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Integrated Photo-Rechargeable Batteries: Configurations, Design Principles, and Energy Loss Mechanisms. 集成光可充电电池:配置,设计原则和能量损失机制。
IF 11.1
Small Science Pub Date : 2025-04-14 eCollection Date: 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202400598
Tianyun Qiu, Wei Zhang, Xiaojing Hao, Kaiwen Sun
{"title":"Integrated Photo-Rechargeable Batteries: Configurations, Design Principles, and Energy Loss Mechanisms.","authors":"Tianyun Qiu, Wei Zhang, Xiaojing Hao, Kaiwen Sun","doi":"10.1002/smsc.202400598","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smsc.202400598","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Integrated photo-rechargeable batteries (IPRBs) represent an emerging device class that enables simultaneous energy conversion and storage, opening new possibilities for sustainable self-powered energy solutions. The rapid advancements in this ascendant field have led to multitudinous constructions and designs, each differing in charge storage mechanisms and carrier dynamics. In this review, these works are revisited and classified into three main types: the photoelectrochemical batteries, the all-in-one monolithic IPRBs, and the photovoltaic-battery integration, which can be further categorized by their electrochemical configurations and working principles into two-terminal, three-terminal, and four-terminal architectures. This study delves into the common issue of IPRBs, namely their energy loss mechanisms, offering a comprehensive overview of current research progress, challenges, and future research directions. This review aims to provide insights and rational guidelines for designing the next-generation high-performance IPRBs.</p>","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"5 6","pages":"2400598"},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12168598/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144318077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nanomedicine Approaches for Autophagy Modulation in Cancer Therapy. 肿瘤治疗中自噬调节的纳米医学方法。
IF 11.1
Small Science Pub Date : 2025-04-11 eCollection Date: 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202400607
Sohaib Mahri, Rodolfo Villa, Ya-Ping Shiau, Menghuan Tang, Kelsey Jane Racacho, Qiufang Zong, Saiful Islam Chowdhury, Tan Hua, Felipe Godinez, Andrew Birkeland, Tzu-Yin Lin, Yuanpei Li
{"title":"Nanomedicine Approaches for Autophagy Modulation in Cancer Therapy.","authors":"Sohaib Mahri, Rodolfo Villa, Ya-Ping Shiau, Menghuan Tang, Kelsey Jane Racacho, Qiufang Zong, Saiful Islam Chowdhury, Tan Hua, Felipe Godinez, Andrew Birkeland, Tzu-Yin Lin, Yuanpei Li","doi":"10.1002/smsc.202400607","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smsc.202400607","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer is a daunting global health problem with a steadily rising incidence. Despite the wide arsenal of current anticancer therapies, challenges such as drug resistance, tumor heterogeneity, poor targeting, and severe side effects often lead to suboptimal efficacy and poor patient outcomes, highlighting the need for innovative therapies. Autophagy modulation has emerged as an attractive approach to complement existing therapies. The dual role of autophagy in cancer promotion and suppression has inspired the development of new drugs and therapeutic strategies focusing on both inhibition and induction. Despite the promising results of current autophagy modulators in preclinical studies, challenges such as the lack of selectivity and potency, toxicity, poor pharmacokinetics, and inadequate tumor targeting continue to limit their successful clinical translation. Many of these challenges could be overcome using nanomedicine. This review explores recent advancements in nanomedicine strategies for autophagy modulation. Successful combination strategies leveraging nanoparticles and autophagy modulators in synergy with chemotherapy, immunotherapy, phototherapy, gene therapy, and other modalities are presented. Additionally, nanomaterials with intrinsic autophagy-modulating capabilities, such as self-assembling autophagy inhibitors, are discussed. Finally, limitations of autophagy modulators currently in clinical trials are discussed, and future perspectives on designing nanomedicine for successful clinical implementation are explored.</p>","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"5 6","pages":"2400607"},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12168626/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144318082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Additive and Laser Manufacturing for Multifunctional Electronics on High-Performance Polymers. 高性能聚合物上多功能电子器件的增材和激光制造。
IF 11.1
Small Science Pub Date : 2025-04-02 eCollection Date: 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202500022
Joshua Vandervelde, Yeowon Yoon, Rifat Shahriar, Stephen B Cronin, Yong Chen
{"title":"Additive and Laser Manufacturing for Multifunctional Electronics on High-Performance Polymers.","authors":"Joshua Vandervelde, Yeowon Yoon, Rifat Shahriar, Stephen B Cronin, Yong Chen","doi":"10.1002/smsc.202500022","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smsc.202500022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Laser-induced graphene (LIG) is a novel multifunctional material fabricated from a single-step laser scribing process on a variety of polymers. LIG electronics display exceptional conducting, heating, and sensing properties, which are desirable for customizable circuits within 3D-printed structures. However, the properties of LIG on high-performance additive manufacturing (AM) materials, such as polyetherimide (PEI, trade name Ultem) and polyether ether ketone (PEEK), have not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, LIG is scribed by a blue laser on pure and 3D-printed PEI and PEEK. Remarkably, the LIG's electrical performances represent several of the lowest sheet resistances reported on PEI- and PEEK-derived LIG to date. These minimal values (1.02 Ω sq<sup>-1</sup>) and their high conductivities (45.4 S cm<sup>-1</sup>) are also among the best electrical characteristics studied on any LIG precursor. The versatility of LIG electronics for AM is further demonstrated on 3D-printed specimens with laser-scribed heaters and strain gauges. LIG heaters show impressive operating ranges and excellent electrothermal properties; LIG strain gauges exhibit large gauge factors and minimal drift. In these findings, an effective approach to fabricate facile electronics in AM structures by integrating additive and laser manufacturing processes is presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"5 6","pages":"2500022"},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12168607/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144318153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exsolution of Pt Nanoparticles from Mixed Zr/Gd-CeO2 Oxides for Microbial Fuel Cell-Based Biosensors. 从混合Zr/Gd-CeO2氧化物中析出Pt纳米粒子用于微生物燃料电池生物传感器。
IF 11.1
Small Science Pub Date : 2025-04-01 eCollection Date: 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202400619
Alex Martinez Martin, Shailza Saini, Anna Salvian, Tarique Miah, Cheuk Yiu Chan, Claudio Avignone Rossa, Siddharth Gadkari, Kalliopi Kousi
{"title":"Exsolution of Pt Nanoparticles from Mixed Zr/Gd-CeO<sub>2</sub> Oxides for Microbial Fuel Cell-Based Biosensors.","authors":"Alex Martinez Martin, Shailza Saini, Anna Salvian, Tarique Miah, Cheuk Yiu Chan, Claudio Avignone Rossa, Siddharth Gadkari, Kalliopi Kousi","doi":"10.1002/smsc.202400619","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smsc.202400619","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cerium oxide (CeO<sub>2</sub>) is a widely used catalyst support in electrochemical and catalytic applications due to its ability to form oxygen vacancies and strong metal-support interactions. However, conventionally prepared CeO<sub>2</sub> catalysts often suffer from deactivation due to sintering and poisoning. Incorporating dopants such as gadolinium (Gd) and zirconium (Zr) into its lattice improves oxygen ion mobility, thermal stability, and resistance to poisoning. Platinum (Pt) is a commonly used catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction in microbial fuel cells for real-time biochemical oxygen demand monitoring. However, its high cost, scarcity, and susceptibility to fouling and poisoning limit implementation in wastewater treatment plants. This study employs the exsolution method to investigate the formation of Pt nanoparticles from undoped, Zr-, and Gd-doped CeO<sub>2</sub> matrices. It is shown that the Gd-doped matrix exhibits the optimal particle characteristics, while electrochemical evaluation in the microbial fuel cells also reveals that it outperforms the other studied materials, in terms of sensitivity and stability. By integrating exsolution with dopant engineering, in an innovative approach, we lower costs, maintain performance, and enhance the operational stability of the cathode material, paving the way for cost-effective and sustainable applications in biosensing but also other catalytic applications of interest.</p>","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"5 6","pages":"2400619"},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12168614/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144318075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Recyclable Printed Liquid Metal Composite for Underwater Stretchable Electronics. 用于水下可拉伸电子设备的可回收印刷液态金属复合材料。
IF 11.1
Small Science Pub Date : 2025-03-31 eCollection Date: 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202400553
Chi-Hyeong Kim, Jinsil Kim, Jiaxin Fan, Meijing Wang, Fabio Cicoira
{"title":"Recyclable Printed Liquid Metal Composite for Underwater Stretchable Electronics.","authors":"Chi-Hyeong Kim, Jinsil Kim, Jiaxin Fan, Meijing Wang, Fabio Cicoira","doi":"10.1002/smsc.202400553","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smsc.202400553","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multifunctional stretchable conductors are crucial components in fully stretchable circuits for wearable bioelectronics. Conductive composites made from liquid metal (LM) fillers and polymer matrices have garnered significant interest due to their high electrical conductivity, adjustable mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and recyclability. Herein, a printable LM composite is developed using a custom-designed block copolymer to ensure electromechanical stability in both wet and dry conditions. The LM composite demonstrates high conductivity (around 10<sup>5</sup> S m<sup>-</sup> <sup>1</sup>), stretchability up to 500%, and maintains stable resistance with cyclic strain ranging from 0 to 50% for over 16 h, in both ambient and aqueous environments. Furthermore, bulk LM is successfully recovered from printed composites using green solvents, supporting the composite's recyclability.</p>","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"5 5","pages":"2400553"},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12087783/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144112044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Designing Nontrivial Real-Space Berry Curvature through Non-Monotonic Bulk Inversion Symmetry Breaking in Self-Intercalated Cr1+δTe2. 自插层Cr1+δTe2非单调体反演对称性破缺设计非平凡实空间Berry曲率。
IF 11.1
Small Science Pub Date : 2025-03-24 eCollection Date: 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202500028
Seungwon Rho, Dameul Jeong, Hyeong-Ryul Kim, Jaeseok Huh, Hyeong-Jun Son, Young-Kyun Kwon, Mann-Ho Cho
{"title":"Designing Nontrivial Real-Space Berry Curvature through Non-Monotonic Bulk Inversion Symmetry Breaking in Self-Intercalated Cr<sub>1+δ</sub>Te<sub>2</sub>.","authors":"Seungwon Rho, Dameul Jeong, Hyeong-Ryul Kim, Jaeseok Huh, Hyeong-Jun Son, Young-Kyun Kwon, Mann-Ho Cho","doi":"10.1002/smsc.202500028","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smsc.202500028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The real-space Berry curvature ( <math> <mrow> <mrow><msub><mi>Ω</mi> <mi>r</mi></msub> </mrow> </mrow> </math> ) in magnetic materials has gained significant attention for its potential applications in chiral spintronic devices. <math> <mrow> <mrow><msub><mi>Ω</mi> <mi>r</mi></msub> </mrow> </mrow> </math> manifests in chiral spin textures stabilized by the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI), which arises in inversion-asymmetric systems. Herein, the topological Hall effect (THE) in 2D ferromagnet Cr<sub>1+δ</sub>Te<sub>2</sub> as a function of the Cr intercalant (<i>δ</i>) is investigated. A nonlinear dependence of the THE amplitude induced by <math> <mrow> <mrow><msub><mi>Ω</mi> <mi>r</mi></msub> </mrow> </mrow> </math> on <i>δ</i> is identified, originating from non-monotonic bulk inversion symmetry breaking via Cr self-intercalation. Density-functional theory calculations further reveal a strong correlation between THE amplitude and bulk DMI strength (<i>E</i> <sub>DMI</sub>), demonstrating both the mechanism of THE and the tunability of <math> <mrow> <mrow><msub><mi>Ω</mi> <mi>r</mi></msub> </mrow> </mrow> </math> in Cr<sub>1+δ</sub>Te<sub>2</sub>. Remarkably, Cr<sub>1.612</sub>Te<sub>2</sub> exhibits the largest THE amplitude observed to date (2.75 μΩ⋅cm) in the Cr<sub>1+δ</sub>Te<sub>2</sub> family, which is a strong candidate for the highest THE amplitude, given its magnetic anisotropy and <i>E</i> <sub>DMI</sub>. Overall, by confirming the critical role of bulk DMI and magnetic anisotropy in engineering <math> <mrow> <mrow><msub><mi>Ω</mi> <mi>r</mi></msub> </mrow> </mrow> </math> , the most efficient strategy for designing <math> <mrow> <mrow><msub><mi>Ω</mi> <mi>r</mi></msub> </mrow> </mrow> </math> in 2D ferromagnetic materials through atomic-scale self-intercalation is proposed. These findings provide fundamental insights into the relationship between <i>E</i> <sub>DMI</sub> and THE in Cr<sub>1+δ</sub>Te<sub>2</sub> and offer a promising approach for designing high-performance chiral spintronic devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"5 6","pages":"2500028"},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12168622/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144318159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Redox-Active Microporous Covalent Organic Frameworks for Additive-Free Supercapacitors. 无添加剂超级电容器的氧化还原活性微孔共价有机框架。
IF 11.1
Small Science Pub Date : 2025-03-21 eCollection Date: 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202400585
Roman Guntermann, Julian M Rotter, Apeksha Singh, Dana D Medina, Thomas Bein
{"title":"Redox-Active Microporous Covalent Organic Frameworks for Additive-Free Supercapacitors.","authors":"Roman Guntermann, Julian M Rotter, Apeksha Singh, Dana D Medina, Thomas Bein","doi":"10.1002/smsc.202400585","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smsc.202400585","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>2D covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have garnered significant attention by virtue of their porous nature, structural tunability, and ability to incorporate highly reversible redox-active groups. These characteristics qualify them for a range of energy storage devices, including supercapacitors, which can assume a pivotal role towards attaining a more sustainable future amid escalating energy needs. Herein, two 2D COFs are reported containing wurster (W) and pyrene (PY) units, WW COF and WPy-I COF, which demonstrate reversible redox behavior and characteristic pseudocapacitance. Both COFs exhibit high crystallinity demonstrated with X-ray diffraction analysis, exhibiting a thermal dependence of the intralayer bonding and interlayer stacking arrangement from WPy-I toward WPy-II COFs. Additionally, the WW and WPy-I COFs were grown on glass and stainless-steel meshes (SSMs) featuring different surface coatings. These coated SSMs proved suitable as current collectors for testing the COFs regarding their specific capacitance, without the need to add any conducting additives, revealing a promising capacitance of 48.9 F g<sup>-1</sup> for the WW COF. Moreover, these electrodes can be applied in symmetrical supercapacitor devices with an ionic liquid serving as electrolyte. The remarkable performance of the redox-active Wurster unit identifies it as a promising building motif for COFs with high specific capacitance, even in devices devoid of carbon additives.</p>","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"5 6","pages":"2400585"},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12168591/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144318096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Polymeric Giant Unilamellar Vesicles Support Longevity of Native Nuclei in Protocells. 聚合巨大单层囊泡支持原生细胞核的寿命。
IF 11.1
Small Science Pub Date : 2025-03-18 eCollection Date: 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202400622
Lukas Heuberger, Arianna Balestri, Shabnam Tarvirdipour, Larisa E Kapinos, Roderick Y H Lim, Emanuel Lörtscher, Cora-Ann Schoenenberger, Cornelia G Palivan
{"title":"Polymeric Giant Unilamellar Vesicles Support Longevity of Native Nuclei in Protocells.","authors":"Lukas Heuberger, Arianna Balestri, Shabnam Tarvirdipour, Larisa E Kapinos, Roderick Y H Lim, Emanuel Lörtscher, Cora-Ann Schoenenberger, Cornelia G Palivan","doi":"10.1002/smsc.202400622","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smsc.202400622","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Protocells offer a versatile material for dissecting cellular processes and developing simplified biomimetic systems by combining biological components with synthetic ones. However, a gap exists between the integrity and complex functionality of native organelles such as nuclei, and bottom-up strategies reducing cellular functions within a synthetic environment. Here, this gap is bridged by incorporating native nuclei into polymeric giant unilamellar vesicles (pGUVs) using double-emulsion microfluidics. It is shown that the nuclei retain their morphology and nuclear envelope integrity, facilitating the import of co-encapsulated peptide-based multicompartment micelles (MCMs) via nuclear localization signals (NLS). Importantly, it is demonstrated that the nuclear import machinery remains functional inside the protocells, and by enriching the GUV interior with nuclear import-promoting factors, the delivery efficiency of NLS-MCMs significantly increases. The findings reveal that nucleated protocells preserve nuclear function and integrity for extended periods, providing a new platform for studying nuclear processes in a simplified, yet biologically relevant, environment. This approach opens avenues for creating advanced biohybrid materials, offering opportunities to investigate organelle behavior and their interactions with cellular components in greater detail. The findings establish a foundation for high-throughput applications in synthetic biology and contribute valuable insights into sustaining complex cellular functions in engineered systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"5 6","pages":"2400622"},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12168613/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144318085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exploring 2D Graphene-Based Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications: A Theoretical Modeling Perspective. 探索二维石墨烯纳米材料在生物医学上的应用:一个理论建模的角度。
IF 11.1
Small Science Pub Date : 2025-03-16 eCollection Date: 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202400505
Alexa Kamboukos, Nevena Todorova, Irene Yarovsky
{"title":"Exploring 2D Graphene-Based Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications: A Theoretical Modeling Perspective.","authors":"Alexa Kamboukos, Nevena Todorova, Irene Yarovsky","doi":"10.1002/smsc.202400505","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smsc.202400505","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two-dimensional (2D) graphene-based nanomaterials (GNMs) have shown potential in biomedical applications, including diagnostics, therapeutics, and drug delivery, due to their unique combination of properties such as mechanical strength, excellent electrical and thermal conductivity as well as high adsorption capacity which, combined with the ease of their surface functionalization, enable biocompatibility and bioactivity. Theoretical molecular modeling can advance our understanding of the biomedical potential of 2D graphene-based nanomaterials by providing insights into the structure, dynamics, and interactions of these nanomaterials with biological systems, at the level of detail that experiments alone cannot currently access. This perspective highlights recent computational modeling advances and challenges in examining the interactions of 2D graphene-based nanomaterials with physiologically relevant biomolecular systems, including aqueous solutions, peptides, proteins, nucleic acids, lipid membranes, and pharmaceutical drug molecules. Examples of the theoretical contributions to design of graphene-based biomaterials and devices are also provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"5 6","pages":"2400505"},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12168629/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144318165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Se-Assisted Modulation of Electronic Structure of Ruthenium Phosphide Nanotubes for Efficient Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. 硒辅助调制磷化钌纳米管的电子结构用于高效碱性析氢反应。
IF 11.1
Small Science Pub Date : 2025-03-13 eCollection Date: 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202400610
Yongju Hong, Eunsoo Lee, Jae Hun Seol, Tae Kyung Lee, Songa Choi, Seong Chan Cho, Taekyung Kim, Hionsuck Baik, Sangyeon Jeong, Sung Jong Yoo, Sang Uck Lee, Kwangyeol Lee
{"title":"Se-Assisted Modulation of Electronic Structure of Ruthenium Phosphide Nanotubes for Efficient Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.","authors":"Yongju Hong, Eunsoo Lee, Jae Hun Seol, Tae Kyung Lee, Songa Choi, Seong Chan Cho, Taekyung Kim, Hionsuck Baik, Sangyeon Jeong, Sung Jong Yoo, Sang Uck Lee, Kwangyeol Lee","doi":"10.1002/smsc.202400610","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smsc.202400610","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anion-exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) holds immense promise for hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) production yet faces challenges due to the sluggish kinetics of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Highly efficient and durable catalysts for HER are crucial for the successful implementation of AEMWE to produce hydrogen gas reliably. Ruthenium phosphides (Ru <sub><i>x</i></sub> P) have emerged as promising non-Pt catalysts for alkaline HER; however, they suffer from rapid degradation due to weak Ru-P bonding, which cannot protect the Ru center from further oxidation and subsequent dissolution. Herein, first-principles calculations indicate the enhanced stability of Ru-Se against oxidation compared to Ru-P, highlighting the importance of introducing Se into the Ru<sub>2</sub>P phase. Electrochemical studies using the selenium (Se)-doped Ru<sub>2</sub>P double-walled nanotubes (Ru<sub>2</sub>(P<sub>0.9</sub>Se<sub>0.1</sub>) DWNTs) demonstrate significantly lower overpotentials (29 mV @ 10 mA cm<sup>-2</sup>) and robust stability (>50 h) in 1.0 m KOH, surpassing those of Pt/C. In AEMWE, Ru<sub>2</sub>(P<sub>0.9</sub>Se<sub>0.1</sub>) DWNTs exhibit an outstanding performance (10.31 A cm<sup>-2</sup> @ 80 °C, stable @ 1.0 A cm<sup>-2</sup> for ≈200 h), surpassing state-of-the-art catalysts. The findings of this study highlight the pivotal role of anion modification in enhancing the catalytic stability and performance for efficient hydrogen production in AEMWE systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"5 6","pages":"2400610"},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12168615/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144318099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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