Small Science最新文献_第2页

Time-Resolved Intrinsic and Extrinsic Photoresponse of Colloidal Short-Wavelength Infrared-Active Indium Antimonide Quantum Dot Photodetectors.

IF 8.3

Small Science Pub Date : 2025-07-22 eCollection Date: 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202500276

Yongju Kwon, Zhouxiaosong Zeng, Fabian Strauß, Eric Juriatti, Patrick Michel, Heiko Peisert, Marcus Scheele

{"title":"Time-Resolved Intrinsic and Extrinsic Photoresponse of Colloidal Short-Wavelength Infrared-Active Indium Antimonide Quantum Dot Photodetectors.","authors":"Yongju Kwon, Zhouxiaosong Zeng, Fabian Strauß, Eric Juriatti, Patrick Michel, Heiko Peisert, Marcus Scheele","doi":"10.1002/smsc.202500276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smsc.202500276","url":null,"abstract":"Colloidal indium antimonide (InSb) quantum dots (QDs) are highly promising nanomaterials for short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) photodetectors due to their optical properties, solution processability, and low toxicity. Here, surface engineering of colloidal InSb QDs and an investigation of the intrinsic and extrinsic photoresponse time (τ In and t Ex) of InSb QD photodetectors is presented. Chloride (Cl-) ligands are chosen for surface engineering and their effect is studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Using a pump-probe technique based on asynchronous optical sampling (ASOPS), we find that τ In of Cl-capped InSb QDs (InSb-Cl QDs) can be described by two components of 1.5 ns and 200 ps. By studying the dependence of these components on the voltage, the excitation power, and the temperature, we assign them to trap-assisted Auger recombination and carrier trapping. For t Ex, much faster rise times (9.77 μs) than fall times (635 μs) indicate prolonged recovery due to slow release of trapped carriers is obtained. We devise measures to partially mitigate this drawback, enabling submicrosecond photo switching and a 3 dB bandwidth of 5 MHz. These findings highlight the potential of environmentally benign and high-speed SWIR photodetectors based on colloidal III-V semiconductor nanomaterials.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"5 10","pages":"2500276"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12499498/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145245444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Engineering Synergistic Oxygen-Proton Properties for High-Performance Reversible Protonic Ceramic Cell Air Electrodes. 高性能可逆质子陶瓷电池空气电极的工程协同氧质子特性。

IF 8.3

Small Science Pub Date : 2025-07-22 eCollection Date: 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202500256

Na Yu, Xi Chen, Tong Liu, Shuo Zhai, Jiaxin Yuan, Yufei Song, Meng Ni

{"title":"Engineering Synergistic Oxygen-Proton Properties for High-Performance Reversible Protonic Ceramic Cell Air Electrodes.","authors":"Na Yu, Xi Chen, Tong Liu, Shuo Zhai, Jiaxin Yuan, Yufei Song, Meng Ni","doi":"10.1002/smsc.202500256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smsc.202500256","url":null,"abstract":"Reversible protonic ceramic cells (RePCCs) promise integration with renewable energy, supporting sustainable energy systems. RePCC performance hinges on the air electrode activity, where optimal proton, oxygen, and electron transport are essential. However, in air electrodes, oxygen exchange requires vacancies, while hydration consumes them, creating a fundamental trade-off. Conventional material design strategies overemphasize hydration, overlooking their impact on oxygen transport. Here, using a simple Nb-doped Sr3Fe2O7-δ (SF) perovskite system, this study demonstrates that balanced oxygen-proton transport properties are essential for high-performance air electrodes. Specifically, SF exhibits abundant oxygen vacancies, yet excessive hydration occupies these vacancies, thereby limiting oxygen-ion transport and impairing oxygen electrocatalytic activity. Optimal Nb doping maintains the oxygen vacancy concentration while effectively suppressing excessive hydration due to the enhanced electrostatic repulsion between lattice cations and protons resulting from Nb doping. The resulting Sr3Fe1.9Nb0.1O7-δ (SFNb0.1) electrode achieves a balance between oxygen and proton transport. Furthermore, Nb doping stabilizes the material's crystal structure. As a result, the electrode shows enhanced activity and stability. This work underscores balanced oxygen-proton transport as a key design principle for high-performance RePCC air electrodes.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"5 10","pages":"2500256"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12499451/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145245314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Developments of Thermosensitive Hydrogel for Maxillofacial Bone Regeneration. 颌面部骨再生用热敏水凝胶的研究进展。

IF 8.3

Small Science Pub Date : 2025-07-22 eCollection Date: 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202500225

Qinrou Zhang, Ying Wu, Jialiang Dai, Zihan Jia, Minjia Zhu, Xinyi Li, Le Xiao, Jingyi Li, Zixiang Dai, Yuxing Bai, Jibin Song, Ke Zhang

{"title":"Developments of Thermosensitive Hydrogel for Maxillofacial Bone Regeneration.","authors":"Qinrou Zhang, Ying Wu, Jialiang Dai, Zihan Jia, Minjia Zhu, Xinyi Li, Le Xiao, Jingyi Li, Zixiang Dai, Yuxing Bai, Jibin Song, Ke Zhang","doi":"10.1002/smsc.202500225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smsc.202500225","url":null,"abstract":"Maxillofacial bone defects usually lead to facial deformities and multifunctional impairments, which tremendously damage patients' mental health and social functioning. Recently, the thermosensitive hydrogel combined with seed cells and growth factors has offered a novel approach for maxillofacial bone regeneration. Remarkably responsive to external temperature changes, thermosensitive hydrogel can transform between sol and gel states. Furthermore, its unique properties, such as fluidity, minimally invasive injectability, localized applicability, and controllable drug release, have been increasingly recognized, endowing it with significant promise in bone regeneration. Cutting-edge research on the effects of thermosensitive hydrogels has been reviewed. However, the mechanisms involved in promoting bone regeneration in the maxillofacial region have not yet been established. This article represents the first review of the specific mechanism of thermosensitive hydrogel in angiogenesis and neurogenesis, specifically focusing on its role in maxillofacial osteogenesis. Finally, the article examines the scaffold and drug delivery capabilities of thermosensitive hydrogel in maxillofacial osteogenesis. This review is expected to provide some insights into the advanced developments of thermosensitive hydrogel for maxillofacial bone regeneration.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"5 10","pages":"2500225"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12499406/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145245263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Microfluidic Platform for Actin-Based Membrane Remodeling Reveals the Stabilizing Role of Branched Actin Networks on Lipid Microdomains.

IF 8.3

Small Science Pub Date : 2025-07-22 eCollection Date: 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202500210

Lixin Huang, Rogério Lopes Dos Santos, Sid Labdi, Guillaume Lamour, Olek Maciejak, Michel Malo, John Manzi, Martin Lenz, Jacques Fattaccioli, Clément Campillo

{"title":"A Microfluidic Platform for Actin-Based Membrane Remodeling Reveals the Stabilizing Role of Branched Actin Networks on Lipid Microdomains.","authors":"Lixin Huang, Rogério Lopes Dos Santos, Sid Labdi, Guillaume Lamour, Olek Maciejak, Michel Malo, John Manzi, Martin Lenz, Jacques Fattaccioli, Clément Campillo","doi":"10.1002/smsc.202500210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smsc.202500210","url":null,"abstract":"Cell shape changes, essential for processes such as motility or division, are controlled by the actomyosin cortex that actively remodels biological membranes. Their mechanisms can be deciphered in vitro using biomimetic reconstituted systems, such as giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) with controlled lipid composition coupled to reconstituted actin networks. These assays allow mimicking cell shape changes in controlled biochemical and biophysical environments. However, studying the dynamics of these shape changes on statistically significant populations of GUVs with the possibility to sequentially modify the protein composition of the assay is a major experimental challenge. To address these issues, a microfluidic approach is used to immobilize several dozens of isolated GUVs and monitor membrane and actin network evolution. The loading of the chamber with GUVs and actin is first characterized. Then, the actin-induced remodeling of populations of homogeneous and phase-separated GUVs is monitored and shows that actin networks prevent the coalescence of lipid microdomains and that, in return, the number of domains affects the actin network structure. This microfluidic-based experimental strategy, thus, allows for studying actin-induced membrane deformation in vitro and can be adapted to other studies on membrane remodeling processes.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"5 10","pages":"2500210"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12499385/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145245744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Emerging Nanonutraceuticals against Obesity. 新兴的抗肥胖纳米药物。

IF 8.3

Small Science Pub Date : 2025-07-22 eCollection Date: 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202500116

Linjie Ni, Minmin Peng, Yiying Liang, Xiwen Ye, Hanying Zheng, Dongbei Guo, Liang Yang, Xusangni Li, Ronghe Chen

{"title":"Emerging Nanonutraceuticals against Obesity.","authors":"Linjie Ni, Minmin Peng, Yiying Liang, Xiwen Ye, Hanying Zheng, Dongbei Guo, Liang Yang, Xusangni Li, Ronghe Chen","doi":"10.1002/smsc.202500116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smsc.202500116","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity, a global public health issue, often emanates from dietary imbalances. Strategic nutraceutical supplementation can fundamentally mitigate or even reverse obesity with minimal adverse effects. Nonetheless, most antiobesity nutraceuticals possess intrinsic limitations in oral administration, such as low solubility, chemical instability, and susceptibility to biodegradation. These drastically diminish their bioavailability, thereby restricting their effectiveness in combating obesity. The emergence of nanotechnology heralds a transformative paradigm to clear this hurdle. A myriad of nutraceuticals has been nanomodified for obesity management, yet a comprehensive compilation on this topic is currently absent. Accordingly, this review focuses on all antiobesity nanonutraceuticals and expounds their characteristics, enhanced bioavailability, and weight-loss mechanisms according to six primary categories: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals. Their application perspectives, impediments, and potential solutions are further discussed. As a pivotal reference, this review will accelerate the in-depth development of nanonutraceuticals and their translation from bench to bedside in the ongoing battle against the global obesity epidemic.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"5 10","pages":"2500116"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12499394/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145245285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Halogen-Free Anisotropic Atomic-Layer Etching of HfO₂ at Room Temperature.

IF 8.3

Small Science Pub Date : 2025-07-22 eCollection Date: 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202500251

Shih-Nan Hsiao, Pak-Man Yiu, Li-Chun Chang, Jyh-Wei Lee, Makoto Sekine, Masaru Hori

{"title":"Halogen-Free Anisotropic Atomic-Layer Etching of HfO2 at Room Temperature.","authors":"Shih-Nan Hsiao, Pak-Man Yiu, Li-Chun Chang, Jyh-Wei Lee, Makoto Sekine, Masaru Hori","doi":"10.1002/smsc.202500251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smsc.202500251","url":null,"abstract":"Hafnium(IV) oxide (HfO2)-based materials have attracted substantial interest owing to their outstanding performance in advanced ultrathin semiconductor devices. However, achieving atomic-level precision and smoothness in HfO2 etching remains a major challenge, primarily due to the nonvolatility of reaction products formed with halogen-based chemicals at room temperature. Herein, a facile cyclic atomic-layer etching (ALE) process capable of etching HfO2 films at room temperature without the use of halogen-based chemicals is reported. The ALE process consists of a surface nitrogenation step via N+-ion bombardment during N2 plasma exposure, followed by O2 plasma treatment to remove the surface-modified layer through the formation of volatile etching byproducts-most likely hafnium nitrates. This process enables precise, subatomic-level etching of HfO2, achieving an etch depth per cycle ranging from 0.23 to 1.07 Å/cycle, depending on the N+ ion energy. Additionally, this cyclic ALE method effectively smooths the HfO2 surface, yielding a 60% reduction in surface roughness after 20 cycles. Based on the proposed mechanism, this facile ALE process can be extended to other transition metal oxides and offers a sustainable route for fabricating advanced functional oxide-based devices, without generating corrosive or toxic wastes.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"5 10","pages":"2500251"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12499433/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145245430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Addressing Lithium Deficiency in Anode-Free Lithium Metal Batteries: Design Principles and Supplementation Strategies.

IF 8.3

Small Science Pub Date : 2025-07-16 eCollection Date: 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202500254

Maolin Sun, Kai Tang, Zhichuan J Xu

{"title":"Addressing Lithium Deficiency in Anode-Free Lithium Metal Batteries: Design Principles and Supplementation Strategies.","authors":"Maolin Sun, Kai Tang, Zhichuan J Xu","doi":"10.1002/smsc.202500254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smsc.202500254","url":null,"abstract":"Anode-free lithium metal batteries (AFLMBs) are now considered as a promising next-generation energy storage system due to their exceptional energy density and compatibility with existing lithium-ion battery manufacturing infrastructure. However, their practical deployment is hindered by severe capacity degradation, primarily caused by the irreversible consumption of lithium. This perspective explores how lithium supplementation and recovery strategies can address these challenges by shifting focus from conventional structural engineering to chemical compensation mechanisms. Recent advances are systematically categorized into three main approaches: cathode overlithiation, cathode additives, and electrolyte-based supplementation. For each strategy, the underlying mechanisms, representative materials, and electrochemical performance are critically evaluated. Particular attention is given to lithium storage capacity, decomposition potential, electrochemical compatibility, and byproduct management. The interdependence between lithium compensation methods and electrode/electrolyte design is also examined to clarify their cooperative or competing roles within full-cell configurations. In addition, strategies for recovering inactive lithium, including dead lithium reactivation and solid electrolyte interphase reconstruction, are discussed as complementary pathways. By comparing the advantages and limitations of these approaches, this perspective highlights key material design principles and provides practical insights for advancing AFLMB systems with high-energy density and extended cycling stability.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"5 10","pages":"2500254"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12499400/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145245706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Label-Free Machine Learning Prediction of Chemotherapy on Tumor Spheroids Using a Microfluidics Droplet Platform. 使用微流体液滴平台的无标记机器学习预测肿瘤球体化疗。

IF 8.3

Small Science Pub Date : 2025-07-16 eCollection Date: 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202500173

Caroline Parent, Hasti Honari, Tiziana Tocci, Franck Simon, Sakina Zaidi, Audric Jan, Vivian Aubert, Olivier Delattre, Hervé Isambert, Claire Wilhelm, Jean-Louis Viovy

{"title":"Label-Free Machine Learning Prediction of Chemotherapy on Tumor Spheroids Using a Microfluidics Droplet Platform.","authors":"Caroline Parent, Hasti Honari, Tiziana Tocci, Franck Simon, Sakina Zaidi, Audric Jan, Vivian Aubert, Olivier Delattre, Hervé Isambert, Claire Wilhelm, Jean-Louis Viovy","doi":"10.1002/smsc.202500173","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smsc.202500173","url":null,"abstract":"An integrated approach is proposed to rapidly evaluate the effects of anticancer treatments in 3D models, combining a droplet-based microfluidic platform for spheroid formation and single-spheroid chemotherapy application, label-free morphological analysis, and machine learning to assess treatment response. Morphological features of spheroids, such as size and color intensity, are extracted and selected using the multivariate information-based inductive causation algorithm, and used to train a neural network for spheroid classification into viability classes, derived from metabolic assays performed within the same platform as a benchmark. The model is tested on Ewing sarcoma cell lines and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) cells, demonstrating robust performance across datasets. It accurately predicts spheroid viability, used to generate dose-response curves and to determine half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values comparable to traditional biochemical assays. Notably, a model trained on cell line spheroids successfully classifies PDX spheroids, highlighting its adaptability. Compared to convolutional neural network-based approaches, this method works with smaller training datasets and provides greater interpretability by identifying key morphological features. The droplet platform further reduces cell requirements, while single-spheroid confinement enhances classification quality. Overall, this label-free experimental and analytical platform is confirmed as a scalable, efficient, and dynamic tool for drug screening.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"5 9","pages":"2500173"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12412520/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145016368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Built-In Electric Field Accelerates Nanotopography-Mediated Enhancement of Vascularized Osseointegration via Ca_v1.2/Piezo/Ca²⁺/PI3K Signaling. 内置电场通过Cav1.2/压电/Ca2+/PI3K信号加速纳米形貌介导的血管化骨整合增强。

IF 8.3

Small Science Pub Date : 2025-07-14 eCollection Date: 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202500095

Jingyan Huang, Dongheng Lu, Cairong Xiao, Jiezhong Guan, Xiaoshuang Wang, Changhao Li, Peng Yu, Yan Wang

{"title":"Built-In Electric Field Accelerates Nanotopography-Mediated Enhancement of Vascularized Osseointegration via Cav1.2/Piezo/Ca2+/PI3K Signaling.","authors":"Jingyan Huang, Dongheng Lu, Cairong Xiao, Jiezhong Guan, Xiaoshuang Wang, Changhao Li, Peng Yu, Yan Wang","doi":"10.1002/smsc.202500095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smsc.202500095","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing studies have emphasized the role of implant surface modifications in enhancing osseointegration through the synergistic regulation of osteogenesis and angiogenesis. While both topography and electrical cues have been shown to promote these processes, the interplay between these biophysical characteristics and their combined effects remain unclear. This study employs polarized BaTiO3 nanorod arrays (NBTP) on titanium surfaces as model substrates to engineer a mechanobiological and piezoelectric microenvironment. Nanotopography improves hydrophilicity, piezoelectric properties, and surface potential due to sharp reduction in Young's modulus. In vitro experiments reveal that topography-mediated mechanobiological remodeling primarily enhances osteogenesis in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and angiogenesis in endothelial cells (ECs) via Piezo2/Piezo1/Ca2+ signaling. The augmented electric field further amplifies this mechanical stress-driven osteogenic/angiogenic response by activating Cav1.2 and potentiating Piezo2/Piezo1 signaling. Microarray analysis and blocking experiments identify the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/GSK3β pathway as a key mediator. Together, topography and the built-in electric field activate paracrine crosstalk between MSCs and ECs, indirectly enhancing osteogenesis and angiogenesis. In vivo studies confirm that nanorod topography significantly improves vascularized osseointegration, while the built-in electric field accelerates bone healing by remodeling the peri-implant microenvironment. These findings advance the design of high-performance bone implants by elucidating the mechanobiological-piezoelectric coupling mechanism underlying vascularized osteogenesis.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"5 10","pages":"2500095"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12499458/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145245002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Green Urea Synthesis from CO₂ and Nitrogenous Small Molecules via Electrocatalysis and Photocatalysis.

IF 8.3

Small Science Pub Date : 2025-07-14 eCollection Date: 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202500289

Lizhen Liu, Lin Zhou, Longcheng Zhang, Hongwei Huang, Xin Zhao, Zhichuan J Xu

{"title":"Green Urea Synthesis from CO2 and Nitrogenous Small Molecules via Electrocatalysis and Photocatalysis.","authors":"Lizhen Liu, Lin Zhou, Longcheng Zhang, Hongwei Huang, Xin Zhao, Zhichuan J Xu","doi":"10.1002/smsc.202500289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smsc.202500289","url":null,"abstract":"Urea is an important and widely consumed compound in agriculture and pharmaceutical industries. Electrocatalytic and photocatalytic approaches enable green urea synthesis from CO2 and nitrogenous small molecules (N2, NO3 -, NO2 -, and NO), offering electron-driven parallel routes that are alternative to Bosch-Meiser process with net-zero emission potential. Although considerable efforts have achieved significant progress, current green urea synthesis is still far from the requirements of practical production due to sluggish reaction kinetics and low efficiency and selectivity of urea. Developing advanced catalysts and catalytic system is crucial for practical green urea synthesis. Therefore, in this review, the fundamentals of urea synthesis, covering the electrocatalytic and photocatalytic processes, thermodynamic and kinetic considerations, C-N coupling mechanism, and urea detection methods are introduced. Then, the pivotal role of the catalytic center in C-N coupling and recent breakthroughs in strategies for catalysts and reaction system design are summarized. Finally, potential directions for catalytic system optimization, standardization of product analysis, and scale-up from laboratory to industry are proposed to guide future research on green urea synthesis.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"5 10","pages":"2500289"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12499446/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145245419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0