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Comparing Tax and Tax Reallocations Payments in Financing Rail Noise Abatement Programs: Results from a CE Valuation Study in Italy 比较税收和税收再分配支付资助铁路噪声消减计划:结果从CE评估研究在意大利
Transportation Planning & Policy eJournal Pub Date : 2006-06-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.912462
P. Nunes, C. Travisi
{"title":"Comparing Tax and Tax Reallocations Payments in Financing Rail Noise Abatement Programs: Results from a CE Valuation Study in Italy","authors":"P. Nunes, C. Travisi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.912462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.912462","url":null,"abstract":"The paper examines the use of stated choice experiments (SC) to assess the economic value of alternative rail noise reduction interventions on the Brennero railway in Italy. The paper formally tests the econometric robustness of the SC estimates under three payment regimes: (a) a regional tax, where consumers must trade off welfare gains due to noise reduction for part of their income; (b) a transport tax reallocation scheme, where consumers must trade off a part of the tax payments that are currently spent on the public transport sector; and (c) an administration tax reallocation scheme, where consumers must trade off a part of the tax payments that are currently spent on the administration sector. The test results are varied. On the one hand, the SC estimates are found to be statistically different for the tax reallocation and the tax introduction regimes. This confirms previous valuation research results, and thus reiterates the hypothesis that states the inequality between marginal values of private income and public money. On the other hand, the SC estimates are not found to be statistically different for the two proposed tax reallocation regimes, suggesting that, in the case study investigated here, the marginal value of public money does not depend upon the budget source.","PeriodicalId":278996,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Planning & Policy eJournal","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131466460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 23
Asymmetric Duopoly in Space - What Policies Work? 太空中的不对称双头垄断——什么政策有效?
Transportation Planning & Policy eJournal Pub Date : 2005-11-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.922269
F. Dunkerley, A. de Palma, S. Proost
{"title":"Asymmetric Duopoly in Space - What Policies Work?","authors":"F. Dunkerley, A. de Palma, S. Proost","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.922269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.922269","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we study the problem of a city with access to two subcentres selling a differentiated product. The first subcentre has low free flow transport costs but is easily congested (near city centre, access by road). The second one has higher free flow transport costs but is less prone to congestion (ample public transport capacity, parking etc.). Both subcentres need to attract customers and employees by offering prices and wages that are sufficiently attractive to cover their fixed costs. In the absence of any government regulation, there will be an asymmetric duopoly game that can be solved for a Nash equilibrium in prices and wages offered by the two subcentres. This solution is typically characterised by excessive congestion for the nearby subcentre. We study the welfare effects of a number of stylised policies by setting up a general model and illustrating the model using competition between airports as an example. The first stylised policy is to extend the congested road to subcentre 1. This policy will not necessarily lead to less congestion as more customers will be attracted by the lower transport costs. The second policy option is to add congestion pricing (or parking pricing (etc.) for the congested subcentre. This will decrease its profit margin and attract more customers. The third policy is acceptable for politicians: providing a direct subsidy to the remote subcentre, reducing its marginal costs. This policy will again ease the congestion problem for the nearby subcentre but will do this in a very costly way.","PeriodicalId":278996,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Planning & Policy eJournal","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121149307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Voluntary Export Restraints on Automobiles: Evaluating a Strategic Tradepolicy 汽车自愿出口限制:评估一项战略性贸易政策
Transportation Planning & Policy eJournal Pub Date : 1995-08-01 DOI: 10.3386/W5235
Steven T. Berry, J. Levinsohn, A. Pakes
{"title":"Voluntary Export Restraints on Automobiles: Evaluating a Strategic Tradepolicy","authors":"Steven T. Berry, J. Levinsohn, A. Pakes","doi":"10.3386/W5235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/W5235","url":null,"abstract":"In May, 1981, a voluntary export restraint (VER) was placed on exports of automobiles from Japan to the United States. As trade policies go, this one was important. At about the same time, though to much less fanfare, international trade theorists were obtaining (then) startling results from models of international trade in imperfectly competitive markets. These models suggested that in imperfectly competitive markets, an activist trade policy might enhance national welfare. In this paper, we provide some empirical evidence on whether these new theoretical possibilities might actually apply to the policy of VERs.","PeriodicalId":278996,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Planning & Policy eJournal","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126043873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 77
Automobile Prices and Quality: Did the Gasoline Price Increase Change Consumer Tastes in the U.S.? 汽车价格与质量:汽油价格上涨是否改变了美国消费者的口味?
Transportation Planning & Policy eJournal Pub Date : 1983-10-01 DOI: 10.3386/W1211
M. Ohta, Z. Griliches
{"title":"Automobile Prices and Quality: Did the Gasoline Price Increase Change Consumer Tastes in the U.S.?","authors":"M. Ohta, Z. Griliches","doi":"10.3386/W1211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/W1211","url":null,"abstract":"A hedonic model of automobile prices that takes gasoline costs into account is developed and used to examine whether gasoline price increases (especially those related to the 1973 and 1979 oil shocks) changed consumer evaluations of the relative qualities of used cars in the U.S. during 1970–1981. We test the null hypothesis that the characteristics' coefficients remained constant over time. It is rejected if gasoline costs are excluded from the model but not if they are included. Alternative approaches are developed to show that the gasoline price increases alone can explain much of the observed changes in the coefficients.","PeriodicalId":278996,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Planning & Policy eJournal","volume":"281 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127553414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 53
The Contemporary Evolution of Intermodal and International Transport Regulation Under the Interstate Commerce Act 《州际商法》下多式联运和国际运输法规的当代演变
Transportation Planning & Policy eJournal Pub Date : 1977-02-18 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2734253
P. Dempsey
{"title":"The Contemporary Evolution of Intermodal and International Transport Regulation Under the Interstate Commerce Act","authors":"P. Dempsey","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2734253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2734253","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines international and intermodal transport regulation under the Interstate Commerce Act.","PeriodicalId":278996,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Planning & Policy eJournal","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121839838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Airline Mitigation of Propagated Delays: Theory and Empirics on the Choice of Schedule Buffers 航空公司传播延误的缓解:航班缓冲选择的理论与经验
Transportation Planning & Policy eJournal Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3468010
J. Brueckner, Achim I. Czerny, Alberto A. Gaggero
{"title":"Airline Mitigation of Propagated Delays: Theory and Empirics on the Choice of Schedule Buffers","authors":"J. Brueckner, Achim I. Czerny, Alberto A. Gaggero","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3468010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3468010","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an extensive theoretical and empirical analysis of the choice of schedule buffers by airlines. With airline delays a continuing problem around the world, such an under-taking is valuable, and its lessons extend to other passenger transportation sectors. One useful lesson from the theoretical analysis of a two-flight model is that the mitigation of delay propagation is done entirely by the ground buffer and the second flight's buffer. The first flight's buffer plays no role because the ground buffer is a perfect, while nondistorting, substitute. In addition, the apportionment of mitigation responsibility between the ground buffer and the flight buffer of flight 2 is shown to depend on the relationship between the costs of ground-and flight-buffer time. The empirical results show the connection between buffer magnitudes and a host of explanatory variables, including the variability of flight times, which simulations of the model identify as an important determining factor.","PeriodicalId":278996,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Planning & Policy eJournal","volume":"35 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116536426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Prices, Schedules, and Passenger Welfare in Multi-Service Transportation Systems 多服务运输系统中的价格、时刻表和乘客福利
Transportation Planning & Policy eJournal Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3467977
Etienne Billette de Villemeur, Annalisa Vinella
{"title":"Prices, Schedules, and Passenger Welfare in Multi-Service Transportation Systems","authors":"Etienne Billette de Villemeur, Annalisa Vinella","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3467977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3467977","url":null,"abstract":"We consider a multi-service transportation system in which passengers are heterogeneous along two dimensions, namely ideal departure time and value of time, leading to both horizontal and vertical differentiation. We investigate the behavior of passengers, and assess how service pricing and scheduling affect their travel choices and welfare. We show that this depends, first, on whether passengers are uninformed or informed about the timetable of services, supplied at different prices, upon arrival at the station. Besides, given the information passengers hold, it also depends on their (individual-specific) value of time. The market segmentation results accordingly, and is found to be finer, in general, when passengers are informed. Our analysis offers policy-makers a scientifically founded tool to make sensible decisions, based on the exact identification of those who would gain and those who would lose from policy changes. The analysis further highlights the potential benefits of information, and points to the importance of facilitating information accessibility to passengers.","PeriodicalId":278996,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Planning & Policy eJournal","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130886151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Using Appropriate Prior Information to Eliminate Choice Sets with a Dominant Alternative from D-Efficient Designs 利用适当的先验信息消除d有效设计中具有优势方案的选择集
Transportation Planning & Policy eJournal Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1846488
M. Crabbe, M. Vandebroek
{"title":"Using Appropriate Prior Information to Eliminate Choice Sets with a Dominant Alternative from D-Efficient Designs","authors":"M. Crabbe, M. Vandebroek","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1846488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1846488","url":null,"abstract":"Most attributes in transportation studies, such as the travel time and the travel cost of a travel mode or road alternative, have a clear rank order in their attribute levels. Therefore one option in a choice set of an experimental design can dominate the other alternatives in the set. This research finds Bayesian D-efficient designs for a specific setup in the transportation field. It is shown that with a proper choice of prior information which adequately incorporates the dominance of lower attribute levels, no choice sets with a dominant alternative will be included in the efficient designs.","PeriodicalId":278996,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Planning & Policy eJournal","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116180104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 26
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