picture of the reaction mechanism. This highlights the need for more advanced methods that can offer real-time, in situ analysis to probe product evolutions and unravel the detailed mechanisms of lignin depolymerization. Herein, we present a concise perspective of the recent developments in online mass spectrometry, particularly its applications in probing heavy oligomeric products formed during lignindepolymerization. After introducing the current analytical technologies and analytical challenges, we focus on the development of online mass spectrometric method, especially those combined with batch and flow-through reactors, for the real-time characterization of lignin depolymerization products. Several key case studies are highlighted. Finally, we discuss the potential opportunities and remaining challenges in this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":29800,"journal":{"name":"ACS Measurement Science Au","volume":"5 1","pages":"9–18 9–18"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c00067","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143435829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Online Mass Spectrometric Characterization of Oligomeric Products in High-Pressure Liquid-Phase Lignin Depolymerization Reactions.","authors":"Zhongyue Zhou, Cunhao Cui, Linyu Zhu, Jing Zhang, Hairong Ren, Xintong Xiao, Fei Qi","doi":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c00067","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c00067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lignin depolymerization involves complex reactions that occur in heterogeneous environments, leading to the formation of a wide range of products with diverse molecular structures. The complexity of these products arises from the different bond strengths and locations within the lignin polymer, which makes it difficult to fully understand the reaction pathways. Conventional analytical techniques often fall short of providing a clear and comprehensive picture of the reaction mechanism. This highlights the need for more advanced methods that can offer real-time, in situ analysis to probe product evolutions and unravel the detailed mechanisms of lignin depolymerization. Herein, we present a concise perspective of the recent developments in online mass spectrometry, particularly its applications in probing heavy oligomeric products formed during lignindepolymerization. After introducing the current analytical technologies and analytical challenges, we focus on the development of online mass spectrometric method, especially those combined with batch and flow-through reactors, for the real-time characterization of lignin depolymerization products. Several key case studies are highlighted. Finally, we discuss the potential opportunities and remaining challenges in this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":29800,"journal":{"name":"ACS Measurement Science Au","volume":"5 1","pages":"9-18"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11843499/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143484211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Different Vibrational Spectroscopic Probes (ATR-FTIR, O-PTIR, Micro-Raman, and AFM-IR) of Lipids and Other Compounds Found in Environmental Samples: Case Study of Substrate-Deposited Sea Spray Aerosols","authors":"Carolina Molina,&nbsp;Deborah Kim,&nbsp;Lincoln Mehndiratta,&nbsp;Jennie Lee,&nbsp;Chamika K. Madawala,&nbsp;Jonathan H. Slade,&nbsp;Alexei V. Tivanski and Vicki H. Grassian*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c0003310.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c00033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c00033https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c00033","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The use of vibrational spectroscopy to probe environmental samples is increasing with the development of new methods, including microspectroscopic probes. In this study, we compare different vibrational methods to interrogate lipids and other compounds found in environmental samples. In particular, we compare the vibrational spectra for different lipids that include fatty acids (protonated and deprotonated forms), fatty alcohols, and fatty esters by utilizing attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, optical photothermal infrared (O-PTIR) spectroscopy, micro-Raman spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy infrared (AFM-IR) spectroscopy. We show the utility of infrared methods to clearly delineate the structure of the lipid, i.e., whether it is an acid, alcohol, or ester. In contrast, it is difficult to differentiate these from micro-Raman spectroscopy. Furthermore, in the case of fatty acids, the protonation state can also be determined by infrared methods. In most cases, there is a high correlation between the three different infrared techniques as seen for ATR-FTIR and O-PTIR spectroscopy; however, this is not always true with AFM-IR spectroscopy for samples with low signal-to-noise or in a liquid phase state. Additionally, substrate-deposited aerosols were collected from the Scripps Ocean-Atmosphere Research Simulator (SOARS) and examined with both the O-PTIR and micro-Raman spectroscopy to show how these two vibrational probes together can provide essential chemical insights into environmental samples that are difficult to achieve otherwise.</p>","PeriodicalId":29800,"journal":{"name":"ACS Measurement Science Au","volume":"5 1","pages":"74–86 74–86"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c00033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143435828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Different Vibrational Spectroscopic Probes (ATR-FTIR, O-PTIR, Micro-Raman, and AFM-IR) of Lipids and Other Compounds Found in Environmental Samples: Case Study of Substrate-Deposited Sea Spray Aerosols.","authors":"Carolina Molina, Deborah Kim, Lincoln Mehndiratta, Jennie Lee, Chamika K Madawala, Jonathan H Slade, Alexei V Tivanski, Vicki H Grassian","doi":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c00033","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c00033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of vibrational spectroscopy to probe environmental samples is increasing with the development of new methods, including microspectroscopic probes. In this study, we compare different vibrational methods to interrogate lipids and other compounds found in environmental samples. In particular, we compare the vibrational spectra for different lipids that include fatty acids (protonated and deprotonated forms), fatty alcohols, and fatty esters by utilizing attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, optical photothermal infrared (O-PTIR) spectroscopy, micro-Raman spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy infrared (AFM-IR) spectroscopy. We show the utility of infrared methods to clearly delineate the structure of the lipid, i.e., whether it is an acid, alcohol, or ester. In contrast, it is difficult to differentiate these from micro-Raman spectroscopy. Furthermore, in the case of fatty acids, the protonation state can also be determined by infrared methods. In most cases, there is a high correlation between the three different infrared techniques as seen for ATR-FTIR and O-PTIR spectroscopy; however, this is not always true with AFM-IR spectroscopy for samples with low signal-to-noise or in a liquid phase state. Additionally, substrate-deposited aerosols were collected from the Scripps Ocean-Atmosphere Research Simulator (SOARS) and examined with both the O-PTIR and micro-Raman spectroscopy to show how these two vibrational probes together can provide essential chemical insights into environmental samples that are difficult to achieve otherwise.</p>","PeriodicalId":29800,"journal":{"name":"ACS Measurement Science Au","volume":"5 1","pages":"74-86"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11843498/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143484172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revolutionizing Cancer Immunotherapy: Emerging Nanotechnology-Driven Drug Delivery Systems for Enhanced Therapeutic Efficacy.","authors":"Panneerselvam Theivendren, Selvaraj Kunjiappan, Parasuraman Pavadai, Kaveena Ravi, Anusuya Murugavel, Avinash Dayalan, A Santhana Krishna Kumar","doi":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c00062","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c00062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer immunotherapy is an innovative way of treating cancer by stimulating individual cells to overcome cancer. Widespread biomedical studies were carried out with the aim of exploring immunotherapy cancer therapeutics, and this review spotlights some mechanisms in which it was developed, namely immune checkpoint inhibitors (E.G PD-1/PD-L1, CTLA-4), adoptive cell therapy (e.g., CAR T-cell therapy), and cancer vaccines. Although it has shown clinical benefit in a number of cancer types, including melanoma and non-small-cell lung cancer, several challenges have dampened enthusiasm for this approach, from the differing patient response rates to toxicities. Nanotechnology in drug delivery systems must play a role in overcoming the same. Nanotechnology enables increased specificity and controlled drug release, improved solubility and bioavailability, can treat the tumor specifically, and localized drug delivery at the disease site decreases systemic toxicity. The review also features advances in the construction of lipid-based, polymeric, and inorganic nanoparticles that improve drug stability and allow the delivery of cotherapeutic agents. Nanotechnology-based delivery systems can be used alone or in combination with immunotherapy to assist in improving the immune response, gaining access to the tumor microenvironment, and overcoming biological barriers. Thus, the nano-DDS were both safe and effective in preclinical studies, and ongoing clinical trials have shown that they are capable of increasing the therapeutic index of anticancer drugs. Lastly, the review also discusses current challenges and regulatory issues in advancing these technologies and highlights the importance of further research to devise appropriate methodology for efficient functionalization of nanotechnology for individualized cancer solutions in cancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":29800,"journal":{"name":"ACS Measurement Science Au","volume":"5 1","pages":"31-55"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11843507/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143484252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revolutionizing Cancer Immunotherapy: Emerging Nanotechnology-Driven Drug Delivery Systems for Enhanced Therapeutic Efficacy","authors":"Panneerselvam Theivendren*,&nbsp;Selvaraj Kunjiappan*,&nbsp;Parasuraman Pavadai,&nbsp;Kaveena Ravi,&nbsp;Anusuya Murugavel,&nbsp;Avinash Dayalan and A. Santhana Krishna Kumar*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c0006210.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c00062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c00062https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c00062","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Cancer immunotherapy is an innovative way of treating cancer by stimulating individual cells to overcome cancer. Widespread biomedical studies were carried out with the aim of exploring immunotherapy cancer therapeutics, and this review spotlights some mechanisms in which it was developed, namely immune checkpoint inhibitors (E.G PD-1/PD-L1, CTLA-4), adoptive cell therapy (e.g., CAR T-cell therapy), and cancer vaccines. Although it has shown clinical benefit in a number of cancer types, including melanoma and non-small-cell lung cancer, several challenges have dampened enthusiasm for this approach, from the differing patient response rates to toxicities. Nanotechnology in drug delivery systems must play a role in overcoming the same. Nanotechnology enables increased specificity and controlled drug release, improved solubility and bioavailability, can treat the tumor specifically, and localized drug delivery at the disease site decreases systemic toxicity. The review also features advances in the construction of lipid-based, polymeric, and inorganic nanoparticles that improve drug stability and allow the delivery of cotherapeutic agents. Nanotechnology-based delivery systems can be used alone or in combination with immunotherapy to assist in improving the immune response, gaining access to the tumor microenvironment, and overcoming biological barriers. Thus, the nano-DDS were both safe and effective in preclinical studies, and ongoing clinical trials have shown that they are capable of increasing the therapeutic index of anticancer drugs. Lastly, the review also discusses current challenges and regulatory issues in advancing these technologies and highlights the importance of further research to devise appropriate methodology for efficient functionalization of nanotechnology for individualized cancer solutions in cancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":29800,"journal":{"name":"ACS Measurement Science Au","volume":"5 1","pages":"31–55 31–55"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c00062","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143435817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}