Small Science最新文献_第9页

Asymmetric Doping of a Polyelectrolyte Network Into a Tough Slide-Ring Hydrogel Membrane to Enhance Sustainable Osmotic Energy Harvesting. 不对称掺杂聚电解质网络形成坚韧的滑环水凝胶膜以增强可持续渗透能量收集。

IF 7

Small Science Pub Date : 2026-07-09 eCollection Date: 2026-07-01 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.70334

Subhankar Mandal, Ignacio Lorente Montero, Aseem Milind Visal, Carson J Bruns

{"title":"Asymmetric Doping of a Polyelectrolyte Network Into a Tough Slide-Ring Hydrogel Membrane to Enhance Sustainable Osmotic Energy Harvesting.","authors":"Subhankar Mandal, Ignacio Lorente Montero, Aseem Milind Visal, Carson J Bruns","doi":"10.1002/smsc.70334","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smsc.70334","url":null,"abstract":"Asymmetric ion-selective membranes are beneficial for harvesting osmotic energy from salinity gradients such as the seawater-freshwater interface by reverse electrodialysis (RED). Among the various RED membrane technologies, gradient hydrogel membranes can exhibit exceptional performance due to structural features that facilitate ion-selective transport, but often suffer from poor mechanical properties and/or high internal resistance. Here, a high-entanglement slide-ring asymmetric polyelectrolyte double-network (SRAP-DN) hydrogel membrane has been prepared by unilateral photopolymerization for osmotic energy harvesting by RED. The membrane can achieve high output power densities >10 Wm-2 under the neutral 50-fold salinity gradient, which can be boosted to >16 Wm-2 at pH 12 with a 200-fold KCl gradient. Unlike most hydrogel membranes, SRAP-DN is remarkably tough yet extremely high in water content (93%), which lowers internal resistance while benefiting cost and scalability by minimizing polymer content. SRAP-DN was leveraged to prototype miniature and flexible thin-film power supplies made of 24 cells connected in series that can harvest osmotic energy from natural seawater and river water to produce >2 V of stable potential. The excellent performance of these tough, water-rich membranes in blue energy harvesting bodes well for the prospect of low-cost, eco-, and bio-friendly lightweight power supplies for wearable, implantable, or clean energy technologies.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"6 7","pages":"e70334"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13353304/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148424871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Single Cell Mechanics in Disease Progression. 疾病进展中的单细胞力学。

IF 7

Small Science Pub Date : 2026-07-08 eCollection Date: 2026-07-01 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.70337

Sabin Kim, Jongmin Lee, Kyungtae Lim, Dong-Hwee Kim

{"title":"Single Cell Mechanics in Disease Progression.","authors":"Sabin Kim, Jongmin Lee, Kyungtae Lim, Dong-Hwee Kim","doi":"10.1002/smsc.70337","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smsc.70337","url":null,"abstract":"Mechanical force transmission is essential for maintaining cellular structure and function. Forces generated by the extracellular matrix (ECM) and neighboring cells are transmitted via adhesion and junctional complexes to the cytoskeleton and nucleus, forming an integrated mechanical network. These forces at cell-substrate and cell-cell interfaces can be quantified using biophysical tools such as atomic force microscopy, magnetic tweezers, and Förster resonance energy transfer, which have become core technologies for characterizing cellular mechanical properties. Disruption of cellular mechanical homeostasis underlies diverse pathological conditions: In cancer, cell adhesion loss and cytoskeletal reorganization promote metastasis; in fibrosis, increased ECM stiffness enhances cellular contractility; in inflammation, vascular and epithelial barriers are compromised by junctional breakdown; and in cardiomyopathies and skin-blistering disorders, desmosomal protein defects impair electrical and mechanical coupling. Beyond the cell surface, mechanical forces are transmitted to the nucleus, where they induce lamin-chromatin interactions, lamina-associated domain rearrangement, and heterochromatin condensation, thereby influencing gene expression and cell fate determination. This review aims to summarize the mechanisms of cellular mechanotransduction from the extracellular microenvironment to the nucleus and discusses related diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. A mechanobiological perspective on disease provides valuable insights for developing treatments for cancer, fibrosis, aging, and laminopathies.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"6 7","pages":"e70337"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13346772/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148424862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Na/Cu-Doping Engineering of Carbon Nitride for High-Performance Visible-Light Degradation of Iopamidol. Na/ cu掺杂氮化碳在可见光下高效降解Iopamidol的工程研究。

IF 7

Small Science Pub Date : 2026-07-08 eCollection Date: 2026-07-01 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.70341

Samuel Ashu Abey, Carl Fernandes, Emma Emanuelsson, Nuno M Reis, Antonio J Expósito

{"title":"Na/Cu-Doping Engineering of Carbon Nitride for High-Performance Visible-Light Degradation of Iopamidol.","authors":"Samuel Ashu Abey, Carl Fernandes, Emma Emanuelsson, Nuno M Reis, Antonio J Expósito","doi":"10.1002/smsc.70341","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smsc.70341","url":null,"abstract":"Visible-light-driven photocatalytic generation of hydroxyl radicals provides a sustainable pathway for the photodegradation of emerging contaminants. Particularly, carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is a promising photocatalyst for the removal of emerging contaminants; however, it suffers from a limited surface area and a bandgap that restricts its visible-light photocatalytic efficiency. To overcome these limitations, this study presents a novel copper-sodium codoped graphitic carbon nitride (NaCu-g-C3N4) photocatalyst with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity tested for the degradation of Iopamidol, a persistent and toxic pollutant resistant to conventional wastewater treatment plants. The codoping of Na and Cu was strategically employed to reduce the bandgap energy, enhance visible-light absorption, and increase the surface area, thereby improving the photocatalytic activity of carbon nitride. When combined with the oxidizing agent H2O2, the system accelerated the formation of oxidizing radicals. The synergy of NaCu-g-C3N4 and H2O2 yielded 82.3% degradation of Iopamidol within 120 min under visible light at pH 3, marking the highest and first successful reported visible-light-driven degradation of Iopamidol. These findings highlight the potential of NaCu-g-C3N4 as a cost-effective semiconductor photocatalyst for the efficient and sustainable removal of persistent pollutants.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"6 7","pages":"e70341"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13346769/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148424840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Magneto-Responsive Hybrid Layered Double Hydroxides With Improved Electrochemical Performance and Field-Actuated Healing. 磁响应混合层状双氢氧化物具有改进的电化学性能和场驱动愈合。

IF 7

Small Science Pub Date : 2026-07-07 eCollection Date: 2026-07-01 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.70335

Jeena Mariya Sebastian, Karthik Kiran Sarigamala

{"title":"Magneto-Responsive Hybrid Layered Double Hydroxides With Improved Electrochemical Performance and Field-Actuated Healing.","authors":"Jeena Mariya Sebastian, Karthik Kiran Sarigamala","doi":"10.1002/smsc.70335","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smsc.70335","url":null,"abstract":"Overcoming the intrinsic transport limitations of hybrid supercapacitors using magneto stimulus-responsive layered double hydroxide (LDH) materials is a promising strategy. Here, we present an urchin-like Ni-Co LDH@CNT hybrid that exhibits extraordinary field-enhanced capacitance under a relatively low magnetic field-strengths. The presence of Ni2+/Ni3+ and Co2+/Co3+ allows fast electron hopping and increases the magnetic coupling, while the defects-rich CNTs promote charge delocalization and fast charge transfer. The magnetohydrodynamic microconvection induced by Lorentz forces enhances the ion permeation and surface-controlled redox activity at the hybrid interface. The ion diffusion coefficient increases 2.3-fold (∼6.53 × 10-13 cm2 s-1), while the Tafel slope declined from 77.62 to 62.23 mV dec-1 under field, signifying faster reaction kinetics. The Ni-Co LDH@CNT delivers a high-specific capacity of 657.8 mC cm-2 at 1 mA cm-2 with 78.2% improvement over zero-field conditions and retains ∼98% capacity retention even after 3000 cycles. Magnetic measurements reveal that the 60 mT cycled electrode shows high saturation magnetization of 1.74 emu g-1 compared to the zero-field (1.45 emu g-1), indicating an increased spin alignment and stronger magnetic coupling that facilitates electron transport and redox activity. An asymmetric hybrid device prototype demonstrates reversible field-driven capacity recovery over 10 000 cycles, illustrating magnetically induced self-recovery behavior.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"6 7","pages":"e70335"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13344236/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148413233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cost-Effective Na₄Fe₃(PO₄)₂P₂O₇ Cathode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries in Large-Scale Energy Storage Applications. 大规模储能钠离子电池用高性价比Na4Fe3(PO4)2P2O7正极材料

IF 7

Small Science Pub Date : 2026-06-29 eCollection Date: 2026-07-01 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.70316

Qinghua Shen, Yonghong Qin, Boyi Pang, Ruilin Mai, Jin Song, Huanxin Li, Chaopeng Fu

{"title":"Cost-Effective Na4Fe3(PO4)2P2O7 Cathode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries in Large-Scale Energy Storage Applications.","authors":"Qinghua Shen, Yonghong Qin, Boyi Pang, Ruilin Mai, Jin Song, Huanxin Li, Chaopeng Fu","doi":"10.1002/smsc.70316","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smsc.70316","url":null,"abstract":"The rising interest in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) has led to significant research on cathode materials, given their essential function in SIBs. Among various cathode materials, Na4Fe3(PO4)2P2O7 (NFPP) stands out with its NASICON structure, offering high structural stability, rapid ion transport, and high operating potential. With its ultralong cycle life, cost-effectiveness, high safety, and superb temperature adaptability, NFPP is an attractive choice for large-scale energy storage. Despite these advantages, the widespread application of NFPP is limited by low electronic conductivity and impurity issues. In this review, we discussed the crystal structure, properties, and diverse synthetic approaches of NFPP. Additionally, various modification strategies are also looked into including impurity adjustment, doping, and surface modification. The full cells of NFPP were further analyzed, underscoring its potential for commercialization. In conclusion, we outline our opinions on the obstacles and future research priorities for NFPP. This review aims to assess the potential of NFPP for large-scale energy storage applications, sparking greater interest and progress in NFPP cathode materials.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"6 7","pages":"e70316"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13317664/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148362527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Catcher Domains as Multifunctional Fusion Modules for Soluble Expression, Covalent Coupling, and Spatial Organization of Recombinant Proteins. 捕集器结构域作为重组蛋白可溶性表达、共价偶联和空间组织的多功能融合模块。

IF 7

Small Science Pub Date : 2026-06-24 eCollection Date: 2026-06-01 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.70328

Ruxia Fan, Xing Wan, Safoorah Khanum, Juhani P Jokio, Nea B Möttönen, Miia R Mäkelä, A Sesilja Aranko

{"title":"Catcher Domains as Multifunctional Fusion Modules for Soluble Expression, Covalent Coupling, and Spatial Organization of Recombinant Proteins.","authors":"Ruxia Fan, Xing Wan, Safoorah Khanum, Juhani P Jokio, Nea B Möttönen, Miia R Mäkelä, A Sesilja Aranko","doi":"10.1002/smsc.70328","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smsc.70328","url":null,"abstract":"Fusion tags are essential tools for recombinant protein production, but their functions are often limited to improving solubility or facilitating purification. Catcher domains are split-protein fragments derived from bacterial adhesion proteins that spontaneously form irreversible isopeptide bonds with their complementary Tag. Here, we describe Catcher domains as multifunctional fusion partners that not only enhance soluble protein expression but also enable modular and covalent protein assembly. Fusion of Catcher domains to diverse recombinant proteins, including both structural proteins and enzymes, remarkably enhanced their soluble expression in Escherichia coli. The covalent reaction of Catcher-Tag pairs further provided a versatile platform for downstream modular protein engineering, allowing selective and oriented enzyme immobilization for purification and improved stability, covalent protein polymerization, and selective recruitment into compartmentalized environments. These proof-of-concept studies establish Catcher domains as multifunctional fusion tags that bridge soluble protein expression with modular covalent assembly and immobilization, offering a versatile strategy for the engineering of functional protein systems for applications in biotechnology.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"6 6","pages":"e70328"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13292731/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148333439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

3D-Printed Optical Volatile Organic Compound Sensors Based on Donor-Substituted Coumarin Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters. 基于供体取代香豆素热激活延迟荧光发射器的3d打印光学挥发性有机化合物传感器。

IF 7

Small Science Pub Date : 2026-06-21 eCollection Date: 2026-06-01 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.70325

Sara Paniziutti, Maria Vittoria Piras, Annalisa Chiappone, Enrico Podda, Pier Carlo Ricci, Stefania Porcu, Tomas Matulaitis, Eli Zysman-Colman, Francesco Secci

引用次数: 0

Three-Dimensional Characterization of the Collagen-Hydroxyapatite Interaction During Heterotopic Ossification in Healing Rat Achilles Tendons. 愈合大鼠跟腱异位骨化过程中胶原-羟基磷灰石相互作用的三维表征。

IF 7

Small Science Pub Date : 2026-06-20 eCollection Date: 2026-06-01 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202500644

Kunal Sharma, Isabella Silva Barreto, Hector Dejea, Irene Rodriguez Fernandez, Dario Ferreira Sanchez, Pernilla Eliasson, Maria Pierantoni, Hanna Isaksson

{"title":"Three-Dimensional Characterization of the Collagen-Hydroxyapatite Interaction During Heterotopic Ossification in Healing Rat Achilles Tendons.","authors":"Kunal Sharma, Isabella Silva Barreto, Hector Dejea, Irene Rodriguez Fernandez, Dario Ferreira Sanchez, Pernilla Eliasson, Maria Pierantoni, Hanna Isaksson","doi":"10.1002/smsc.202500644","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smsc.202500644","url":null,"abstract":"Pathological ossification is seen affecting different organs across the body. This includes the Achilles tendon, where the healing process after rupture can be impaired by heterotopic ossifications (HO). The formation pathways for HO in tendons are still debated, and one reason for this is our limited knowledge of their structure and composition in 3D. This study utilizes a multimodal 3D characterization approach to study HO and the surrounding healing tissue at 3-, 6-, and 12-week post-transection in rat Achilles tendons. Microcomputed tomography provided 3D microstructural information. Small- and wide-angle scattering tensor tomography contributed with combined collagen and hydroxyapatite (HA) 3D nanostructural information. Combined 3D X-ray diffraction and fluorescence provided high-resolution structural dimensions of HA crystallites, and chemical composition of both the deposits and the surrounding healing tendon tissue. Morphologically, dense mineralized tissue appeared more fibrous, with higher co-localized quantities of Zn present internally, while porous regions of HO deposits had Zn localization primarily at the boundary. Collagen d-spacing was higher within HO deposits than in the surrounding collagenous tendon tissue. Collagen misalignment close to the HO boundary supports the notion of tissue mineralization occurring prior to the full assembly of the healing tendon network. This methodology can be extrapolated to investigate pathological ossification in other tissues at the nanoscale while capturing the heterogeneity of entire specimens.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"6 6","pages":"e202500644"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13285116/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148309643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Programming Nonlinear Interfacial Mechanics of Synthetic Cells: Lipid Geometry and DNA Nanostructures. 合成细胞的编程非线性界面力学：脂质几何和DNA纳米结构。

IF 7

Small Science Pub Date : 2026-06-16 eCollection Date: 2026-06-01 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.70321

Kazutoshi Masuda, Miho Yanagisawa

{"title":"Programming Nonlinear Interfacial Mechanics of Synthetic Cells: Lipid Geometry and DNA Nanostructures.","authors":"Kazutoshi Masuda, Miho Yanagisawa","doi":"10.1002/smsc.70321","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smsc.70321","url":null,"abstract":"Soft interfaces formed by lipid membranes are fundamental to living cells, synthetic cells, and membrane-based soft materials. However, a quantitative framework linking molecular organization with nonlinear interfacial mechanics remains elusive. Here, we establish an analytical framework that captures the nonlinear elastic response of lipid-membrane-coated synthetic cells under micropipette aspiration. Incorporating both area stretching and curvature bending enables the model to quantitatively reproduce the complete pressure-displacement response within the small-deformation regime. This approach reduces interfacial mechanics to two parameters: the in-plane area-stretching modulus and an out-of-plane bending-related term. Using this unified framework, we experimentally demonstrate that nonlinear interfacial mechanics can be programmed by altering the molecular geometry and effective dimensionality of adsorbed elements. The lipid molecular shape and curvature-dependent packing regulate in-plane stiffness, whereas DNA nanostructures, the other adsorbed element, introduce an orthogonal control axis via dimensionality: three-dimensional network architectures markedly reinforce bending resistance. Together, these results establish a general molecular design principle for programming interfacial mechanics and provide a quantitative foundation for engineering mechanically tunable synthetic cells and soft interfaces.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"6 6","pages":"e70321"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13274316/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148279122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Machine Learning-Assisted Optimization of Iodide Electrolytes for Efficient Indoor Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells with Engineered Photoanodes. 基于机器学习的室内光电阳极染料敏化太阳能电池碘化物电解质优化研究。

IF 7

Small Science Pub Date : 2026-06-13 eCollection Date: 2026-06-01 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.70324

Valid Mwalukuku, Antonio R Blanco, Cyril Aumaître, Yann Kervella, Said Hamad, Renaud Demadrille, Juan A Anta

{"title":"Machine Learning-Assisted Optimization of Iodide Electrolytes for Efficient Indoor Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells with Engineered Photoanodes.","authors":"Valid Mwalukuku, Antonio R Blanco, Cyril Aumaître, Yann Kervella, Said Hamad, Renaud Demadrille, Juan A Anta","doi":"10.1002/smsc.70324","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smsc.70324","url":null,"abstract":"Although dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have lower power conversion efficiencies than other emerging photovoltaic technologies under standard test conditions, they perform remarkably well under low light or artificial lighting. This makes them particularly well suited to indoor photovoltaics (IPVs) and powering Internet of Things (IoT) devices. The most efficient indoor DSSCs rely on copper-based redox shuttles to achieve high photovoltages; however, their long-term stability is still uncertain. In contrast, iodide-based electrolytes are robust under harsh and outdoor conditions, but under indoor illumination, they often deliver limited photovoltage. Here, we propose a strategy that combines an innovative photoanode architecture, designed to suppress charge recombination, with a design of experiments (DoE) approach that is integrated with machine learning (ML). This strategy is intended to optimize iodine-based electrolytes for high-performance IPVs. Support vector machines and Bayesian optimization were employed to accelerate development, achieving efficiencies surpassing 23% at 1000 Lx. As photovoltage is crucial for IoT applications, it was specifically targeted during ML optimization, achieving up to 683 mV at 500 Lx using an iodide/triiodide redox couple. Bayesian optimization also enabled the exploration of electrolyte formulation, achieving 713 mV at 1000 Lx. These results are among the highest reported for iodide/triiodide-based DSSCs under indoor lighting.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"6 6","pages":"e70324"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13274309/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148279004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0