Small Science最新文献

Multi-Organ Microphysiological Systems Targeting Specific Organs for Recapitulating Disease Phenotypes via Organ Crosstalk 针对特定器官的多器官微观生理系统，通过器官串联重现疾病表型

IF 12.7

Small Science Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202400314

Joeng Ju Kim, Mihyeon Bae, Dong-Woo Cho

{"title":"Multi-Organ Microphysiological Systems Targeting Specific Organs for Recapitulating Disease Phenotypes via Organ Crosstalk","authors":"Joeng Ju Kim, Mihyeon Bae, Dong-Woo Cho","doi":"10.1002/smsc.202400314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smsc.202400314","url":null,"abstract":"Various systemic metabolic diseases arise from prolonged crosstalk across multiple organs, triggering serious impairments in various physiological systems. These diseases are intricate systemic pathologies characterized by complex mechanisms and an unclear etiology, making the treatment challenging. Efforts have been made to develop in vitro models to understand these diseases and devise new treatments. However, there are limitations in reconstructing the causal relationships between diseases and interorgan crosstalk, including the tissue-specific microenvironment. Alternatively, multi-organ microphysiological systems (MOMPS) present new possibilities for capturing the complexity of systemic metabolic diseases by replicating human microphysiology and simulating diverse interorgan crosstalk. Controlled interactions and scalable representations of biological complexity in MOMPS offer a more accurate portrayal of organ interactions, enabling the identification of novel relationships between organ crosstalk, metabolism, and immunity. This, in turn, can yield valuable insights into disease mechanisms and drug development research and enhance the efficiency of preclinical studies. In this review, the examples and technical capabilities of MOMPS pathological modeling for various diseases are discussed, leveraging state-of-the-art biofabrication technology of MOMPS. It evaluates the current opportunities and challenges in this field.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142253647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ultralow Lattice Thermal Conductivity of Zintl-Phase CaAgSb Induced by Interface and Superlattice Scattering 由界面和超晶格散射诱导的津特尔相 CaAgSb 的超低晶格导热率

IF 12.7

Small Science Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202400147

Wenhua Xue, Jie Chen, Honghao Yao, Jun Mao, Chen Chen, Yumei Wang, Qian Zhang

引用次数: 0

Transformative Impact of Nanocarrier-Mediated Drug Delivery: Overcoming Biological Barriers and Expanding Therapeutic Horizons 纳米载体介导的药物传输的变革性影响：克服生物障碍，拓展治疗领域

IF 12.7

Small Science Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202400280

Minhye Kim, Myeongyeon Shin, Yaping Zhao, Mrinmoy Ghosh, Young-Ok Son

{"title":"Transformative Impact of Nanocarrier-Mediated Drug Delivery: Overcoming Biological Barriers and Expanding Therapeutic Horizons","authors":"Minhye Kim, Myeongyeon Shin, Yaping Zhao, Mrinmoy Ghosh, Young-Ok Son","doi":"10.1002/smsc.202400280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smsc.202400280","url":null,"abstract":"Advancing therapeutic progress is centered on developing drug delivery systems (DDS) that control therapeutic molecule release, ensuring precise targeting and optimal concentrations. Targeted DDS enhances treatment efficacy and minimizes off-target effects, but struggles with drug degradation. Over the last three decades, nanopharmaceuticals have evolved from laboratory concepts into clinical products, highlighting the profound impact of nanotechnology in medicine. Despite advancements, the effective delivery of therapeutics remains challenging because of biological barriers. Nanocarriers offer a solution with a small size, high surface-to-volume ratios, and customizable properties. These systems address physiological and biological challenges, such as shear stress, protein adsorption, and quick clearance. They allow targeted delivery to specific tissues, improve treatment outcomes, and reduce adverse effects. Nanocarriers exhibit controlled release, decreased degradation, and enhanced efficacy. Their size facilitates cell membrane penetration and intracellular delivery. Surface modifications increase affinity for specific cell types, allowing precise treatment delivery. This study also elucidates the potential integration of artificial intelligence with nanoscience to innovate future nanocarrier systems.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142253654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Inflammatory or Reparative? Tuning Macrophage Polarization Using Anodized Anisotropic Nanoporous Titanium Implant Surfaces 炎症还是修复？利用阳极氧化各向异性纳米多孔钛种植体表面调节巨噬细胞极化

IF 12.7

Small Science Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202400211

Ho-Jin Moon, Karan Gulati, Tao Li, Corey Stephen Moran, Sašo Ivanovski

{"title":"Inflammatory or Reparative? Tuning Macrophage Polarization Using Anodized Anisotropic Nanoporous Titanium Implant Surfaces","authors":"Ho-Jin Moon, Karan Gulati, Tao Li, Corey Stephen Moran, Sašo Ivanovski","doi":"10.1002/smsc.202400211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smsc.202400211","url":null,"abstract":"Modulating macrophage phenotype based on implant surface characteristics, including topography and chemistry, has been employed to enhance osseointegration and long-term functional outcomes for titanium (Ti)-based implants. An excessive and/or prolonged M1 macrophage response can lead to damaging immune-inflammatory reactions, negatively influencing the fate of the implant, and hence, modulating these responses via nanoscale implant surface modification is an emerging paradigm. Herein, an anodized titanium implant surface based on single-step electrochemical anodization, with preserved underlying microfeatures and superimposed nanopores (50 and 70 nm), compared with irregular rough and microrough (machined-like) surfaces, is investigated for its effect on the functions of primary macrophages in vitro. Significantly reduced macrophage proliferation and increased tissue-reparative M2 phenotype polarization are confirmed for the nanopores, which are more pronounced for 70 nm diameter. Moreover, osteoclastogenesis is reduced while osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts is enhanced for the nanopores (higher for 70 nm pores). Advanced nanoengineered Ti implants can enhance titanium implant tissue integration by modulating the inflammatory response at the implant–cell interface.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142253346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Flexible Phototransistors on Paper: Scalable Fabrication of PEDOT:PSS Devices Using a Pen Plotter 纸上柔性光电晶体管：使用笔式绘图仪大规模制造 PEDOT:PSS 器件

IF 12.7

Small Science Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202400063

Yigit Sozen, Gülsüm Ersu, Thomas Pucher, Jorge Quereda, Andres Castellanos-Gomez

{"title":"Flexible Phototransistors on Paper: Scalable Fabrication of PEDOT:PSS Devices Using a Pen Plotter","authors":"Yigit Sozen, Gülsüm Ersu, Thomas Pucher, Jorge Quereda, Andres Castellanos-Gomez","doi":"10.1002/smsc.202400063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smsc.202400063","url":null,"abstract":"Phototransistors are used in plenty of diverse applications such as optical communication systems, light sensors, imaging devices, and biomedical instruments for detecting and amplifying light signals. Herein, an approach for the large-scale production of low-cost and flexible phototransistors by integrating the inks of PEDOT:PSS, and graphite with paper, which serves as an ionic conductor material to gate the PEDOT:PSS channel, is proposed. The fabrication of the devices is carried out by sequentially depositing the PEDOT:PSS channel and graphite electrodes onto paper using a benchtop XY plotter. To characterize device-to-device variability, 200 devices are fabricated and their electrical and optical properties are statistically analyzed. By performing a detailed characterization on the optical properties under varying wavelength, power, and bias conditions, it is found that devices exhibit good photoresponse across a wide spectrum range. Moreover, devices maintain their photoactive characteristics even when subjected to high mechanical tensile strain, indicating the suitability of these paper-supported devices for flexible electronic applications. Time and photocurrent magnitude can be tuned via gate voltages applied through the graphite-based back-gate configuration.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142253650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tunneling Mechanisms of Quinones in Photosynthetic Reaction Center–Light Harvesting 1 Supercomplexes 光合作用反应中心-光收集 1 超级复合物中醌的隧道机制

IF 12.7

Small Science Pub Date : 2024-09-15 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202400188

Ruichao Mao, Jianping Guo, Lihua Bie, Lu-Ning Liu, Jun Gao

{"title":"Tunneling Mechanisms of Quinones in Photosynthetic Reaction Center–Light Harvesting 1 Supercomplexes","authors":"Ruichao Mao, Jianping Guo, Lihua Bie, Lu-Ning Liu, Jun Gao","doi":"10.1002/smsc.202400188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smsc.202400188","url":null,"abstract":"In photosynthesis, light energy is absorbed and transferred to the reaction center, ultimately leading to the reduction of quinone molecules through the electron transfer chain. The oxidation and reduction of quinones generate an electrochemical potential difference used for adenosine triphosphate synthesis. The trafficking of quinone/quinol molecules between electron transport components has been a long-standing question. Here, an atomic-level investigation into the molecular mechanism of quinol dissociation in the photosynthetic reaction center–light-harvesting complex 1 (RC–LH1) supercomplexes from Rhodopseudomonas palustris, using classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations combined with self-random acceleration MD-MD simulations and umbrella sampling methods, is conducted. Results reveal a significant increase in the mobility of quinone molecules upon reduction within RC–LH1, which is accompanied by conformational modifications in the local protein environment. Quinol molecules have a tendency to escape from RC–LH1 in a tail-first mode, exhibiting channel selectivity, with distinct preferred dissociation pathways in the closed and open LH1 rings. Furthermore, comparative analysis of free energy profiles indicates that alternations in the protein environment accelerate the dissociation of quinol molecules through the open LH1 ring. In particular, aromatic amino acids form π-stacking interactions with the quinol headgroup, resembling the key components in a conveyor belt system. This study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms that govern quinone/quinol exchange in bacterial photosynthesis and lays the framework for tuning electron flow and energy conversion to improve metabolic performance.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142253653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Space-Confined Growth of Ultrathin 2D β-Ga2O3 Nanoflakes for Artificial Neuromorphic Application 用于人工神经形态应用的超薄二维 β-Ga2O3 纳米片的空间限制生长

IF 12.7

Small Science Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202400241

Mingli Liu, Shuai Liu, Jian Yao, Yu Teng, Lin Geng, Alei Li, Lin Wang, Yunfei Li, Qing Guo, Zongjie Shen, Lixing Kang, Mingsheng Long

{"title":"Space-Confined Growth of Ultrathin 2D β-Ga2O3 Nanoflakes for Artificial Neuromorphic Application","authors":"Mingli Liu, Shuai Liu, Jian Yao, Yu Teng, Lin Geng, Alei Li, Lin Wang, Yunfei Li, Qing Guo, Zongjie Shen, Lixing Kang, Mingsheng Long","doi":"10.1002/smsc.202400241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smsc.202400241","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, wide-bandgap semiconductor β-Ga2O3 material has been widely studied because of its excellent properties. Simultaneously, 2D metal oxides (2DMOs) have also become a focus of research owing to their superior stability and unique physical properties arising from quantum confinement effects. Therefore, the exploration of 2D β-Ga2O3 is expected to reveal its novel electrical properties in electronic applications. However, the synthesis of high-quality 2D β-Ga2O3 remains a formidable challenge. Herein, a confined space is constructed to synthesize high-quality 2D β-Ga2O3 nanoflakes by enhancing the control of the kinetics of chemical vapor deposition process. In the device results, it is shown that the grown nanoflakes have excellent switching properties and potential artificial synaptic response characteristics. Based on this premise, an artificial recognition system for handwritten numerals is developed, achieving a peak recognition accuracy of approximately 96%. This system holds significant potential for application within an emerging neuromorphic recognition framework tailored for advanced driver-assistance systems. In this work, a new feasible pathway is provided for the synthesis of 2D non-layered oxides and the potential of 2D oxides in the field of neuroanalog electronics and recognition is shown, thereby advancing the fields of 2D β-Ga2O3 electronics and 2DMOs electronics.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142224587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Platinum Nanozyme Probes for Cellular Imaging by Electron Microscopy 用于电子显微镜细胞成像的铂纳米酶探针

IF 12.7

Small Science Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202470035

Elisa De Luca, Deborah Pedone, Anna Scarsi, Roberto Marotta, Federico Catalano, Doriana Debellis, Lorenzo Cursi, Benedetto Grimaldi, Mauro Moglianetti, Pier Paolo Pompa

引用次数: 0

A Novel Piezo1 Agonist Promoting Mesenchymal Stem Cell Proliferation and Osteogenesis to Attenuate Disuse Osteoporosis 一种促进间充质干细胞增殖和骨生成的新型 Piezo1 激动剂，可减轻废用性骨质疏松症

IF 12.7

Small Science Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202470037

Ruihan Hao, Hairong Tang, Chunyong Ding, Bhavana Rajbanshi, Yuhang Liu, Ding Ma, Zhouyi Duan, Yuxin Qi, Liming Dai, Bingjun Zhang, Ao Zhang, Xiaoling Zhang

引用次数: 0

Tuning the Immune Cell Response through Surface Nanotopography Engineering 通过表面纳米形貌工程调节免疫细胞反应

IF 12.7

Small Science Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202470038

Raïssa Rathar, David Sanchez-Fuentes, Hugo Lachuer, Valentin Meire, Aude Boulay, Rudy Desgarceaux, Fabien P. Blanchet, Adrian Carretero-Genevrier, Laura Picas

引用次数: 0