Transportation Planning & Policy eJournal最新文献

{"title":"Boeing v. Bombardier: Material Injury Analysis at the International Trade Commission","authors":"Justin Shields","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3233803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3233803","url":null,"abstract":"On February 13, 2018, the U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC) determined unanimously that Boeing, the U.S. manufacturer of commercial aircraft, was not materially injured or threatened with material injury by reason of commercial aircraft imported from Canada by Bombardier. By finding that material injury did not exist, Bombardier was able to complete the sale of its C Series jets to Delta Airlines without the imposition of antidumping or countervailing duties. Boeing claimed that the Canadian government’s illegal subsidization of the C Series program allowed Bombardier to sell its products in the U.S. market at an artificially low price. During its material injury analysis, the ITC found however, that Bombardier’s C Series imports would not displace sales of Boeing’s competing product, that the “launch-pricing�? Bombardier offered to Delta would not set the market price for future sales of such product, and that importation of the C Series would not adversely impact future sales and development of Boeing’s competitor product, the 737 Max 7. The decision had a significant impact not only on both parties, but on the commercial aircraft industry as a whole, and international trade policy. While the dispute caused Bombardier to partner with Airbus to ensure the viability of the C Series, Boeing responded by purchasing the Brazilian jet manufacturer Embraer, one of Bombardier’s competitors. The decision also helped to smooth U.S.-Canada trade relations, supported the theory that multinational supply chains reduce incentives for tariffs, and reinforced the independence of the ITC. Moreover, the decision affirmed the U.S. commitment to a rules-based global trade system in spite of recent political support for increased protectionism.","PeriodicalId":278996,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Planning & Policy eJournal","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132028260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"(L’Unione (non) fa la forza? Alcune evidenze preliminari sull’associazionismo comunale in Italia) Is there strength in unity? Some preliminary evidence on inter-municipal cooperation in Italy","authors":"Stefano Manestra, G. Messina, Anna Peta","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3415656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3415656","url":null,"abstract":"Italian Abstract: Questo documento si concentra sui sindacati municipali, la forma più strutturata di cooperazione inter-municipale in Italia. Usando le informazioni da più fonti, abbiamo creato un database amministrativo che copre più di 500 sindacati municipali nel periodo 1998-2015. Attraverso il controllo incrociato delle informazioni sui comuni che partecipano a ciascun sindacato con le cifre dei loro rendiconti finanziari, siamo stati in grado di seguire l'andamento delle loro spese sia prima che dopo l'adesione al sindacato, riconoscendo che è necessario del tempo perché si manifestino gli effetti della cooperazione. Abbiamo replicato questa analisi per singole funzioni municipali al fine di rilevare la potenziale eterogeneità nelle economie di scala risultanti. I risultati mostrano che l'appartenenza a un sindacato ha portato a una riduzione delle spese solo per alcune funzioni municipali (come l'amministrazione generale, la polizia locale, le strade e il traffico) e per un certo periodo di tempo. Il contributo principale del nostro lavoro è che abbiamo studiato gli effetti della cooperazione intercomunale da una prospettiva temporale largamente inesplorata negli studi precedenti sul caso italiano. English Abstract: This paper focuses on municipal unions, the most structured form of inter-municipal cooperation in Italy. Using information from multiple sources, we have built up an administrative database covering more than 500 municipal unions over the period 1998-2015. By cross-checking the information on the municipalities participating in each union with the figures from their financial statements, we have been able to follow the trend in their expenditure both before and after joining the union, acknowledging that time is needed for the effects of the cooperation to manifest themselves. We have replicated this analysis for single municipal functions in order to detect potential heterogeneity in the resulting economies of scale. The results show that belonging to a union has led to a reduction in expenditure only for some municipal functions (such as general administration, local police, roads and traffic) and over a certain time period. The main contribution of our work is that we have studied the effects of inter-municipal cooperation from a temporal perspective largely unexplored in previous studies of the Italian case.","PeriodicalId":278996,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Planning & Policy eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128957728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public Private Partnership Management Effects on Road Safety Outcomes","authors":"Daniel Albalate, Paula Bel-Piñana","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3075710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3075710","url":null,"abstract":"Public Private Partnerships (PPP) have become common in providing high-quality infrastructure in many countries worldwide. One of the main reasons for PPP agreements is to improve efficiency and quality in the delivery of public services, as well as to boost investments for expensive projects. Despite PPPs having been particularly widespread in the case of the construction and rehabilitation of high-capacity road infrastructure, their impact in terms of road safety outcomes is still unexplored. This paper studies the effects of PPPs on road safety outcomes by taking advantage of the variety of management models provided in the Spanish highway network. Results based on a panel-data fixed-effects method show that the most relevant aspect influencing road safety outcomes is the quality of design of the road. However, we find strong evidence suggesting that privately operated highways perform better in terms of road safety outcomes than publicly operated highways, for roads with a similar quality of design.","PeriodicalId":278996,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Planning & Policy eJournal","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128852507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Competition, Economic Regulation and Affordability in Infrastructure Industries: An Economic History 1840-1980","authors":"J. Stern","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3079790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3079790","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the role of affordability in the development of economic regulation from the emergence of railway regulation in the 1840-60 period. It also covers the regulatory responses to the development of network telecoms, electricity and the water and sewerage industries, primarily in the UK and US. These network infrastructure industries were initially established as competitive industries but by 1920 had almost everywhere become vertically and horizontally integrated monopolies. This period saw the emergence of legally established independent regulatory agencies at municipal, legal and national levels. Affordability was a major issue in these developments and continued to be so until into the 1950s and after. The paper ends in 1980 after which competition and efficiency dominated infrastructure regulation. Since 2005, there has been a sharp revival of interest in affordability in regulated industries and the paper concludes with some observations on the historical record and comparisons with recent years.","PeriodicalId":278996,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Planning & Policy eJournal","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132434808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards Data-Driven Logistics Value Chains in Namibia","authors":"K. Odero, N. Ochara, J. Quenum","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2960510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2960510","url":null,"abstract":"Logistics and supply chain management (SCM) is recognized as a key priority area in many developing economies and its sustainability as one of the principle pillars for socio-economic development is an area of concern that persists. We envisage that, increasingly the building, monitoring and evaluation of logistics value chains shall rely on Big Data & Analytics (BD & A) tools, methods and approaches from an interdisciplinary perspective. We see the building of Big Data infrastructure as a foundation for enabling knowledge discovery useful for various stakeholders along alogistics value chain. The process of knowledge-discovery in data(sets) in and of itself is not meaningful unless there is some value to a stakeholder group. The process of generating value or the data monetization process is increasingly becoming a key value-add that firms should focus on. Information transferred in the form of “orders” tends to be distorted and can misguide upstream members in their inventory and production and service decisions. Distorted information along logistics value chains can lead to tremendous inefficiency such as excessive inventory investments, poor customer service, lost revenues, misguided capacity plans, ineffective transportation and missed production and service schedules. \u0000We see a direct link of Big Data & Analytics playing a key role in addressing the “bullwhip effect”, where logistics value chains transform to Big Data-Driven Logistics Value Chains. Consequently, the emergence of the virtual organization is now much more viable and a relevant lens for assessing the impact of the value chain concept of business planning, with key antecedents related to data mining and information sharing. The argument is that big data infrastructure does not provide just a platform for the mere collection, storage and analysis only, but the end goal should be creating actual business value through data monetization. We apply this concepts in the context of Namibia, a South – West African country that seeks to position herself as a logistics hub in this part of Africa. Namibia’s policy goal to become a “Logistics Nation” can be better served by applying big data analytics to understand both the present and to predict the future. Using big data analytics to link supply chains end to end creates tremendous opportunities for competitive advantage. In today’s fiercely competitive global markets, the performance of national logistics and supply chains is a good marker of national competitiveness. This explains the growing interest in logistics and supply chain performance measurement over the past several years. We argue that such measurement should be undergirded by big data and analytics.","PeriodicalId":278996,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Planning & Policy eJournal","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134062431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Embraer: Shaking Up the Aircraft Manufacturing Market","authors":"Ming-Jer Chen, Alexandre Zimath, Andrea Maat, Fabiano Colicchio Lopes","doi":"10.1108/CASE.DARDEN.2016.000104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/CASE.DARDEN.2016.000104","url":null,"abstract":"The case examines how market trends and competition in the global airline industry have driven recent developments in the commercial aircraft industry. Continued growth of low-cost carriers and industry downturn since September 11 have created a demand for smaller, more efficient regional jets and a gap between capacity and demand for planes in the 70- to 120-seat range. As a primary player in the regional jet segment, Embraer has developed a new aircraft family to serve the 70- to 120-seat market more efficiently and fill in the gap. Meanwhile, Bombardier, its major competitor in the regional jet market, announced it would develop a CSeries of aircrafts with unmatched operating efficiency to outperform Embraer's jets. Students must decide how Embraer should respond to Bombardier's CSeries challenge and whether Airbus and Boeing, the two largest aircraft makers in the world, would be likely to respond and, if so, how.","PeriodicalId":278996,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Planning & Policy eJournal","volume":"20 S11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133105607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Virtual Reality Based Driving System","authors":"Mathu Bala, A. Priyadharshini, N. Ramya, R. Ramya","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2941091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2941091","url":null,"abstract":"Driving without license is the major cause for the road accident and the equivalent monetary losses. This paper is based on virtual reality based driving system which would enhance road safety and vehicle security. This paper helps to limit the vehicle operation on the basics of two parameters - learn the driving by our own, category (car or bike) of the vehicle for which the driving license is issued. The hardware and software system required to improve our safety and security is developed. This driving system is apt for getting the license without bribe by gathering eye-gaze, Electroencephalography and peripheral physiological data.","PeriodicalId":278996,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Planning & Policy eJournal","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124990269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Justification of Approach to Classification of Innovations in Public-Private Partnership","authors":"E. Dmitrieva, M. Guseva","doi":"10.21003/EA.V163-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21003/EA.V163-14","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of the issue under consideration is driven by the use of public-private partnership (PPP) as the most efficient mechanism of contemporary social and economic system development. The aim of the article is to justify the authors’ approach to classification of innovations introduced in the course of or as a result of PPP projects’ implementation. The core of the approach is to systemise the results of theoretical and applied research conducted in the sphere of public and private sector interaction and PPP project management with an account of innovative factors. Case and system methods are applied to receive the main result of the research - classification of innovations. The data of PPP projects implementation on the territory of Samara region of the Russian Federation have been used as empirical evidence (case study). Samara region was ranked third in 2015 for PPP development after Moscow and St. Petersburg cities. The system method application allowed revealing the cause and effect relationship between PPPs and innovations, singling out classification bases and innovation types within the framework of PPPs. The ideas and conclusions provided by the authors may be useful in the academic sphere for further accumulation of knowledge in the PPP innovative content research sphere including practical application at development of managerial measures at PPP project implementation. The received results also aim at increasing the innovation process efficiency in new or existing PPPs. The results may be used in the public and private sectors, by PPP participants in the first place.","PeriodicalId":278996,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Planning & Policy eJournal","volume":"309 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122984271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On Sharing and Quasi-Sharing: The Tension between Sharing-Economy Practices, Public Policy and Regulation","authors":"S. Ranchordás","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2851202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2851202","url":null,"abstract":"This paper offers a critical and comparative overview of the main regulatory and policy challenges faced by regulators in the context of the sharing economy. The regulation of the sharing economy has been particularly challenging as regulators are being asked to balance the interests protected by longstanding regulations with the benefits of sharing economy platforms, their intrinsic laws and ‘codes,’ as well as the informal rules of an economic system originally based on collaboration rather than on profit-making.In a nutshell, this paper discusses the need to rethink local private transportation and zoning regulations, landlord-tenant law, labor law, competition law, and the liability of digital platforms as information society services in light of new developments in the sharing economy. This chapter also addresses the public policy challenges of the sharing economy, in particular the need to define limits for excessive sharing. I argue that future regulatory steps should be inspired by the distinction between sharing and quasi-sharing practices, that is, initiatives that are truly collaborative should benefit from regulatory exemptions and ‘light licensing’. On the contrary, practices that may or may not promote the sustainable sharing of goods such as occasional ‘car-pooling’ (e.g., UberPool) should be regulated according to their sharing potential or as business-to-consumer platforms.","PeriodicalId":278996,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Planning & Policy eJournal","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115349680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Two-Sided Promotion for Transportation Network Companies: A Structural Model with Conditional Bayesian Learning","authors":"Jinyang Zheng, F. Ren, Yong Tan, Xi Chen","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2842440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2842440","url":null,"abstract":"Practice- and Policy-Oriented Abstract","PeriodicalId":278996,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Planning & Policy eJournal","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132972847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}