Small Science最新文献_第3页

A Biomimetic 3D Human Skeletal Muscle Microtissue for Modeling Biological and Functional Hallmarks of Aging. 模拟衰老生物学和功能特征的仿生3D人体骨骼肌微组织。

IF 7

Small Science Pub Date : 2026-09-11 eCollection Date: 2026-09-01 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.70386

Sohae Yang, Jeong Sik Kong, Hyun Young Shin, Sung Chun Cho, Aseer Intisar, Min Young Kim, Yeong-Jin Choi, Yun-Il Lee, Dong-Woo Cho, Minseok S Kim

{"title":"A Biomimetic 3D Human Skeletal Muscle Microtissue for Modeling Biological and Functional Hallmarks of Aging.","authors":"Sohae Yang, Jeong Sik Kong, Hyun Young Shin, Sung Chun Cho, Aseer Intisar, Min Young Kim, Yeong-Jin Choi, Yun-Il Lee, Dong-Woo Cho, Minseok S Kim","doi":"10.1002/smsc.70386","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smsc.70386","url":null,"abstract":"Skeletal muscle is one of the largest organs in the human body, playing a central role in mobility, metabolism, and endocrine regulation. The aging global population underscores the need to understand skeletal muscle aging, which is bottlenecked by the lack of in vitro models that recapitulate biological and functional features of aged human muscle as well as discrepancies between humans and animal models. Here, we present a 3D biomimetic aged skeletal muscle model using human primary skeletal muscle cells (SkMCs) embedded in a skeletal muscle-derived decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) scaffold. Constructs fabricated from aged and young SkMCs were systematically evaluated across structural, molecular, mitochondrial, calcium-handling, and contractile readouts. Compared with young constructs, aged constructs recapitulated several aging-associated biological and functional phenotypes, including smaller myotubes, altered myogenic and inflammatory marker expression, mitochondrial alterations, delayed calcium responses, and weakened contractile forces. This human-relevant platform enables simultaneous assessment of biological and functional aspects of muscle aging and may serve as a translational tool to study mechanisms and screen therapies for age-associated muscle disorders. This aligns with the FDA Modernization Act 2.0-which recognizes in vitro human systems as alternatives to animal testing-underscoring the practical relevance of this model.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"6 9","pages":"e70386"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13574026/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148971523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Doped Magnesium Ferrite Thin Films as Photoanodes for Water Oxidation. 掺杂铁酸镁薄膜作为水氧化的光阳极。

IF 7

Small Science Pub Date : 2026-09-10 eCollection Date: 2026-09-01 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.70398

Tayyaba Intizar, Triet T H Nguyen, Kanishk Arunraj, Peter C Sherrell, Joel van Embden, Daniel E Gómez, Enrico Della Gaspera

{"title":"Doped Magnesium Ferrite Thin Films as Photoanodes for Water Oxidation.","authors":"Tayyaba Intizar, Triet T H Nguyen, Kanishk Arunraj, Peter C Sherrell, Joel van Embden, Daniel E Gómez, Enrico Della Gaspera","doi":"10.1002/smsc.70398","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smsc.70398","url":null,"abstract":"Magnesium ferrite (MgFe2O4) is a promising photoanode material for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation, combining a suitable bandgap, chemical stability, low cost, and earth abundance. However, to date, MgFe2O4 has remained largely underexplored. Here, we report the deposition of MgFe2O4 thin films via a simple aqueous route and systematically examine the effects of processing conditions and aliovalent doping on PEC performance. The fabricated films exhibit a nanocrystalline spinel structure with an optical bandgap of ~2.2 eV. We demonstrate that the PEC activity is strongly governed by annealing conditions, with high-temperature treatment (650 °C) under nitrogen rather than air yielding optimal performance. Under these conditions, the photoanodes deliver photocurrent densities that already surpass previously reported values for MgFe2O4. Titanium doping further enhances performance, with a photocurrent of 0.14 mA/cm2 at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). Spectroscopic analyses (optical, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and impedance) link these improvements to changes in electronic structure and charge transport. Additional gains are achieved through the incorporation of a surface cocatalyst, achieving a photocurrent of 0.18 mA/cm2. Our results not only set the current performance record for magnesium ferrite photoanodes, establishing it as a viable PEC material, but also provide general practical guidelines for advancing ferrite-based photoelectrodes.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"6 9","pages":"e70398"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13574032/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148971564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tunable Fabrication of 2D-Layered Magnesium Nanosilicates With Hemostatic Properties. 具有止血性能的二维层状纳米硅酸镁的可调制备。

IF 7

Small Science Pub Date : 2026-09-09 eCollection Date: 2026-09-01 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.70374

Anna L Keller, Kanwar Abhay Singh, Saptarshi Biswas, Kavita Kadu, Sarah E Miller, Weijian Hua, Sridevi Conjeevaram, Vaaridhi Ramanuja, Shounak Roy, Samantha Foster, Changwoo Do, Wei-Ren Chen, Yifei Jin, Akhilesh K Gaharwar

{"title":"Tunable Fabrication of 2D-Layered Magnesium Nanosilicates With Hemostatic Properties.","authors":"Anna L Keller, Kanwar Abhay Singh, Saptarshi Biswas, Kavita Kadu, Sarah E Miller, Weijian Hua, Sridevi Conjeevaram, Vaaridhi Ramanuja, Shounak Roy, Samantha Foster, Changwoo Do, Wei-Ren Chen, Yifei Jin, Akhilesh K Gaharwar","doi":"10.1002/smsc.70374","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smsc.70374","url":null,"abstract":"Tunable fabrication of inorganic two-dimensional (2D) nanoclays is of substantial interest for fundamental studies and biomedical applications. Despite extensive work on inorganic biomaterials, layered silicate nanoclays remain a comparatively underexplored class of 2D systems. Here, we report an optimized hydrothermal method for the tunable fabrication of 2D layered magnesium nanosilicates (nSi). This approach yields disc-like nanoclays with lateral dimensions of ~20-50 nm and thickness of ~1-2 nm. The nanosilicates exhibit rapid cellular internalization, controlled therapeutic release in vitro, and the ability to form shear-thinning, thixotropic gels. Proteomic analyses indicate the formation of a protein corona enriched in factors associated with blood coagulation, consistent with in vitro clotting assays showing a concentration-dependent reduction in clotting time, with decreases of ~50% at higher doses. In an in vivo rat liver-laceration model, nanosilicate treatment reduced clotting time by ~75% and blood loss by ~45%, compared with controls. Collectively, these findings establish a tunable route for fabricating 2D-layered magnesium nanosilicates and suggest their potential utility in hemostasis and wound-management applications.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"6 9","pages":"e70374"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13574045/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148971349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reconfigurable Magnetic Nanopore Platform for Selective Trapping. 选择性捕集的可重构磁性纳米孔平台。

IF 7

Small Science Pub Date : 2026-09-08 eCollection Date: 2026-09-01 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.70392

Nageswar Reddy Sanamreddy, Jeanne Maunier, Malavika Kayyil Veedu, Anastasiia Sapunova, Nicolò Maccaferri, Denis Garoli, Jérôme Wenger, Paolo Vavassori

{"title":"Reconfigurable Magnetic Nanopore Platform for Selective Trapping.","authors":"Nageswar Reddy Sanamreddy, Jeanne Maunier, Malavika Kayyil Veedu, Anastasiia Sapunova, Nicolò Maccaferri, Denis Garoli, Jérôme Wenger, Paolo Vavassori","doi":"10.1002/smsc.70392","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smsc.70392","url":null,"abstract":"Solid-state nanopores offer a powerful platform for nanoscale analysis of individual analytes, including biomolecules and functionalized nanoparticles, by confining them within a precisely defined sensing region. However, their inherently passive operation restricts practical applications, as they cannot precisely control particle position or dynamics inside the pore. Here, we introduce magnetic nanopore architectures that integrate a ferromagnetic layer into the nanopore system. Acting as a magnetic discontinuity within an otherwise uniformly magnetized film, the nanopore generates localized stray magnetic fields that enable magnetic tweezing of magnetic nanoparticles, which can be functionalized with fluorescent biomolecules. Importantly, the nanopore geometry is designed to reversibly switch between a nearly uniform magnetization state and a magnetic flux-closure state through the application of momentary magnetic fields of predetermined amplitude. This capability allows the magnetic tweezing effect to be selectively activated or deactivated, enabling controlled capture and release of tagged biomolecules on demand. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate the selective magnetic trapping of fluorescent magnetic particles. Our work establishes a robust and controllable approach for reconfigurable, on-chip magnetic nanopore platforms capable of selective trapping and high-throughput single-particle detection.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"6 9","pages":"e70392"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13574000/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148971103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Stable, Efficient, and Scalable Two-Dimensional Perovskites for Next-Generation Solar Cells. 用于下一代太阳能电池的稳定、高效和可扩展的二维钙钛矿。

IF 7

Small Science Pub Date : 2026-09-07 eCollection Date: 2026-09-01 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.70393

Kaushik Bhat, Sangita Das, Anurag Roy, Partha Pratim Das

{"title":"Stable, Efficient, and Scalable Two-Dimensional Perovskites for Next-Generation Solar Cells.","authors":"Kaushik Bhat, Sangita Das, Anurag Roy, Partha Pratim Das","doi":"10.1002/smsc.70393","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smsc.70393","url":null,"abstract":"Metal halide perovskites have rapidly evolved from a niche class of semiconductors to a leading platform for advanced photovoltaic technologies. Within this family of materials, two-dimensional (2D) perovskites have emerged as structurally engineered derivatives that offer enhanced environmental stability relative to their three-dimensional counterparts. However, reduced dimensionality also introduces a distinct optoelectronic regime governed by confinement effects and structural anisotropy, which complicates the direct translation of established design strategies. This review presents a unified perspective on the design and optimization strategies of 2D perovskite solar cells, including how spacer chemistry, inorganic slab thickness, and crystallization kinetics jointly influence transport anisotropy, film formation, and optical properties with implications for stability and device performance. Finally, the scalable integration pathways, including blade coating, printing techniques, machine learning-guided fabrication, and vapor deposition techniques for 2D perovskite materials for solar cell fabrication, are considered.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"6 9","pages":"e70393"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13573944/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148971077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Direct Synthesis of Single-Crystalline LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂ Cathodes From Lithium-Containing Precursors via Spray Pyrolysis. 喷雾热解法制备含锂前驱体LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2单晶阴极

IF 7

Small Science Pub Date : 2026-09-03 eCollection Date: 2026-09-01 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.70397

Tae Ha Kim, Yeon Oh Lee, Yeong Beom Kim, Hyungsub Kim, Jung Sang Cho, Sang Mun Jeong, Yun Chan Kang, Gi Dae Park

{"title":"Direct Synthesis of Single-Crystalline LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 Cathodes From Lithium-Containing Precursors via Spray Pyrolysis.","authors":"Tae Ha Kim, Yeon Oh Lee, Yeong Beom Kim, Hyungsub Kim, Jung Sang Cho, Sang Mun Jeong, Yun Chan Kang, Gi Dae Park","doi":"10.1002/smsc.70397","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smsc.70397","url":null,"abstract":"Single-crystalline cathode materials have attracted considerable attention for addressing the cycling instability of Ni-rich layered cathode materials caused by anisotropic lattice strain during repeated cycling. However, conventional synthesis methods for single-crystalline cathodes generally require high temperatures and prolonged calcination times. Alternative approaches, such as multistep lithiation, molten-salt, and hydrothermal methods, still suffer from limitations such as complex processes, mandatory washing, and challenges in large-scale production. Therefore, in this study, a direct synthesis strategy for single-crystalline LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (SC-NCM) cathode materials was proposed using Li-containing precursors prepared by spray pyrolysis. Because lithium was homogeneously incorporated within the precursor particles, SC-NCM was successfully synthesized through direct calcination without additional Li-mixing or washing processes. As a result, single-crystalline NCM was successfully crystallized at 900 °C for 3 h with 700 °C for 6 h healing sequence and exhibited superior cycling performance compared with polycrystalline NCM (PC-NCM), delivering a capacity retention of 81% after 1000 cycles at 0.5 C. Therefore, this work provides an effective approach to simultaneously address both the intrinsic limitations of Ni-rich layered cathode materials and the challenges associated with conventional synthesis processes.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"6 9","pages":"e70397"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13574055/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148971583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Strain Tuning the Kinetics of Topotactic Phase Transitions in Epitaxial Oxide Films. 外延氧化膜拓扑相变的应变调谐动力学。

IF 7

Small Science Pub Date : 2026-09-02 eCollection Date: 2026-09-01 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.70385

Tadesse Billo Reta, Yan Li, Qingteng Zhang, Hyoungjeen Jeen, Irene Calvo Almazan, Gang Wan, Yongqi Dong, Huajun Liu, Sam Gruber, Guoxiang Hu, Eric M Dufresne, Alec R Sandy, Supratik Guha, Hua Zhou, Ho Nyung Lee, V Starchenko, P Ganesh, Dillon D Fong

{"title":"Strain Tuning the Kinetics of Topotactic Phase Transitions in Epitaxial Oxide Films.","authors":"Tadesse Billo Reta, Yan Li, Qingteng Zhang, Hyoungjeen Jeen, Irene Calvo Almazan, Gang Wan, Yongqi Dong, Huajun Liu, Sam Gruber, Guoxiang Hu, Eric M Dufresne, Alec R Sandy, Supratik Guha, Hua Zhou, Ho Nyung Lee, V Starchenko, P Ganesh, Dillon D Fong","doi":"10.1002/smsc.70385","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smsc.70385","url":null,"abstract":"We report the kinetics of the topotactic brownmillerite-perovskite phase transition in epitaxial strontium cobaltite (SrCoO x ) thin films. Our findings reveal asymmetric switching kinetics between the oxygen-deficient SrCoO2.5 and oxygen-rich SrCoO3 phases, driven by the epitaxial strain state. Using phase-field modeling, we demonstrate that nucleation and growth dynamics are governed by local oxygen concentration-dependent diffusivity and surface oxygen flux, both of which are strain-dependent. The perovskite phase exhibits higher strain tunability of these parameters compared to the brownmillerite phase, explaining the divergent kinetic pathways upon changes in epitaxial strain. Specifically, transitions on (LaAlO3)0.3(Sr2TaAlO6)0.7 (001) substrates are abrupt and nucleation-dominated, characteristic of order-disorder transformations. Conversely, transitions on SrTiO3 (001) substrates are spatially uniform, with phase propagation originating from the film interface, characteristic of diffuse transformations. These results provide a framework for controlling topotactic transformation rates through strain engineering in functional oxides.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"6 9","pages":"e70385"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13573991/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148971116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integration of NanoMIPs With Gold-Patterned Plasmonic Surfaces as Synthetic Protein A. 纳米纳米ip与金图案等离子体表面集成合成蛋白A。

IF 7

Small Science Pub Date : 2026-09-02 eCollection Date: 2026-09-01 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.70394

Fabiana Grillo, Francesco Gentile, Francesco Canfarotta, Maria Laura Coluccio, Elena Piletska, Donald Jones, Thong H Cao, Virginia Garo, Nilde Fera, Sandro Dragone, Patrizio Caldeloro, Sergey Piletsky, Natalia Malara

{"title":"Integration of NanoMIPs With Gold-Patterned Plasmonic Surfaces as Synthetic Protein A.","authors":"Fabiana Grillo, Francesco Gentile, Francesco Canfarotta, Maria Laura Coluccio, Elena Piletska, Donald Jones, Thong H Cao, Virginia Garo, Nilde Fera, Sandro Dragone, Patrizio Caldeloro, Sergey Piletsky, Natalia Malara","doi":"10.1002/smsc.70394","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smsc.70394","url":null,"abstract":"In modern bioanalytical sensing, the integration of biorecognition elements with transducer platforms represents an established strategy for achieving selective detection. Among the available bioreceptors, proteins have been widely used for their ability to mediate highly specific interactions. However, proteins often present limitations such as instability, high production costs, animal-derived manufacturing, and strict storage protocols. A promising alternative is molecularly imprinted polymeric nanoparticles (nanoMIPs), which have shown potential due to features such as greater stability, durability, and potentially lower costs. This study introduces, for the first time, the use of nanoMIPs imprinted for IgG on a silicon surface functionalised with gold nanoparticles. These nanoMIPs are designed to bind IgG in an oriented manner by targeting Fc-specific epitopes selected through a novel epitope-mapping technique. Detection is based on metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF), which significantly amplifies the signal. The sensor showed high specificity for IgG, with no cross-reactivity toward IgA, reaching a detection limit of 10 ng mL-1. Compared with protein A, the natural binder of IgG, nanoMIPs achieved superior performance by 20.6% and 17.8% for the two epitopes tested.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"6 9","pages":"e70394"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13574059/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148971591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring Limits of [1-¹³C]Pyruvate Nuclear Spin Relaxation: Impact of Field, Deuteration, Degassing, and Additives. 探索[1-13C]丙酮酸核自旋弛豫的极限：场、氘化、脱气和添加剂的影响。

IF 7

Small Science Pub Date : 2026-08-30 eCollection Date: 2026-09-01 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.70391

Josh P Peters, Jan-Bernd Hövener, Andrey N Pravdivtsev

{"title":"Exploring Limits of [1-13C]Pyruvate Nuclear Spin Relaxation: Impact of Field, Deuteration, Degassing, and Additives.","authors":"Josh P Peters, Jan-Bernd Hövener, Andrey N Pravdivtsev","doi":"10.1002/smsc.70391","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smsc.70391","url":null,"abstract":"Limited lifetime is the most prominent hurdle for hyperpolarized magnetic resonance imaging. Today, [1-13C]pyruvate is the most widely used metabolic hyperpolarized probe, but low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for metabolites such as lactate remains a critical challenge. As post-administration relaxation is difficult to affect, reducing polarization losses during delivery, purification, and administration is key for increasing SNR. To elucidate the relaxation mechanisms governing [1-13C]pyruvate T 1, we evaluate 35 sample compositions across magnetic fields from a few µT to 9.4 T, varying solvent and agent deuteration, buffer type and concentration, degassing, and additives. Field-dependent T 1 profiles reveal distinct mechanistic contributions from each factor, with degassing and deuteration exerting the strongest effects at low fields relevant to clinical transfer conditions. Notably, buffer composition has an unexpected and substantial impact on T 1, a finding largely overlooked in prior literature. Under optimized conditions, [1-13C]pyruvate T 1 at Earth's field is extended by almost 8 times, from ~30 to ~230 s. This reduces polarization losses after a 20-60 s transfer interval by 3.6-5.6-fold, thus increasing SNR. These findings are also important for hyperpolarized probes beyond pyruvate, which exhibit faster low-field relaxation and stand to benefit even more substantially from systematic control of sample composition.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"6 9","pages":"e70391"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13533092/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148875761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cation-Anion Co-doping Enables Acid-Stable MnO₂ Anodes for Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis. 阳离子-阴离子共掺杂制备稳酸MnO2阳极用于质子交换膜水电解。

IF 7

Small Science Pub Date : 2026-08-27 eCollection Date: 2026-09-01 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.70388

Vimanshu Chanda, Olaf Rüdiger, Daniel Cruz, Viktor Mackert, Pascal Sous, Markus Sonnenberg, Hesham Solh, Lukas Pielsticker, Leander Kucklick, Walid Hetaba, Sebastian Daniel Hirt, Harry Ernst Hoster, Natalia Levin

{"title":"Cation-Anion Co-doping Enables Acid-Stable MnO2 Anodes for Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis.","authors":"Vimanshu Chanda, Olaf Rüdiger, Daniel Cruz, Viktor Mackert, Pascal Sous, Markus Sonnenberg, Hesham Solh, Lukas Pielsticker, Leander Kucklick, Walid Hetaba, Sebastian Daniel Hirt, Harry Ernst Hoster, Natalia Levin","doi":"10.1002/smsc.70388","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smsc.70388","url":null,"abstract":"Developing acid-stable, earth-abundant oxygen evolution catalysts remains a central challenge for proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEM-WE), due to catalyst degradation via overoxidation under strongly anodic conditions. Here, we introduce a cation-anion co-doping strategy that induces lattice-level electronic stabilization in manganese dioxide (MnO2) through incorporation of niobium (Nb5+) and fluoride (F-) into a γ/β-MnO2 framework. Structural and spectroscopic analyses, including operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy, show that co-doping stabilizes an electron-enriched Mn environment and suppresses oxidation to unstable high-valence states under OER conditions. This originates from charge redistribution across the Mn-O-Nb framework, enabling controlled Mn3+/Mn4+ dynamics and mitigating overoxidation-driven dissolution. As a result, MnO2-Nb-F catalyst demonstrates an overpotential of 410 mV at 10 mA cm-2 in 0.5 M H2SO4, a Tafel slope of 90 mV dec-1, and reduced charge transfer resistance compared to pristine MnO2. When integrated into a PEM electrolyzer (5 cm2, 60 °C), the catalyst achieves a cell voltage of 1.91 V at 1 A cm-2 and exhibits operational stability for 380 h at 0.4 A cm-2. These results demonstrate that synergistic cation-anion engineering decouples the activity-stability trade-off in MnO2, establishing a viable design strategy for noble-metal-free PEM-WE anodes.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"6 9","pages":"e70388"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13533152/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148875745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0