Carbohydrate PolymersPub Date : 2026-05-15Epub Date: 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.125066
Wangfang Deng , Yidong Zhang , Martti Toivakka , Chunlin Xu
{"title":"Microencapsulation of phase change materials via nanopolysaccharide complex-stabilized Pickering emulsions","authors":"Wangfang Deng , Yidong Zhang , Martti Toivakka , Chunlin Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.125066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.125066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microencapsulation of phase change materials (PCMs) within polymer shells is an effective approach to prevent leakage, improve thermal conductivity, and broaden their applications in thermal energy storage. Herein, the fully bio-based complex of lignin-containing cellulose nanofibrils (LCNF) and chitin nanofibers (ChNF) was tailored to stabilize Pickering emulsion for in-situ polymerization of PCM microcapsules with a melamine-formaldehyde (MF) resin shell. The droplet size and stability of the emulsions can be effectively controlled by adjusting the morphology difference and concentration of the oppositely charged LCNF (negatively charged) and ChNF (positively charged). An optimal LCNF/ChNF complex stabilization system (LCNF: ChNF = 0.25 wt%: 0.25 wt%) was identified and utilized to stabilize n-octadecane (C<sub>18</sub>) Pickering emulsions, thereby forming the basis for high-performance PCM microcapsules. The resulting microcapsules exhibited excellent thermal properties, including outstanding thermal cycling stability and a high latent heat storage capacity exceeding 205 J/g. Furthermore, the MF polymer shell provided microcapsules with a high encapsulation rate and encapsulation efficiency of 84.5% and 99.8%, respectively, while ensuring no leakage under prolonged high-temperature conditions. These results highlight the potential of the LCNF/ChNF complex as a green and effective stabilizer for PCM microcapsules, offering a new insight into sustainable solutions for energy storage technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"380 ","pages":"Article 125066"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Natural small molecule-polysaccharide nanoparticles: Preparation, characteristics-efficacy modulation, and drug delivery applications","authors":"Weiyi Zhao , Weiqiang Huang , Xipei Wu , Xia Li , Wenyuan Gao , Lanping Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.125010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.125010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid advancement of nanotechnology is revolutionizing fields like biology and materials science. However, concerns over the environmental and health impacts of conventional nanomaterials have spurred interest in sustainable alternatives. Natural small molecule-polysaccharide nanoparticles (NSM-PSNPs), synthesized from biocompatible and biodegradable polysaccharides and bioactive natural small molecules (NSMs), present a promising solution. These composite nanoparticles exhibit significant synergistic effects, enhancing the delivery, oral absorption, bioavailability, and controlled release of NSMs for therapeutic and other applications. Despite considerable progress, challenges remain in precisely controlling their structure-property relationships and understanding their behavior in complex biological environments. This review aims to address these challenges by providing strategic design principles for ideal NSM-PSNPs. It systematically outlines the classifications and properties of polysaccharides and NSMs, discusses assembly techniques for NSM-PSNPs, and analyzes the critical correlation between their characteristics and efficacy. Furthermore, the review examines key parameters affecting NSM-PSNPs properties to guide accurate control and explores their diverse applications, with a focus on drug delivery. Finally, it concludes by summarizing current challenges and future prospects in the development and application of NSM-PSNPs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"380 ","pages":"Article 125010"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146116452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carbohydrate PolymersPub Date : 2026-05-15Epub Date: 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.124973
Hao Dong , Xing Xu , Keqin Mi , Xin Peng , Frank Ratego , Liping Tong , Shifeng Hou
{"title":"Construction of bilayer asymmetric humidity-regulating packaging using 2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan for enhanced strawberry preservation","authors":"Hao Dong , Xing Xu , Keqin Mi , Xin Peng , Frank Ratego , Liping Tong , Shifeng Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.124973","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.124973","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To ensure high-quality harvested fruits and vegetables, maintaining a stable, high relative humidity is crucial. This study concentrated on the development of an asymmetric double-layer film designed to address the limitations inherent in single-layer films. The film incorporates 2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC) as an autonomous humidity control material. HACC has a water adsorption energy of −2.03 eV, higher than polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), indicating better water absorption. The PVA/HACC film evenly distributes water molecules and has a higher adsorption capacity. HACC enhances adsorption kinetics and equilibrium through a synergistic “hydrogen bond-electrostatic” mechanism and increased free volume. Increasing the HACC concentration to 1.0% elevates the active layer's water absorption capacity to 0.43 g/g. The double-layer film exhibits a remarkably low water vapor permeability of (1.66 ± 0.03) × 10<sup>−11</sup> g·m/(m<sup>2</sup>·s·Pa), effectively minimizing moisture exchange. When used for fresh strawberries, compared with the control group, it increased internal relative humidity by 126.54% and reduced the relative humidity variation to 1.62 × 10<sup>−2</sup>, effectively extending freshness to 7 days at room temperature. This innovative packaging solution actively regulates humidity, prolonging the freshness of fruits and vegetables. To encourage practical use, it's essential to assess the main challenges of large-scale promotion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"380 ","pages":"Article 124973"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146116461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carbohydrate PolymersPub Date : 2026-05-15Epub Date: 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.125078
Ziyi Wang, Wenqi Wang, Lang Zhao, Min He, Rong Li
{"title":"Microcrystalline cellulose modified with ethylenediamine disuccinate via ring-opening grafting reaction: A novel and efficient biosorbent for heavy metal ions","authors":"Ziyi Wang, Wenqi Wang, Lang Zhao, Min He, Rong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.125078","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.125078","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of efficient adsorbents is crucial for wastewater treatment given the severe threats posed by heavy metal pollution. This study reports a high-performance biosorbent synthesized by modifying ethylenediamine disuccinate onto microcrystalline cellulose via a 'ring-opening grafting' strategy. The successful modification was verified by comprehensive material characterization. The adsorption performance toward heavy metal ions was systematically evaluated. Under optimal conditions, the adsorption capacities of the biosorbent for Cr(VI), Al(III), and Pb(II) reached 484.84, 472.84, and 477.84 mg/g, respectively, within 30 min. After six adsorption-desorption cycles, the biosorbent retains all about 90% of its initial capacities for three metals, demonstrating excellent structural stability and reusability. Density functional theory calculations, encompassing surface electrostatic potential, Fukui function, binding energy, and differential charge density analyses, elucidate a coordination-dominated adsorption mechanism primarily at the -NH and -COOH sites. The calculated binding energies become less negative in the order Cr(VI) < Pb(II) < Al(III), which, alongside significant electron transfer/sharing, confirms the corresponding trend in adsorption strength. With its integrated advantages of high performance, low cost, and excellent recyclability, the biosorbent demonstrates strong competitiveness and application potential for treating heavy metal pollution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"380 ","pages":"Article 125078"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carbohydrate PolymersPub Date : 2026-05-15Epub Date: 2026-01-26DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.125012
Luca Protti , Vivien Nagy , Daniel Amani , Sankar Rathinam , Elvar Örn Viktorsson , Már Másson
{"title":"HATU Coupling for Fast, Efficient, and Selective N-acylation of chitosan: DoE-optimized synthesis of cationic antibacterial derivatives","authors":"Luca Protti , Vivien Nagy , Daniel Amani , Sankar Rathinam , Elvar Örn Viktorsson , Már Másson","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.125012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.125012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chitosan is a cationic polysaccharide valued in biomedicine for its biodegradability, biocompatibility, non-toxicity, and antimicrobial activity. However, its poor solubility and aggregation tendency limit its applications. These issues can be addressed through chemical modification, which also enhances biological properties. Common acylation and alkylation methods often lack efficiency and control over the degree of substitution (DS).</div><div>Here, a new <em>N</em>-acylation procedure using hexafluorophosphate azabenzotriazole tetramethyl uronium (HATU) as coupling agent in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is reported. The study focused on synthesizing a cationic betaine <em>N</em>-acyl chitosan derivative, <em>N</em>-(2-(<em>N,N,N</em>-trimethylammoniumyl)acetyl) chitosan (TAC), optimized through a Design of Experiments (DoE) approach to achieve full DS control.</div><div>Two 12-experiment full factorial DoE optimizations were conducted, varying equivalent ratios of betaine, HATU, 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt), and triethylamine (TEA). The DS of the TAC products was determined by NMR. The optimized procedure allowed for the quantitative conjugation of betaine, using a slight excess of HATU, requiring only 3 h to complete the synthesis of the TAC derivative from chitosan starting material. The procedure was successfully used for the synthesis of mixed phenylpropionyl-, cinnamoyl- and feruloyl-TAC chitosan derivatives, but further development may be needed for more general applicability. Antibacterial assay confirmed of TAC antibacterial activity, tested against <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"380 ","pages":"Article 125012"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carbohydrate PolymersPub Date : 2026-05-15Epub Date: 2026-02-07DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.125072
Jinpeng Zhai , Chao Liu , Lijuan Sun , Beichen Xue , Yongxin Wu , Rui Xiao
{"title":"5-HMF-driven microporous N, O-dual doped carbon materials based on chitosan for syngas purification and CO2 capture","authors":"Jinpeng Zhai , Chao Liu , Lijuan Sun , Beichen Xue , Yongxin Wu , Rui Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.125072","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.125072","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biomass-derived carbohydrates, as abundant and renewable feedstocks, hold great promise for producing porous carbon materials (PCMs) applicable in CO<sub>2</sub> capture and syngas purification. This study presents a novel strategy for synthesizing N, O-dual doped carbon (NOC) materials through co-pyrolysis using 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) and chitosan (CTS) as precursors, wherein 5-HMF acts as a structural modulator. Combining experimental characterization with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, this work systematically investigated the synergistic mechanism between functional group evolution and carbon framework construction during co-pyrolysis, and elucidated the influence of N, O doping configurations on CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption selectivity. The results indicate that the incorporation of 5-HMF promotes a three-step reaction pathway introducing N, O-containing functional groups such as imine group (C=N) and carbonyl (C=O). The NOC prepared at 800 °C exhibited a CO<sub>2</sub>/H<sub>2</sub> selectivity of 43.4 and a CO<sub>2</sub>/(CO + H<sub>2</sub>) multicomponent selectivity of 24.4 in a continuous flow (CO<sub>2</sub>/CO/H<sub>2</sub>, 25 °C, 1 bar). Theoretical calculations further revealed that the synergistic coupling of pyridinic N and carbonyl groups on the carbon surface significantly enhances surface polarity and Lewis basicity, thereby strengthening the selective adsorption of polar CO<sub>2</sub> molecules via Lewis acid-base interactions and electrostatic induction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"380 ","pages":"Article 125072"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carbohydrate PolymersPub Date : 2026-05-15Epub Date: 2026-02-07DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.125077
Sarah Mamdouh, Isabelle Capron, Hugo Voisin
{"title":"Understanding the formation of hemicellulose-polyphenol assemblies: case study of the xyloglucan-tannic acid system","authors":"Sarah Mamdouh, Isabelle Capron, Hugo Voisin","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.125077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.125077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hemicellulose and polyphenols present attractive functional potential for the elaboration of biobased materials but their interaction remains scarcely studied. In this study, the interaction behavior of xyloglucan (XG) and tannic acid (TA) was systematically studied over XG concentration ranging from 0.25 g/L to 3 g/L and TA:XG weight ratio from 0.1 to 10. Three distinct types of assemblies identified as swollen coils, dense beads or aggregated beads were described using a combination of QCM-D, light scattering and thermodynamic characterizations. They differed in size and colloidal behavior, and their formation was primarily governed by hydrophobic interactions and steric repulsions. These findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms driving hemicellulose–polyphenol association and highlight their potential in the design of functional, plant-inspired materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"380 ","pages":"Article 125077"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carbohydrate PolymersPub Date : 2026-05-15Epub Date: 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.125084
Yuting Zhang , Mingyue Sun , Penghao Sun , He Liu , Zhanqian Song , Xu Xu , Zhaolan Zhai , Fuhao Dong
{"title":"Injectable nanocellulose-based polylipoic acid hydrogels with tunable rheology, strong adhesion and multifunctional bioactivity","authors":"Yuting Zhang , Mingyue Sun , Penghao Sun , He Liu , Zhanqian Song , Xu Xu , Zhaolan Zhai , Fuhao Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.125084","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.125084","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of injectable hydrogels that combine strong tissue adhesion, suitable rheological properties and effective antibacterial/antioxidant activities remains a major challenge for biomedical applications. Herein, we design nanocellulose-based dynamic hydrogels by integrating dopamine-grafted cellulose nanofibers (DCNF) with polylipoic acid (PTA). The DCNF not only constructs a percolated nanofibrous network that precisely regulates viscosity, shear-thinning behavior and structural recovery after injection, but also stabilizes PTA by quenching terminal sulfur radicals, thereby suppressing depolymerization. As a result, the obtained hydrogels exhibit excellent injectability, robust and repeatable adhesion on various substrates, and rapid network recovery, together with effective antibacterial activity against <em>S. aureus</em> and <em>E. coli</em> and pronounced antioxidant capacity. In vitro hemolysis and cytocompatibility assays confirm the good biocompatibility of the DCNF/PTA hydrogels. This work provided a simple nanocellulose-centered strategy to construct injectable, adhesive and bioactive hydrogels as promising handling performance in vitro for transdermal drug delivery and other biomedical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"380 ","pages":"Article 125084"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carbohydrate PolymersPub Date : 2026-05-15Epub Date: 2026-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.125038
Huidan Hou , Lifeng Li , Tahidul Islam , Jingchun Shi , Mengyang Hou , Siliang Jiang , Xiaohan Zhao , Chengyuan Lin , Quanbin Han , Lin Zhu , Zhaoxiang Bian
{"title":"Precise structural characterization and therapeutic potential of a glucomannan polysaccharide from dried rhizome of plant Bletilla striata against ulcerative colitis","authors":"Huidan Hou , Lifeng Li , Tahidul Islam , Jingchun Shi , Mengyang Hou , Siliang Jiang , Xiaohan Zhao , Chengyuan Lin , Quanbin Han , Lin Zhu , Zhaoxiang Bian","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.125038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.125038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bletillae Rhizoma (Baiji), the dried tuber of <em>Bletilla striata</em> (Thunb.) Reichb.f. (BS), a traditional medicinal plant widely used in Chinese medicine. While polysaccharides from BS tuber (BSP) have attracted attention for their broad industrial applications, their detailed structural features and biological functions remain limited. In this study, a neutral polysaccharide (BSPN, 178 kDa), constituting about 80% of BSP, was extracted and purified. Structural analysis elucidated BSPN as a glucomannan (mannose: glucose = 4: 1), featuring a backbone of →4)-<em>β</em>-D-Man<em>p</em>-(1 → and →4)-<em>β</em>-D-Glc<em>p</em>-(1 → linkages with branching at →4, 6)-<em>β</em>-D-Man<em>p</em>-(1 → positions. Targeted enzymatic hydrolysis, with specific endoglycosidases to cleave characteristic glycosidic bonds, not only verified the purity of BSPN, but also generated diagnostic oligosaccharide fragments that revealed the native glycosidic linkage patterns as well as the precise position of acetyl substitution. Furthermore, BSPN significantly alleviated ulcerative colitis in mice in a dose-dependent manner, improving colon histology, enriching beneficial gut microbiota (<em>Faecalibaculum</em> spp.<em>, Bacteroides</em> spp.<em>, and Bifidobacterium</em> spp.), restoration of short-chain fatty acids levels (including a 69% increase in valeric acid), and upregulating glycoside hydrolase genes (GH1/GH2). Together, our findings provide the first comprehensive structural characterization and anti-colitis evaluation of BSPN, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent for ulcerative colitis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"380 ","pages":"Article 125038"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146116460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carbohydrate PolymersPub Date : 2026-05-15Epub Date: 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.125047
Tianqi Cao, Changhu Xue, Zihao Wei
{"title":"Precision assembly of ethyl cellulose–zein Janus nanoparticles with lock-and-key structures for controlled release of quercetin and curcumin","authors":"Tianqi Cao, Changhu Xue, Zihao Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.125047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.125047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Janus nanoparticles have attracted widespread attention in co-delivery and controlled release of nutraceuticals due to their anisotropic composition and properties. This study reported a novel method for preparing ethyl cellulose–zein Janus nanoparticles loaded with quercetin and curcumin. Morphological observations indicated that the Maillard reaction-mediated nanoprecipitation method successfully prepared Janus nanoparticles with lock-and-key structures. Multispectral technology and three-phase interfacial tension principle further confirmed the formation of Janus nanoparticles. Notably, the glycosylated bridge generated in the Maillard reaction played a crucial role in the formation of Janus nanoparticles. It enhanced the interface coupling between ethyl cellulose and zein, thus promoting the formation of Janus nanoparticles. Compared with single nanoparticles, Janus nanoparticles exhibited better thermal, storage, and physical stability, which was beneficial for their application in the food industry. It was found that Janus NPs could regionally encapsulate quercetin and curcumin in the EC hemisphere and zein sphere. In vitro digestion experiments indicated that Que/Cur-loaded Janus NPs could achieve the controlled release of quercetin and curcumin in the small intestine and colon, respectively. This study not only offers an idea for synthesizing food-grade Janus nanoparticles but also provides new insights into co-delivery and controlled release of nutraceuticals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"380 ","pages":"Article 125047"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146116457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}