International Journal of Canadian Studies最新文献

{"title":"The Inuit’s Offer to Canada’s Black Governor General: Food, Power, and the Deconstruction of Lévi-Strauss’ “Culinary Triangle”","authors":"M. Robidoux, Aida Stratas","doi":"10.3138/ijcs.60.x.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/ijcs.60.x.21","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article revisits when former Canadian Governor General, Michaëlle Jean, consumed raw seal heart at an Inuit community feast. This event provides important insight about cultural meanings around food and the power relationships imbued in culinary traditions. It also provides an opportunity to investigate how food has been theorized in academic research, and how this scholarship is potentially complicit in the derisive responses directed at Jean, most notably in the structural anthropological work of Claude Lévi-Strauss, The Raw and the Cooked. By deconstructing Lévi-Strauss’ logic of binary oppositions (raw/cooked, nature/culture, civilized/uncivilized) in the “Culinary Triangle” model and applying his binary assumptions to Jean’s behaviour and the ensuing media and public responses, it becomes apparent how Lévi-Strauss’ theoretical model reflects dichotomous thinking in contemporary Western societies that engenders marginalization and misrepresentation of Indigenous peoples and their cultural practices. These power structures are produced from a single epistemic centre—the Western centre which undermines the cultural values and social position of those outside of the Western imaginary. The purpose of this article is to revisit how Canadian and European news sources discursively constructed the event and investigate how Lévi-Strauss’ binary food analysis inadvertently contributes to the perpetuation of power imbalances between Indigenous and Western perspectives.Résumé:Cet article revisite un incident lié à l’alimentation qui s’est produit lorsque Michaëlle Jean, ancienne Gouverneure générale Canadienne, a goûté au cœur cru d’un phoque lors d’une célébration inuite. Cet événement fournit un aperçu important sur la signification culturelle de l’alimentation et les relations de pouvoir imprégnées dans les traditions culinaires. L’événement nous offre aussi l’occasion d’interroger comment l’alimentation a été théorisée dans la recherche académique et comment celle-ci peut potentiellement contribuer à des critiques contre Jean, notamment dans l’œuvre anthropologique structurale de Claude Lévi-Strauss, Le cru et le cuit. En déconstruisant la logique des oppositions binaires de Lévi-Strauss (cru/cuisiné, nature /culture, civilisé /non-civilisé) dans le modèle du « Triangle culinaire », et en appliquant ses propositions binaires à l’événement lié à Jean et aux réactions préjudiciables des médias et aux réponses publiques qui ont suivi, il devient évident que le modèle théorique de Lévi-Strauss reflète la pensée dichotomique dans les sociétés occidentales contemporaines qui engendrent la marginalisation et la représentation erronée des peuples autochtones et de leurs pratiques culturelles. Ces structures de pouvoir sont dérivées d’un seul centre épistémique-le centre occidental qui porte atteinte aux valeurs culturelles et à la position sociale de ceux qui se trouvent en dehors de l’imaginaire occidental. Le but de cet article est de revenir","PeriodicalId":29739,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Canadian Studies","volume":"60 1","pages":"21 - 39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48119591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Fragments: The Canadian State and the Origins of Alberta Political Culture","authors":"Jared J. Wesley, Sylvia Wong","doi":"10.3138/ijcs.60.x.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/ijcs.60.x.60","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article traces the origins of Alberta political culture to an unlikely source: the federal government’s immigration marketing posters from the early-twentieth century. Through a qualitative document analysis of the “Last Best West” campaign, the findings reveal how the Government of Canada helped cultivate values of settler colonialism, populism, individualism, frontier masculinity, and moral traditionalism among the settler population. The article closes with a discussion of how these values continue to influence Alberta politics today.Résumé:L’article brosse le portrait des origines de la culture politique de l’Alberta à partir d’une source improbable : les affiches de marketing d’immigration du gouvernement fédéral du début du XXe siècle. Par l’intermédiaire d’une analyse documentaire qualitative de la campagne « Last Best West », les résultats révèlent la façon dont le gouvernement du Canada a contribué aux valeurs du colonialisme des pionniers, du populisme, de la masculinité dans une région pionnière et d’un traditionalisme moral au sein de la population pionnière. L’article se termine avec une discussion de la façon dont ces valeurs continuent à influencer la sphère politique en Alberta aujourd’hui.","PeriodicalId":29739,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Canadian Studies","volume":"60 1","pages":"60 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41509577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Little Give and Take: What Garneau's Paintings Give When They Take, and Other Stories From Future Past","authors":"D. Sleiman","doi":"10.3138/ijcs.59.x.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/ijcs.59.x.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article examines the possibilities related to conciliation that are closed, and those that might be opened, through Métis contemporary visual artist David Garneau's paintings, Aboriginal Curatorial Collective Meeting and Aboriginal Advisory Circle Meeting. I argue that Garneau's explicit and manifest exclusion of settlers and the colonial gaze on his paintings is also, at the same time and in actuality, a form of invitation into something else. To do this, I first briefly explore how thinkers have problematized settlers' recognition of Indigenous knowledge, ways of knowing, and art. I then pose the question of what ought to be the nor mative limits around settlers' access to Indigenous knowledge and spaces, using Garneau's own written work about his paintings. I then bring several scholars into conversation around why certain spaces should remain exclusive, some or all of the time, to Indigenous peoples. Finally, I conclude by explaining how the existence of these spaces—and the communication of their existence—is a neces sary and otherwise impossible step in the conciliation process. Indeed, I propose in this paper that to experience and confront our own limits to comprehension, as settlers, is a gift; that by creating and sharing his paintings with settlers, Garneau simultaneously reveals settlers' exclusion from Indigenous spaces to ourselves and invites us into new imaginary spaces of conciliation—ones that are actually possible, because not predicated on an ongoing colonial system of power distribu tion, but instead on uncertainty, a condition of continued and active relatedness.Résumé:Cet article examine les possibilités reliées à la conciliation, tant celles qui sont fermées que celles qui pourraient être ouvertes, par l'entremise de deux tableaux de David Garneau, artiste métis contemporain : Aboriginal Curatorial Collective Meeting et Aboriginal Advisory Circle Meeting. Je soutiens que son exclusion explicite et évidente des settlers et du regard colonial dans ses tableaux est aussi, en même temps et en réalité, une forme d'invitation à autre chose. Pour ce faire, j'explore d'abord rapidement comment les penseurs ont problématisé la reconnaissance que les settlers ont des connaissances, des façons de savoir et de l'art autochtones. Puis, je pose la question de ce que devraient être les limites normatives de l'accès des settlers aux connaissances et aux espaces autochtones à l'aide des œuvres écrites de Garneau sur ces tableaux. Je crée ensuite un dialogue entre les voix de plusieurs chercheurs autour de la question sur la raison pour laquelle certains espaces devraient demeurer exclusifs, parfois ou toujours, aux peuples autochtones. Finalement, je conclus en expliquant comment l'existence de ces espaces—et la communication de leur existence—est une étape néces saire et autrement impossible du processus de conciliation. En effet, je propose dans cet article que vivre et confronter nos propres limites à la compréhension, en ","PeriodicalId":29739,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Canadian Studies","volume":"59 1","pages":"1 - 14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46950141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Couture, Claude, Srilata Ravi et François Pageau, dir. 2019. Autour de l’œuvre d’Yvan Lamonde : colonialisme et modernité au Canada depuis 1867","authors":"Y. Frenette","doi":"10.3138/ijcs.59.x.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/ijcs.59.x.103","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29739,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Canadian Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44427077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Canadian Public Opinion on Official Bilingualism: Ambivalent Consensus and its Limits","authors":"Michael E. Macmillan","doi":"10.3138/ijcs.59.x.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/ijcs.59.x.29","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:With the 50th anniversary of the passage of the Official Languages Act cele brated in 2019, the question of its degree of acceptance by the Canadian public is in order for review. When the national policy on official bilingualism was first advocated by the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism, it frankly acknowledged that it was highly controversial and opposed by substantial portions of the Anglophone public. Nevertheless, they insisted that the policy was neces sary for the survival of the country and maintained that the firm resolve of united political elites at federal and provincial levels eventually would generate political success for the policy. While elite unity was elusive and only partially realized, the essential elements of official bilingualism were adopted, expanded and have survived to celebrate its 50th anniversary. The evolving pattern of public opinion over the past three decades demonstrates that official bilingualism is accepted as an essential component of Canadian political life, but that acceptance is hedged by some important qualifications, and indications that any further expansion would not enjoy public support. Nevertheless, it is firmly established as a core operating principle of Canadian public policy.Résumé:Alors que nous venons de fêter le 50e anniversaire de l'adoption de la Loi sur les langues officielles, la question de son degré d'acceptation par le public canadien doit être revue. Lorsque la politique nationale sur le bilinguisme officiel a d'abord été plaidée par la Commission royale d'enquête sur le bilinguisme et le bicultural isme, cette Commission a reconnu qu'elle était très controversée par une grande partie du public anglophone. Quoi qu'il en soit, ils ont insisté que la politique était nécessaire pour la survie du pays et ont déclaré que la volonté ferme d'une élite politique unie, tant au niveau fédéral que provincial, apporterait, avec le temps, une réussite politique. Alors que l'unité politique était élusive et partielle, les éléments essentiels du bilinguisme officiel ont été adoptés, élargis et ont survécu pour célébrer son 50e anniversaire. L'opinion publique a évolué au cours des trois dernières décennies, ce qui démontre que le bilinguisme officiel est accepté comme étant une composante essentielle de la vie politique canadienne, mais cette accep tation contient des qualificatifs importants et tout indique que des ajouts futurs n'auraient pas le soutien du public. Quoi qu'il en soit, elle est fermement établie comme étant un principe de conduite clé de la politique publique canadienne.","PeriodicalId":29739,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Canadian Studies","volume":"59 1","pages":"29 - 49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42634659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Official Languages Act at 50: On the Eve of Reform, What Legacy and Future for Official Languages in Canada?","authors":"Stéphanie Chouinard","doi":"10.3138/ijcs.59.x.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/ijcs.59.x.15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29739,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Canadian Studies","volume":"59 1","pages":"15 - 21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43627476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brooks, Stephen, ed. 2019. Promoting Canadian Studies Abroad: Soft Power and Cultural Diplomacy","authors":"Claude Couture","doi":"10.3138/ijcs.59.x.99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/ijcs.59.x.99","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29739,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Canadian Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45167273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reflecting on the Official Languages Act at 50: Was the Advent of the Charter so Great After All?","authors":"A. McDougall","doi":"10.3138/ijcs.59.x.78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/ijcs.59.x.78","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This piece examines more closely the relationship between the OLA and the Char ter, arguing that the relationship between the two rights instruments is much more fraught than commonly believed. The advent of the Charter and its entrenchment of language rights have always been seen as unquestionably positive for the OLA. However, it may be time to re-evaluate that belief. Using the concept of \"consti tutional displacement,\" the article suggests that the Charter also had the effect of overshadowing the OLA, which limits its potential for reform. A similar fate befell other statutes, such as the Canadian Bill of Rights. By way of contrast, the OLA is compared to the Inuit Language Protection Act (ILPA) in Nunavut to suggest that the latter enjoys a higher profile in the territory and has more potential for expansion precisely because of the lack of clearly defined, entrenched Indigenous language rights in the constitution.Résumé:Cet article examine la relation entre la LLO et la Charte, soutenant qu'elle est plus tendue que l'on pourrait le croire. L'arrivée de la Charte et son ancrage des droits linguistiques ont toujours été perçus comme étant indubitablement positifs pour la LLO. Par contre, il est peut-être temps de réévaluer cette croyance. À l'aide du concept de « déplacement constitutionnel », cet article suggère que la Charte a aussi eu l'effet de jeter de l'ombre sur la LLO, ce qui limite son potentiel de réforme. Un sort similaire a attendu d'autres lois, notamment la Déclaration canadienne des droits. À titre de contraste, la LLO est comparée à la Loi sur la protection de la langue inuit (LPLI) du Nunavut pour suggérer que cette dernière jouit d'une plus grande visibilité dans le territoire et possède un plus grand poten tiel d'expansion précisément à cause du manque de droits en matière de langues autochtones clairement définis et ancrés dans la constitution.","PeriodicalId":29739,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Canadian Studies","volume":"59 1","pages":"78 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47490060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La couverture médiatique du bilinguisme des juges de la Cour suprême du Canada","authors":"Jean-Christophe Bédard-Rubin","doi":"10.3138/ijcs.59.x.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/ijcs.59.x.50","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article analyzes French and English newspaper coverage of mandatory bilingualism for Supreme Court judges in Canada between 2006 and 2018. During this period, 10 bills tried but failed to enshrine in law the requirement of \"functional bilingualism\" for judges of the highest court in the land. Yet, the debate has unfolded in different terms in the French and English mediatic pub lic sphere. French newspapers have adopted a much more favourable editorial stance compared to English newspapers. New-Brunswick's Acadie Nouvelle and Ontario's Le Droit stand out in particular for the breadth of their coverage and their editorial stance. Also, media attention to the issue of judicial bilingualism has followed parliamentary developments rather than the other way around and became only an important topic in 2010. Finally, French and English newspapers have put the emphasis on different arguments and thus largely failed to engage in a real dialogue. In the end, by presenting the bilingualism debate as an issue of partisan politics rather than an influential dimension in judges' decision-making process, the Supreme Court itself has remained above the fray thus preserving a legalist framing of judicial behavior.Résumé:Cet article analyse la couverture médiatique du bilinguisme obligatoire des juges de la Cour suprême du Canada dans les quotidiens d'information généralistes francophones et anglophones au Canada entre 2006 et 2018. Durant cette péri ode, dix projets de loi ont essayé sans succès d'enchâsser dans la loi l'exigence de « bilinguisme fonctionnel » pour les juges de la Cour suprême. On constate toutefois que le débat s'est déroulé dans des termes différents dans l'espace public médiatique francophone et anglophone. Les journaux francophones ont adopté une position éditoriale beaucoup plus favorable que les journaux anglophones. L'Acadie Nouvelle au Nouveau-Brunswick et Le Droit en Ontario se sont égale ment démarqués particulièrement par l'intensité et le positionnement éditorial de leur couverture. L'attention médiatique aux questions de bilinguisme judiciaire a aussi été à la remorque des débats parlementaires plutôt que l'inverse et ne s'est pleinement articulée qu'à partir de 2010. Finalement, les journaux anglophones et francophones ont mis de l'avant des arguments différents et ont donc participé à un dialogue de sourds dans une large mesure. En présentant le débat sur le bilinguisme des juges comme un enjeu de politique partisane plutôt que comme un facteur influençant le comportement des juges, la Cour suprême elle-même est demeurée à l'extérieur du débat préservant ainsi le cadrage légaliste du compor tement judiciaire.","PeriodicalId":29739,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Canadian Studies","volume":"59 1","pages":"50 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41717576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cinquantième anniversaire de la Loi sur les langues officielles: À l'aube d'une réforme, quel legs et quel avenir pour les langues officielles au Canada?","authors":"Stéphanie Chouinard","doi":"10.3138/ijcs.59.x.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/ijcs.59.x.22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29739,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Canadian Studies","volume":"59 1","pages":"22 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43007611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}