Rubikon : Journal of Transnational American Studies最新文献

{"title":"STREAMING LAUGHTER: A LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS ON VERBAL HUMOR IN KEVIN HART’S STAND UP COMEDY SPECIAL ZERO F**KS GIVEN","authors":"Galant Nanta Adhitya, Devi Rosmawati, Tiara Salma Fainnayla","doi":"10.22146/rubikon.v9i1.73550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/rubikon.v9i1.73550","url":null,"abstract":"A novel coronavirus was found on December 2019. WHO named the disease caused by this virus COVID-19. The respiratory virus has been spreading rapidly, causing a global pandemic. To prevent infection, governments all over the world compel their citizens to maintain physical distance and stay at home. Having to do all activities, including working and studying, from home and not being able to gather with family and friends, who do not live in the same household, took a toll on people’s mental health. They thus relied on entertainments accessible at home to avoid boredom and stress. An entertainment medium seeing a significant increase in users is streaming services. Besides offering post-launched movies, TV series and TV show, every streaming service nowadays also produces original contents. Netflix, for example, created a stand-up comedy special starring Kevin Hart, called Zero F**ks Given. The researchers thus aim to analyze the verbal humor Hart uses to incite laughter. The data are collected by watching the show on Netflix website and note-taking its subtitle. Using descriptive qualitative method, this research employs Richard Shade’s theory on humor classification as well as Herbert Paul Grice’s theory on implicature. The findings show there are only 7 out of 12 verbal tumor types, with satire being the most frequent one. Additionally, Hart uses conversational implicature more as it is greatly suitable with satire in inciting laughter.","PeriodicalId":269997,"journal":{"name":"Rubikon : Journal of Transnational American Studies","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115912122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RESISTING THROUGH CITIZEN JOURNALISM: A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS ON THE BLACK LIVES MATTER MOVEMENT ON TWITTER","authors":"Khansa Salsabila, I. Adi","doi":"10.22146/rubikon.v9i1.73151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/rubikon.v9i1.73151","url":null,"abstract":"The Black Lives Matter movement in 2020 has emerged through the help of social media and citizen journalism in spreading the news, responding to the incident, and mobilizing the protest against police brutality and racial discrimination against African Americans. Citizen journalism has become an alternative for Twitter users who distrust American journalism from mainstream news media. This study examined tweets of citizen journalism to see the discourse of American journalism on Twitter. Using Van Dijk’s Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), this study finds positive and negative aspects of citizen journalism. The first is that citizen journalism is an online resistance tool of protesters against news institutions where they can voice their opinions and deny news institutions’ negative portrayal. The second, citizen journalism, is a tool for news institutions in responding to the protesters’ resistance. It is because protesters lack a solid and consistent perception of the issue. The rejection of news institutions and journalists is no longer immediate attention for them as soon as police officers attack news crews.The Black Lives Matter movement in 2020 has emerged through the help of social media and citizen journalism in spreading the news, responding to the incident, and mobilizing the protest against police brutality and racial discrimination against African Americans. Citizen journalism has become an alternative for Twitter users who distrust American journalism from mainstream news media. This study examined tweets of citizen journalism to see the discourse of American journalism on Twitter. Using Van Dijk’s Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), this study finds positive and negative aspectse of citizen journalism. The first is that citizen journalism is an online resistance tool of protesters against news institutions where they can voice their opinions and deny news institutions' negative portrayal. The second, citizen journalism, is a tool for news institutions in responding to the protesters' resistance. This is because protesters lack a solid and consistent perception of the issue, and the rejection of news institutions and journalists is no longer primary attention for them as soon as police officers attack news crews.The Black Lives Matter movement in 2020 has emerged through the help of social media and citizen journalism in spreading the news, responding to the incident, and mobilizing the protest against police brutality and racial discrimination against African Americans. Citizen journalism has become an alternative for Twitter users who distrust American journalism from mainstream news media. This study examined tweets of citizen journalism to see the discourse of American journalism on Twitter. Using Van Dijk’s Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), this study finds positive and negative aspectse of citizen journalism. The first is that citizen journalism is an online resistance tool of protesters against news institutions where they ca","PeriodicalId":269997,"journal":{"name":"Rubikon : Journal of Transnational American Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130535050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VIEWING POSTMODERN AMERICAN YOUTH SOCIETY THROUGH UGLIES AND THE HUNGER GAMES: A TURN FROM NOSTALGIA TO ESCAPE","authors":"Anna Sri Astuti","doi":"10.22146/rubikon.v9i1.73907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/rubikon.v9i1.73907","url":null,"abstract":"At the turn of the 21st century, Americans experienced the shift from the Modern Era to the Postmodern Era. The Modern Era that worships technology blurs the borders between countries. Technology and transportation, as the major components of the revolution in the globalization era, have labeled the planet a ‘global world’. This study found out that the Internet, for instance, has made access among countries possible. One of the effects of this movement towards globalization is the erosion of American exclusivity. Apart from its positive contributions to the world, technology has produced world chaos and destruction. The attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon in 2001 and the economic crisis in 2008 are two fatal catastrophes that hit America in the 21st century and caused major trauma to the American people. This study is conducted to analyze postmodern American youth society through the analysis of Uglies and The Hunger Games to see how American youth make a turn from a victorious nostalgia to an escape from reality and create their own imaginary worlds through dystopian literature in response to what is happening in America. Using the theories of Postmodernism, small narratives from the data of the two novels are collected to reveal what are implicitly stated in the two novels.","PeriodicalId":269997,"journal":{"name":"Rubikon : Journal of Transnational American Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128686640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STRUGGLING AGAINST STEREOTYPE: A STUDY OF MASCULINITY IN AMERICAN GAY TV SERIES","authors":"Rudy Rudy","doi":"10.22146/rubikon.v9i1.72979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/rubikon.v9i1.72979","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to analyze the concept of masculinity in the gay male community and identify the image of masculinity in gay men shown in the American gay television series. Data for this qualitative research was gathered from several American gay TV series in the 2000s. The data analysis process involved representation theory in interpreting the dialogs and the scenes in the television series. The study found that masculinity does not always have to be associated with physical strength and heterosexuality because there are other essential aspects such as the ability to achieve success and to meet the needs of life that can be used to conceptualize masculinity. It also revealed that American gay television series frequently showed the representation of masculinity in gay characters to reject the stereotype through images such as physical strength in sports, attractive physical appearance, profession, and ability to achieve success.","PeriodicalId":269997,"journal":{"name":"Rubikon : Journal of Transnational American Studies","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131796591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PREVAILING AMERICAN DEMOCRACY WITHIN AFRICAN-AMERICAN LITERATURE OF AMANDA GORMAN’S THE HILL WE CLIMB: STUART HALL’S AUDIENCE RECEPTION ANALYSIS","authors":"Alifiadita Nindyarini Wirawan, Achmad Munjid","doi":"10.22146/rubikon.v9i1.69763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/rubikon.v9i1.69763","url":null,"abstract":"The appealing part of a literary work is to enable the audience to feel emotionally connected with a literary work, leading them to produce diverse interpretations. In this respect, the occurrence of Amanda Gorman’s poem of The Hill We Climb is capable of attracting American citizens’ attention to deliver their perception of the work. The intensity of American society’s reactions can be seen in how the audience expresses their responses on YouTube. Therefore, the writer decided to analyze the phenomenon further by applying Stuart Hall’s reception theory aimed to prevail on how American society perceives the poem. Finally, the result of the analysis shows that the majority of Americans perceived the work as encouragement in refining the principles of American democracy, which were categorized as dominant readings. On the other hand, several audiences who interpreted the poem as a form of hope are included as negotiated readings that deliver different opinions but align with the poet’s perception. The last is oppositional readings that interpret the poem as a redundant work, shown by the audience’s incapability to comprehend the poem comprehensively. Briefly, the variety of the audience’s interpretations is because of diverse perceptions possessed by the audience in perceiving the message of democracy within the poem, which is influenced by their backgrounds.","PeriodicalId":269997,"journal":{"name":"Rubikon : Journal of Transnational American Studies","volume":"2015 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133130148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE DEVELOPMENT OF BIRACIAL IDENTITY IN PATRICIA PARK’S RE JANE","authors":"Ade Nine Suryani, Nur Saktiningrum","doi":"10.22146/rubikon.v9i1.70824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/rubikon.v9i1.70824","url":null,"abstract":"Race in America is an important issue because, through the decennial census, the American government distributes the federal budget to many communities to support their education and health. Throughout the American census history, the government starts to acknowledge the people with one or more races in 2000. However, in society, people with more than one race will be classified based on their physical features and acknowledged by only one race. This research aims to reveal the biracial identity development in Re Jane novel by Patricia Park (2015) using racial identity and negotiation theory. It uses a qualitative method with primary data source from the novel and secondary data source from books, thesis, journals, articles, and online sources. This research shows that factors that affect Jane’s biracial Korean-American identity development are microlenses factors consisting of inherited influences and social environment. These factors make Jane not have a sense of belonging both in the the Korean-American community and the Caucasian community. Second, to have a sense of belonging in the community, she negotiates with her family, friends, and workplace by supporting and challenging others’ desired self-image. Thus she can feel secure, trusted, and accepted.","PeriodicalId":269997,"journal":{"name":"Rubikon : Journal of Transnational American Studies","volume":"62 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120888137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ADAPTING MIDDLE EASTERN ISLAMIC CULTURE: A JOURNEY OF WESTERN MUSLIM WOMAN IN G. WILLOW WILSON’S THE BUTTERFLY MOSQUE","authors":"Ramadhina Ulfa Nuristama, Nestiani Hutami, Inka Zahwa Sabrina, Anas Armasta","doi":"10.22146/rubikon.v9i1.74047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/rubikon.v9i1.74047","url":null,"abstract":"The 9/11 tragedy in America has created more intense tension between America and Middle Eastern cultures. Then, the term Islamophobia emerged, where many non-Muslims feared Islam. Even until now, they associate Islam with terrorism. However, this situation led Willow, the main character, to decide to study and convert to Islam. Although not the main point that caused Willow to convert to Islam, the decision was made after the 9/11 tragedy. Willow represents a western woman who intentionally learns Islamic teachings. This study will use a qualitative descriptive method to explore events and cultures surrounding the main character. Therefore, there are two purposes of this study. The first is to delve into how the culture of Middle Eastern Muslim women is portrayed. Secondly, is to examine how the main character adapts to the culture of Middle Eastern Muslim women. In analyzing the data, this study applies postcolonial feminism theory to understand the cultural differences between Middle Eastern and Western Muslims, particularly regarding women. This study shows that the main character faces cultural challenges different from her origin country in carrying out religious practices, especially Islam. Nonetheless, the main character can adapt to the values of both cultures.","PeriodicalId":269997,"journal":{"name":"Rubikon : Journal of Transnational American Studies","volume":"1018 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133725743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BLACK’S ACTIVISM AND MOVEMENT IN AMERICAN SOCIETY FRAMED IN ANGIE THOMAS’ THE HATE U GIVE: AN INTERSECTIONAL STUDY","authors":"Rizqia Nuur Maziyya, W. Udasmoro","doi":"10.22146/rubikon.v9i1.73146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/rubikon.v9i1.73146","url":null,"abstract":"The racial discrimination and oppression toward Black community in the U.S. have become the main concern in American society. Several factors make Black community live with fear and struggle to be accepted in American society. Racial discrimination is a complex phenomenon, which is the accumulation of variables within Black community’s lives. Race, class, and gender are factors that intersect with one another, resulting in continuous racial discrimination toward Black people in the U.S. Black literature explores how Black people encounter oppression and discrimination; and how they fight against them. One of Black young adult literature is entitled The Hate U Give (2017) by Angie Thomas. This novel explores the life of a high school student named Starr who lives within two atmospheres, a black neighborhood and a predominately white school. Through the protagonist’s point of view, this novel explores how the intersection of race, class, and gender are connected and creates continuous racial discrimination in the U.S. Intersectional theory by Patricia Hill Collins is used to investigate how the variables are connected and results in the systemic racism toward Black community. The finding shows how Black people are dealing with racial events in their daily lives, struggle to fight inequality, and attempt to voice their experience through Black activism.","PeriodicalId":269997,"journal":{"name":"Rubikon : Journal of Transnational American Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129366864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RELIGIOUS EVENT (DOOM) AND PURITAN TEACHING IN MICHAEL WIGGLESWORTH’S POEM THE DAY OF DOOM","authors":"Riris Yusrina","doi":"10.22146/rubikon.v9i1.73535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/rubikon.v9i1.73535","url":null,"abstract":"American literature was strongly influenced by English literature because it was brought by the English colonies who came to America. The Colonial Period in American literature occurred from 1607 until 1775. Many writers had an important role in this period, such as John Winthrop, Anne Bradstreet, William Bradford, and William Wigglesworth. The colonial period started in the colonial era, one hundred years before the Revolution War. The Characteristics of the colonial Period such as historic, simple, religious, and influenced by the English tradition. One of the religious poems written in that era was Michael Wigglesworth’s “The Day of Doom”. It became one of the most famous poems from the Colonial Period. The puritan concept strongly existed in it, especially the Calvinism theology. Calvinist Theology has five concepts. They are Total and innate Depravity, Unconditional Election, Prevenient and irresistible grace, Perseverance of Saints, and Limited Atonement. The poem also represents the Day of Judgement which provides the conversation between God and the man.","PeriodicalId":269997,"journal":{"name":"Rubikon : Journal of Transnational American Studies","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126240151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RACISM TOWARDS AFRICAN AMERICAN COMMUNITY AS REFLECTED IN MAYA ANGELOU’S I KNOW WHY THE CAGED BIRD SINGS: BLACK AESTHETIC CRITICISM","authors":"Gisa Maya Saputri","doi":"10.22146/rubikon.v8i2.69687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/rubikon.v8i2.69687","url":null,"abstract":"The study of the African American community always circulates among the issues of race, racism, discrimination, slavery, and oppression. All these issues become the grand themes of African American literature. These literary works could be studied and covered under the scope of Black Aesthetic criticism. One of the prominent works of African American literature is an autobiography of Maya Angelou entitled I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings (1969). This autobiography portrays Angelou’s childhood experiences which brings up the issues of race, racism, and oppression. This paper aims to analyze the kinds of racism experienced by the African American community and their struggle against it as depicted in the book. To provide a thorough discussion of the matter, critical race theory was employed as the method of analysis. The result is drawn based on the basic tenets of critical race theory proposed by Richard Delgado and Jean Stefancic (2001); everyday racism, interest convergence, the social construction of race, differential realization, intersectionality, and voice of Color. The findings show the struggle of African American community against racism which are expressed through the act of ignorance, promoting intelligence, communal efforts, resistance, promoting social movement, and stepping forward to voice their experience through African American literature.","PeriodicalId":269997,"journal":{"name":"Rubikon : Journal of Transnational American Studies","volume":"205 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123858010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}