Small Science最新文献_第10页

Three-Dimensional Characterization of the Collagen-Hydroxyapatite Interaction During Heterotopic Ossification in Healing Rat Achilles Tendons. 愈合大鼠跟腱异位骨化过程中胶原-羟基磷灰石相互作用的三维表征。

IF 7

Small Science Pub Date : 2026-06-20 eCollection Date: 2026-06-01 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202500644

Kunal Sharma, Isabella Silva Barreto, Hector Dejea, Irene Rodriguez Fernandez, Dario Ferreira Sanchez, Pernilla Eliasson, Maria Pierantoni, Hanna Isaksson

{"title":"Three-Dimensional Characterization of the Collagen-Hydroxyapatite Interaction During Heterotopic Ossification in Healing Rat Achilles Tendons.","authors":"Kunal Sharma, Isabella Silva Barreto, Hector Dejea, Irene Rodriguez Fernandez, Dario Ferreira Sanchez, Pernilla Eliasson, Maria Pierantoni, Hanna Isaksson","doi":"10.1002/smsc.202500644","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smsc.202500644","url":null,"abstract":"Pathological ossification is seen affecting different organs across the body. This includes the Achilles tendon, where the healing process after rupture can be impaired by heterotopic ossifications (HO). The formation pathways for HO in tendons are still debated, and one reason for this is our limited knowledge of their structure and composition in 3D. This study utilizes a multimodal 3D characterization approach to study HO and the surrounding healing tissue at 3-, 6-, and 12-week post-transection in rat Achilles tendons. Microcomputed tomography provided 3D microstructural information. Small- and wide-angle scattering tensor tomography contributed with combined collagen and hydroxyapatite (HA) 3D nanostructural information. Combined 3D X-ray diffraction and fluorescence provided high-resolution structural dimensions of HA crystallites, and chemical composition of both the deposits and the surrounding healing tendon tissue. Morphologically, dense mineralized tissue appeared more fibrous, with higher co-localized quantities of Zn present internally, while porous regions of HO deposits had Zn localization primarily at the boundary. Collagen d-spacing was higher within HO deposits than in the surrounding collagenous tendon tissue. Collagen misalignment close to the HO boundary supports the notion of tissue mineralization occurring prior to the full assembly of the healing tendon network. This methodology can be extrapolated to investigate pathological ossification in other tissues at the nanoscale while capturing the heterogeneity of entire specimens.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"6 6","pages":"e202500644"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13285116/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148309643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Programming Nonlinear Interfacial Mechanics of Synthetic Cells: Lipid Geometry and DNA Nanostructures. 合成细胞的编程非线性界面力学：脂质几何和DNA纳米结构。

IF 7

Small Science Pub Date : 2026-06-16 eCollection Date: 2026-06-01 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.70321

Kazutoshi Masuda, Miho Yanagisawa

{"title":"Programming Nonlinear Interfacial Mechanics of Synthetic Cells: Lipid Geometry and DNA Nanostructures.","authors":"Kazutoshi Masuda, Miho Yanagisawa","doi":"10.1002/smsc.70321","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smsc.70321","url":null,"abstract":"Soft interfaces formed by lipid membranes are fundamental to living cells, synthetic cells, and membrane-based soft materials. However, a quantitative framework linking molecular organization with nonlinear interfacial mechanics remains elusive. Here, we establish an analytical framework that captures the nonlinear elastic response of lipid-membrane-coated synthetic cells under micropipette aspiration. Incorporating both area stretching and curvature bending enables the model to quantitatively reproduce the complete pressure-displacement response within the small-deformation regime. This approach reduces interfacial mechanics to two parameters: the in-plane area-stretching modulus and an out-of-plane bending-related term. Using this unified framework, we experimentally demonstrate that nonlinear interfacial mechanics can be programmed by altering the molecular geometry and effective dimensionality of adsorbed elements. The lipid molecular shape and curvature-dependent packing regulate in-plane stiffness, whereas DNA nanostructures, the other adsorbed element, introduce an orthogonal control axis via dimensionality: three-dimensional network architectures markedly reinforce bending resistance. Together, these results establish a general molecular design principle for programming interfacial mechanics and provide a quantitative foundation for engineering mechanically tunable synthetic cells and soft interfaces.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"6 6","pages":"e70321"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13274316/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148279122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Machine Learning-Assisted Optimization of Iodide Electrolytes for Efficient Indoor Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells with Engineered Photoanodes. 基于机器学习的室内光电阳极染料敏化太阳能电池碘化物电解质优化研究。

IF 7

Small Science Pub Date : 2026-06-13 eCollection Date: 2026-06-01 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.70324

Valid Mwalukuku, Antonio R Blanco, Cyril Aumaître, Yann Kervella, Said Hamad, Renaud Demadrille, Juan A Anta

{"title":"Machine Learning-Assisted Optimization of Iodide Electrolytes for Efficient Indoor Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells with Engineered Photoanodes.","authors":"Valid Mwalukuku, Antonio R Blanco, Cyril Aumaître, Yann Kervella, Said Hamad, Renaud Demadrille, Juan A Anta","doi":"10.1002/smsc.70324","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smsc.70324","url":null,"abstract":"Although dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have lower power conversion efficiencies than other emerging photovoltaic technologies under standard test conditions, they perform remarkably well under low light or artificial lighting. This makes them particularly well suited to indoor photovoltaics (IPVs) and powering Internet of Things (IoT) devices. The most efficient indoor DSSCs rely on copper-based redox shuttles to achieve high photovoltages; however, their long-term stability is still uncertain. In contrast, iodide-based electrolytes are robust under harsh and outdoor conditions, but under indoor illumination, they often deliver limited photovoltage. Here, we propose a strategy that combines an innovative photoanode architecture, designed to suppress charge recombination, with a design of experiments (DoE) approach that is integrated with machine learning (ML). This strategy is intended to optimize iodine-based electrolytes for high-performance IPVs. Support vector machines and Bayesian optimization were employed to accelerate development, achieving efficiencies surpassing 23% at 1000 Lx. As photovoltage is crucial for IoT applications, it was specifically targeted during ML optimization, achieving up to 683 mV at 500 Lx using an iodide/triiodide redox couple. Bayesian optimization also enabled the exploration of electrolyte formulation, achieving 713 mV at 1000 Lx. These results are among the highest reported for iodide/triiodide-based DSSCs under indoor lighting.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"6 6","pages":"e70324"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13274309/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148279004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ink-Printed Thermoelectric Materials and Devices: Material Preparation, Fabrication Techniques, and Applications. 油墨印刷热电材料和器件：材料制备、制造技术和应用。

IF 7

Small Science Pub Date : 2026-06-13 eCollection Date: 2026-06-01 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.70317

Juxiang Shao, Lin Li, Ming Yang, Jiali Huang, Na Zhang, Supree Pinitsoontorn, Qiang Sun, Hongchun Luo, Hao Wu

{"title":"Ink-Printed Thermoelectric Materials and Devices: Material Preparation, Fabrication Techniques, and Applications.","authors":"Juxiang Shao, Lin Li, Ming Yang, Jiali Huang, Na Zhang, Supree Pinitsoontorn, Qiang Sun, Hongchun Luo, Hao Wu","doi":"10.1002/smsc.70317","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smsc.70317","url":null,"abstract":"Thermoelectric (TE) materials, which enable the direct conversion between thermal and electrical energy, represent a promising solution for sustainable energy technologies. While significant improvements in the figure of merit (ZT) have been achieved over the past two decades, a pressing need remains for scalable synthesis and flexible manufacturing methods to fabricate high-performance devices. Additive manufacturing via printing provides precise geometric control and scalability for fabricating high-performance TE devices. The properties of these printed devices are largely determined by the TE inks employed. This review systematically summarizes recent progress in TE inks, focusing on three key areas: material preparation, including TE ink formulation and binding strategies; processing techniques, such as inkjet printing and screen printing; and applications, highlighting advanced printed TE devices for energy harvesting, thermal management, and sensing. Given recent progress, this review establishes a framework for future development of printed TEs. Finally, we discuss emerging research and applications, opportunities, and suggest that the fundamental principles of TE ink development could find broader applications in biomedical fields such as tissue repair and disease treatment.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"6 6","pages":"e70317"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13274311/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148278999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mesoporous Copper-Based Metal-Organic Framework Flakes as a Promising Platform for Electrosynthesis of Ethylene from Carbon Dioxide. 介孔铜基金属-有机骨架片作为二氧化碳电合成乙烯的有前途的平台。

IF 7

Small Science Pub Date : 2026-06-11 eCollection Date: 2026-06-01 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.70323

Mitra Bagheri, Mirtha A O Lourenço, Micaela Castellino, Silvia Nappini, Felicia Di Costola, Julien K Dangbegnon, Elena Magnano, Luís Mafra, Fabrizio Pirri, Adriano Sacco, Juqin Zeng

{"title":"Mesoporous Copper-Based Metal-Organic Framework Flakes as a Promising Platform for Electrosynthesis of Ethylene from Carbon Dioxide.","authors":"Mitra Bagheri, Mirtha A O Lourenço, Micaela Castellino, Silvia Nappini, Felicia Di Costola, Julien K Dangbegnon, Elena Magnano, Luís Mafra, Fabrizio Pirri, Adriano Sacco, Juqin Zeng","doi":"10.1002/smsc.70323","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smsc.70323","url":null,"abstract":"Developing practical electrocatalysts for carbon dioxide electroreduction (CO2RR) requires a synergy of sustainable synthesis and high performance. Here, we report a one-pot green synthesis of a flake-like, mesoporous copper-based metal-organic framework (Cu-MOF) optimized for CO2 conversion. Spectroscopic analysis confirms a coordination environment of Cu2+ centers tetragonally bonded to nitrogen atoms, characteristic of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs). This flake-like architecture and mesoporosity facilitate rapid mass transport and ensure maximum site accessibility. By maintaining optimally spaced Cu centers, the framework modulates the surface coverage of reaction intermediates, effectively promoting C-C dimerization toward multicarbon products. Operating in a zero-gap cell, the Cu-MOF achieves a Faradaic efficiency of 51.6% for ethylene at an industrially relevant current density of 200 mA cm-2. Furthermore in-situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) reveals a reversible restructuring into metallic Cu active species with negligible dissolution, demonstrating the robust potential of this green-synthesized catalyst for scalable CO2 electrolysis.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"6 6","pages":"e70323"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13274310/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148278977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Electrospun Poly(caprolactone)/Poly(ethylene oxide) Membranes Incorporating Green-Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Enhanced Wound Healing Applications. 含有绿色合成氧化锌纳米粒子的电纺丝聚（己内酯）/聚（环氧乙烷）膜用于增强伤口愈合应用。

IF 7

Small Science Pub Date : 2026-06-09 eCollection Date: 2026-06-01 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202500562

Ronaldo Silveira, Henrique Borba Modolon, Edgar Andrés Chavarriaga, Alex Arbey Lopera, Jaqueline Leite Vieira, Milena Botelho Pereira Soares, Josiane Dantas Viana Barbosa, Elidio Angioletto, Tiago Bender Wermuth, Oscar Rubem Klegues Montedo, Sabrina Arcaro

{"title":"Electrospun Poly(caprolactone)/Poly(ethylene oxide) Membranes Incorporating Green-Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Enhanced Wound Healing Applications.","authors":"Ronaldo Silveira, Henrique Borba Modolon, Edgar Andrés Chavarriaga, Alex Arbey Lopera, Jaqueline Leite Vieira, Milena Botelho Pereira Soares, Josiane Dantas Viana Barbosa, Elidio Angioletto, Tiago Bender Wermuth, Oscar Rubem Klegues Montedo, Sabrina Arcaro","doi":"10.1002/smsc.202500562","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smsc.202500562","url":null,"abstract":"Infections are the most frequent complication that impair normal skin repair, often leading to chronic wounds. To overcome this challenge, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized via green combustion using Moringa oleifera extract as fuel. These nanoparticles were incorporated into a poly(caprolactone)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PCL/PEO) membrane fabricated via electrospinning. The composite membranes were characterized by water contact angle, fluid absorption, morphology (SEM), cytotoxicity, cell proliferation (scratch assay), and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The PCL/PEO membrane containing 5% ZnO exhibited optimal characteristics, including hydrophilicity, water uptake capacity exceeding 300%, and a morphology that is suitable for wound healing applications, with an average fiber diameter of 2.93 ± 2.05 µm, pore size of 21.46 ± 8.19 µm, and porosity exceeding 75%. Additionally, the membrane demonstrated excellent biocompatibility with murine fibroblasts, achieving a cell viability of 100%, and exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with inhibition zones of 2.0 and 1.0 mm, respectively. The green synthesized moringa-ZnO imparted outstanding properties to the electrospun membrane, making the system PCL/PEO/moringa-ZnO a promising candidate for advanced wound dressings capable of promoting accelerated wound closure and treating infected wounds.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"6 6","pages":"e202500562"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13248825/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148219958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hydrogen-Free APCVD Synthesis of Heterophase WSe₂ Nano-Butterflies for Room Temperature NO₂ Detection: Experimental and Computational Insights. 无氢APCVD合成用于室温NO2检测的异相WSe2纳米蝴蝶：实验和计算见解。

IF 7

Small Science Pub Date : 2026-06-08 eCollection Date: 2026-06-01 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.70322

Mubdiul Islam Rizu, Abhilash Patra, Fatima Ezahra Annanouch, Milica Todorović, Dalal Fadil, Eduard Llobet

{"title":"Hydrogen-Free APCVD Synthesis of Heterophase WSe2 Nano-Butterflies for Room Temperature NO2 Detection: Experimental and Computational Insights.","authors":"Mubdiul Islam Rizu, Abhilash Patra, Fatima Ezahra Annanouch, Milica Todorović, Dalal Fadil, Eduard Llobet","doi":"10.1002/smsc.70322","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smsc.70322","url":null,"abstract":"We report a scalable hydrogen-free synthesis of heterophase 2H/1T' WSe2-based gas sensor for ultrasensitive room temperature NO2 detection. Moving beyond conventional defect engineering, this work leverages deliberate phase and morphological synergies to overcome traditional kinetic trade-offs in 2D material-based sensors. Unlike conventional 3D structures, this open hierarchical nano-butterfly-like morphology prevents van der Waals restacking and maximizes exposed active edge sites for rapid gas diffusion. Quantitative phase engineering yielding an optimized surface of kinetically trapped 1T' domains (∼17%) within a dominant 2H matrix (∼83%) uniquely couples the semiconducting baseline stability of the 2H phase with the rapid, metallic charge-transfer channels of the 1T' twin boundaries. This synergistic transduction mechanism demonstrated a remarkable 40% response toward 800 ppb NO2, a theoretical limit of detection (LOD) of 4 ppb, and robust environmental stability over 40 weeks without requiring external thermal or optical activation. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) simulations accelerated by Bayesian optimization successfully validated the experimental findings, identifying physisorption as the dominant interaction mode for NO2 on WSe2 and providing insight into different adsorption modes on 2H and 1T' domains. These results establish a highly quantitative, structurally engineered framework for next-generation low-power transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) based gas sensors.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"6 6","pages":"e70322"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13248848/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148220026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Metal-Organic Frameworks as Programable Platforms for Micro- and Optoelectronics: From Dielectrics to Semiconductors and White-Light Emitters. 金属有机框架作为微电子和光电子学的可编程平台：从电介质到半导体和白光发射器。

IF 7

Small Science Pub Date : 2026-06-02 eCollection Date: 2026-06-01 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.70309

Pounraj Thanasekaran, Arif I Inamdar, Muhammad Usman, Ming-Hsi Chiang, Yen-Hsiang Liu, Kuang-Lieh Lu

{"title":"Metal-Organic Frameworks as Programable Platforms for Micro- and Optoelectronics: From Dielectrics to Semiconductors and White-Light Emitters.","authors":"Pounraj Thanasekaran, Arif I Inamdar, Muhammad Usman, Ming-Hsi Chiang, Yen-Hsiang Liu, Kuang-Lieh Lu","doi":"10.1002/smsc.70309","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smsc.70309","url":null,"abstract":"Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are emerging as highly tunable materials for microelectronic and optoelectronic applications due to their modular structures and chemically programable properties. Here we summarize recent advances in MOFs as functional electronic materials, including their use as low- and high-dielectric-constant insulators, semiconductors with enhanced charge transport, and intrinsic broadband white-light emitters. Key strategies for bandgap and property modulation, such as metal-node selection, π-conjugated linker design, guest incorporation, and the role of coordinated or confined water, are critically discussed. Recent progress in electrically driven, phosphor-free white-light-emitting MOFs, especially single-component systems, is highlighted as a promising route toward simplified device architectures and environmentally sustainable alternatives to conventional luminescent materials. Remaining challenges in electrical conductivity, operational stability, and scalable device integration are assessed, alongside emerging solutions involving framework dimensionality control, improved charge transport pathways, and predictive computational modeling. Overall, MOFs are positioned as promising candidates for next-generation nanoelectronic and optoelectronic technologies.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"6 6","pages":"e70309"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13248846/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148220007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Discovery of Novel Ionizable Lipids for Lipid Nanoparticles: Lipophilicity as a Predictor of Squaramide Head Group Lipid Clearance. 发现用于脂质纳米颗粒的新型可电离脂质：亲脂性作为Squaramide头基团脂质清除的预测因子。

IF 7

Small Science Pub Date : 2026-06-01 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.70314

E Sathyajith Kumarasinghe, Edward J Hennessy, Michael W Danneman, Kristine E Burke, Timothy Salerno, Erin E Giardino, Matthew D Crawford, Erin L Thomas, Paulo L Markaj, Farbod Mahmoudinobar, Edward Acosta, Carla Leite, Kerry E Benenato, Juneyoung Lee, Mohindra Seepersaud

{"title":"Discovery of Novel Ionizable Lipids for Lipid Nanoparticles: Lipophilicity as a Predictor of Squaramide Head Group Lipid Clearance.","authors":"E Sathyajith Kumarasinghe, Edward J Hennessy, Michael W Danneman, Kristine E Burke, Timothy Salerno, Erin E Giardino, Matthew D Crawford, Erin L Thomas, Paulo L Markaj, Farbod Mahmoudinobar, Edward Acosta, Carla Leite, Kerry E Benenato, Juneyoung Lee, Mohindra Seepersaud","doi":"10.1002/smsc.70314","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smsc.70314","url":null,"abstract":"Ionizable lipids are a critical component of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for messenger RNA (mRNA) delivery, driving cellular uptake, endosomal escape, and tolerability. It is well-known that chemical modifications to ionizable lipids profoundly affect both potency and safety profiles. However, the lack of reliable predictive tools, limited understanding of lipid behavior, and the intrinsic complexity of LNPs remain major challenges in LNP development. Among these, in vivo lipid clearance is a critical yet poorly understood factor influencing long-term safety of mRNA loaded LNPs, particularly with respect to their accumulation. Impaired clearance leading to lipid accumulation can pose safety liabilities and contribute to long-term toxicity. To address this, we investigated lipophilic properties of squaramide head group ionizable lipids with ester linkers as surrogates for in vivo clearance. We demonstrate that lipid clearance can be tuned by chemical modification and is predictable from simple lipophilicity calculation. To our knowledge, this represents the first computationally driven approach predicting lipid properties relevant to both efficacy and long-term safety within the current competitive landscape.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"6 6","pages":"e70314"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13248833/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148219943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancing the Transparency-Temperature Trade-Off Through Spectral Engineering and Radiative Cooling. 通过光谱工程和辐射冷却提高透明度-温度权衡。

IF 7

Small Science Pub Date : 2026-05-28 eCollection Date: 2026-06-01 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.70311

Pharit Gridtayawong, Taweesak Kaewmanee, Wachara Benchaphanthawee, Varakorn Phiriyasas, Chattrarat Ponghiransmith, Worawut Rueangsawang, Chaowaphat Seriwattanachai, Patawee Sakata, Napong Tangwiroon, Thantham Jittham, Napan Phuphathanaphong, Phatratorn Wonganannont, Tansuda Pinpapat, Tanant Waritanant, Tatpong Tulyananda, Pongsakorn Kanjanaboos

{"title":"Enhancing the Transparency-Temperature Trade-Off Through Spectral Engineering and Radiative Cooling.","authors":"Pharit Gridtayawong, Taweesak Kaewmanee, Wachara Benchaphanthawee, Varakorn Phiriyasas, Chattrarat Ponghiransmith, Worawut Rueangsawang, Chaowaphat Seriwattanachai, Patawee Sakata, Napong Tangwiroon, Thantham Jittham, Napan Phuphathanaphong, Phatratorn Wonganannont, Tansuda Pinpapat, Tanant Waritanant, Tatpong Tulyananda, Pongsakorn Kanjanaboos","doi":"10.1002/smsc.70311","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smsc.70311","url":null,"abstract":"Excess solar heat gain limits greenhouse productivity in tropical climates, where conventional polymer covers accumulate thermal energy and allow near-infrared (NIR) transmission. Here, we demonstrate a scalable multilayer greenhouse film that mitigates daytime heat stress through spectral management of solar radiation combined with radiative cooling. A TiO2-embedded polyethylene terephthalate (PET) scattering layer is laminated with ultraviolet (UV)-IR selective films to prevent excess heat while allowing appropriate photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) transmission. Two configurations are designed to address crop-dependent light requirements: a higher-transmittance film (∼57% PAR) and a stronger heat-rejection film (∼37% PAR). The multilayer structures suppress NIR transmission (up to 80-92% rejection), reduce UV exposure, and exhibit near-unity emissivity within the 8-13 µm atmospheric window (ε¯ ≈ 0.99), enabling efficient radiative heat dissipation. Outdoor rooftop measurements under tropical sunlight demonstrate consistent daytime temperature reductions of 3-5°C compared with those of commercial greenhouse films; the PET-based laminate also provides high mechanical robustness (69-92 MPa tensile strength). These results establish spectral engineering as a practical strategy to manage the transparency-cooling trade-off for passive greenhouse cooling in hot climates.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"6 6","pages":"e70311"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13248842/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148220003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0