Prakash Raj Pandeya , Ian M. Black , Steven D. Karlen , Christian Heiss , Yen-Chang Tseng , A. Bruce Downie , Parastoo Azadi , Rachel R. Schendel
{"title":"Hempseed cell wall polysaccharides are dominated by linear xylans and cellulose: Comprehensive structural profiling of ten cultivars of industrial hemp, Cannabis sativa L.","authors":"Prakash Raj Pandeya , Ian M. Black , Steven D. Karlen , Christian Heiss , Yen-Chang Tseng , A. Bruce Downie , Parastoo Azadi , Rachel R. Schendel","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123635","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123635","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hempseed is a rich source of dietary fiber; however, there has been limited research on the variability of carbohydrate composition in hempseed cell walls. The primary aim of this study was to conduct a comprehensive chemical and structural analysis of the cell wall polysaccharides in ten hempseed cultivars. Water-soluble polysaccharides (WSP) and water-insoluble residues (WIR) were isolated and subsequently analyzed for their monosaccharide composition using HPAEC-PAD, glycosyl linkage analysis using GC–MS, and structural characterization via NMR spectroscopy. All hempseed cultivars contained a high proportion of insoluble fibers and smaller amounts of soluble polysaccharides. Glucose and xylose were the most abundant components of the WIR fractions, while the WSP fractions contained abundant amounts of galactose, galacturonic acid, arabinose, rhamnose, and mannose. The results of linkage and spectroscopic analysis were consistent with the compositional analysis, identifying cellulose and acetylated linear xylans as primary components of WIR, and arabinogalactans, rhamnogalacturonans, heteromannans, xyloglucans, and arabinan as predominant in WSP. Overall, the study revealed a comparable cell wall structure among the analyzed hemp seed varieties. The high fiber content of whole hempseed-based ingredients presents significant potential for food manufacturers seeking to develop products with enhanced dietary fiber content, offering both functional and nutritional benefits for consumers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"361 ","pages":"Article 123635"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143864353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yang Yang , Gengyu Zhou , Yang Chen , Ning Lin , Jingzhi Ma
{"title":"Poly(lactide acid)-based microneedles enhanced by tunicate cellulose nanocrystals for potential diabetic periodontitis treatment","authors":"Yang Yang , Gengyu Zhou , Yang Chen , Ning Lin , Jingzhi Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123629","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123629","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diabetic periodontitis, characterized by persistent inflammation and impaired periodontal tissue regeneration under hyperglycemic conditions, urgently requires innovative therapeutic strategies. Microneedle (MN) technique has recently emerged as a promising solution for diabetic periodontitis by enabling minimally invasive and localized drug delivery. In this study, we developed poly(lactic acid) (PLA)-based MNs reinforced with PLA-grafted tunicate cellulose nanocrystals (TCNC-g-PLA@PLA-MNs), demonstrating favorable mechanical strength and biocompatibility. After loading with irisin and interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) via surface polydopamine functionalization, the MNs exhibited anti-inflammatory effects by markedly reducing the expressions of IL-6 by 0.53-fold, IL-8 by 0.23-fold, and MCP-1 by 0.41-fold in human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs). Additionally, they significantly promoted osteogenic differentiation, increasing the expressions of ALP by 1.87-fold, OPN by 2.21-fold, OCN by 1.39-fold, and Runx2 by 2.28-fold, which was further supported by enhanced ALP staining. Furthermore, the MNs improved the migration ability of hPDLCs under inflammatory and high-glucose culture conditions. Our findings highlight that the TCNC-g-PLA@PLA-MNs effectively integrate structural reinforcement and therapeutic functionality, providing a novel and potential platform to promote periodontal regeneration in the context of diabetic periodontitis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"361 ","pages":"Article 123629"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143864352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of low glycemic index food products with wheat resistant starch: a review","authors":"Hanbing Jia , Feiyue Ren , Hongzhi Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123637","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123637","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the growing recognition of the health benefits associated with GI foods in managing type 2 diabetes and alleviating oxidative stress, wheat-based low-GI foods enriched with resistant starch (RS) emerging as a promising alternative to refined grains in daily diets. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the health benefits of RS, delving into its types, characteristics, and the mechanisms underpinning its resistance to hydrolysis.</div><div>To enhance the functionality of RS, various modification techniques—encompassing chemical, enzymatic, physical, and combinatory approaches—have been explored to increase RS content in wheat-based foods while improving their sensory attributes. Additionally, the incorporation of phytochemicals and other natural extracts into low-GI food formulations has demonstrated potential to enhance both nutritional and sensory properties.</div><div>This review also examines market trends for low-GI foods, identifying key challenges in industrial manufacturing processes. By addressing these issues, this work aims to support future research and guide the development of improved standards for low-GI wheat-based food products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"361 ","pages":"Article 123637"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huan Tang , Xinnan Li , Chunmei Li , Wenhao Shen , Lin Jin , Yumeng Zhou , Wenna Jiao , Lijun Zhang , Fang Cheng
{"title":"Sequential delivery of anti-inflammatory and anti-scar drugs by Rg3 liposome-embedded thiolated chitosan hydrogel eye drops for corneal alkali burn","authors":"Huan Tang , Xinnan Li , Chunmei Li , Wenhao Shen , Lin Jin , Yumeng Zhou , Wenna Jiao , Lijun Zhang , Fang Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123626","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123626","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Corneal injury is a major cause of inflammation, scarring, and even vision loss. The main treatment for corneal injury is local administration of eye drops. However, due to the limitation of the protective barrier of the eyes, conventional eye drops have the disadvantages of low bioavailability, high side effects, and limited efficacy. In this study, the anti-inflammatory agent dipotassium glycyrrhizate (DG) and the antifibrotic agent ginsenoside Rg3 were incorporated into a thermosensitive hydrogel in order to develop a multifunctional hybrid hydrogel eye drops (RDTG) for the synergistic treatment of corneal alkali burn. The hydrogel network was formed by thiolated chitosan and β-glycerophosphate through both physical and chemical crosslinking. DG was distributed in free state in the hydrogel, while Rg3 was incorporated into the hydrogel in the form of liposomes. Furthermore, RDTG showed the characteristic of sequential drug-release. <em>In vivo</em> studies using a mouse model of corneal alkali burn have confirmed that RDTG could effectively reduce inflammation, promote corneal wound healing, and inhibit corneal scar. Therefore, the efficient delivery of RDTG eye drops provided a promising approach for the treatment of corneal alkali burn.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"361 ","pages":"Article 123626"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bioinspired cholesteric CNC-based photonic hydrogels with enhanced mechanical properties and dynamic structural color for multifunctional optical applications","authors":"Yueyue Li, Mengyuan Zhu, Rumeng Yin, Guihua Li, Yingjuan Fu, Menghua Qin, Zaiwu Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123628","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123628","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The natural bouligand architecture endows crustacean exoskeletons with an exceptional combination of mechanical strength and vibrant chiroptical characteristics. However, fabricating photonic hydrogels that possess both mechanoresponsive color-changing capabilities and excellent mechanical strength remains a significant challenge. Herein, intelligent cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)-based photonic hydrogels with enhanced mechanical properties are obtained through a one-step synthesis process. Precise control over equilibration time of CNC and acrylamide (AM) precursors is essential for achieving long-range ordered structures within the hydrogels, which is also necessary for their mechanochromic response to pressure and tensile forces. The resulting hydrogels demonstrated high strength (257 KPa), toughness (405 KJ m<sup>−3</sup>), and elasticity (310 %), which far exceed the hydrogels with short-range ordered and completely disordered structures. These results are attributed to the ordered and stiff chiral nematic structure of CNCs, which are seamlessly embedded into the physically crosslinked soft PAM matrix due to favorable dynamic hydrogen bonding. Distinctive stress sensitivities in structural color of hydrogels are realized by controlling the reassembly angles of CNC and AM precursors. Furthermore, two types of anticounterfeiting labels are constructed by applying their mechanochromic characteristics and specific stress sensitivities, which offer enhanced information encryption over traditional labels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"361 ","pages":"Article 123628"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143864354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wenqing Zhao , Wei Liang , Qian Lin , Jie Zeng , Haiyan Gao , Wenhao Li
{"title":"Impact of varying chain-length fatty acids on the retrogradation of mung bean starch-soybean protein isolate gels: Induced changes in morphology, rheology, and water distribution","authors":"Wenqing Zhao , Wei Liang , Qian Lin , Jie Zeng , Haiyan Gao , Wenhao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123631","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123631","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study systematically evaluated the impact of different fatty acids (LA, lauric acid; MA, myristic acid; PA, palmitic acid; SA, stearic acid; 5 % <em>w</em>/w) with soybean isolate protein (SPI, 10 % w/w) on the structural and anti-retrogradation properties of mung bean starch gels. The results showed that fatty acids and SPI interacted with starch during the pasting process, disrupted the integrity network, reduced the order and viscoelasticity of the system, and depended on the length of carbon chains. Notably, under the emulsification of SPI, long-chain fatty acids (e.g., palmitic acid 64.33 % and stearic acid 65.57 %) formed complexes with starch, significantly limiting their release. During 30 days of storage, SPI and fatty acids synergistically retained moisture (e.g., 18 % lower syneresis in ternary gels vs. control starch gels) and reduced chromatic aberration (ΔE < 5.7) and hardness (282.06 g–388.07 g). This was favorable for maintaining the quality of the gelled food during its shelf life and promoted the precise application of fatty acids in the gel system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"361 ","pages":"Article 123631"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143868305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dan Qu , Decai Xiong , Peijun Zhang , Hongfei Suo , Junkai Ren , Yan Xu , Jiaolong Liu , Bing Wei
{"title":"Polymer induced fluorescence enhancement effect on luminescent chiral nematic cellulose nanocrystal based materials","authors":"Dan Qu , Decai Xiong , Peijun Zhang , Hongfei Suo , Junkai Ren , Yan Xu , Jiaolong Liu , Bing Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123627","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123627","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Strong and tailored circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) from fluorophores embedded in chiral matrices has gained significant interest in photonic technologies. However, fluorescence quenching due to molecule aggregation occurs in the solid state at high fluorophore loading. Here, we present a simple polymer induced fluorescence enhancement strategy to fabricate robust luminescent films composed of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) and rhodamine 6G (Rh6G). The type, molecule weight, and concentration of the polymer are found to play critical roles in modulating film fluorescence. The results demonstrate that polymer effectively migrates fluorescence quenching by shielding interactions between Rh6G molecules and CNC-Rh6G, leading to a remarkable enhancement of up to 47 times. The left-handed chiral nematic structure of CNCs can transform the Rh6G emission into controllable left or right-handed CPL. By adjusting the polyethylene glycol concentration and photonic band gap of composite films, CPL with tunable handedness, intensity, and wavelength are achieved, yielding a dissymmetric factor ranging from −0.35 to 0.14. This polymer induced fluorescence enhancement and tunable CPL highlight the potential of CNC-based luminescent films for advanced functional materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"361 ","pages":"Article 123627"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143858724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qian Liang , Yi Yang , Paul A. Kilmartin , Qunyu Gao
{"title":"Influence of debranched maize starch on pullulan/gelatin nanofibers loaded with debranched starch-tannin complexes","authors":"Qian Liang , Yi Yang , Paul A. Kilmartin , Qunyu Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123630","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123630","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Grape seed tannins, the by-products of wine-making, are rich in antioxidant activity due to their high phenolic content. In this study, tannin was complexed with debranched starch from three types of maize starch (high amylose maize starch, normal maize starch and waxy maize starch). The starch-tannin complexes were further incorporated into pullulan/gelatin nanofibers to obtain an antioxidant composite nanofibrous film. The characteristics of debranched starch-tannin complexes were examined for incorporation into nanofibers. As a result, the long-chain amylose-tannin complexes exhibited V-type and B-type crystalline structure, while the short-chain amylose-tannin complexes showed exclusively B-type crystalline structure. After encapsulation, nanofibers loaded with long-chain amylose-tannin complexes demonstrated significantly higher tannin loading capacity (2.54 ± 0.06 %), slower tannin release (18.2 %) and better mechanical properties, with Young's modulus of 233.7 ± 36.3 MPa, elongation at break of 15.4 ± 0.6 % and tensile strength of 18.2 ± 0.9 MPa, compared to those loaded with short-chain amylose-tannin complexes. This study provided an understanding of how de-branched starches influenced the potential of starch-tannin complexes for use in antioxidant food packaging through electrospinning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"361 ","pages":"Article 123630"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shounian Cheng , Yang Tao , Yudong Wang , Wen Jiang , Jiandan Liang , Yu Han , Ning Wang , Xia Cao
{"title":"Triboelectric nanogenerators based on antimicrobial, stretchable, and degradable copper-modified zinc imidazolate framework-8/chitosan composite films for sensitive medical care","authors":"Shounian Cheng , Yang Tao , Yudong Wang , Wen Jiang , Jiandan Liang , Yu Han , Ning Wang , Xia Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123625","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123625","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Triboelectric materials are critical for triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), as they not only determine output performance but also provide multifunctional capabilities, such as high antimicrobial activity and degradability. In this study, copper-modified zinc imidazolate framework-8/chitosan (Cu/ZIF-8/CS) triboelectric materials with excellent output performance, high antimicrobial activity, UV protection, and degradation were prepared by loading bimetallic Cu/ZIF-8 onto the surface of CS films. These materials were then used to fabricate xCu/ZIF-8/CS-TENG (ZC-TENG) based on the composite film of Cu/ZIF-8/CS. The loading of Cu/ZIF-8 onto the surface of CS films enriches the metal element species on the CS film surface and modifies the surface microstructure of the CS films. This modification promotes charge transfer on the film surface, enhances the films' antimicrobial mechanism of action, and ultimately improves the output performance and antimicrobial effect of TENGs. The optimized ZC-TENG demonstrated an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 281.3 V, a short-circuit current (Isc) of 26.4 μA, and a maximum output power density of 239 mW·m<sup>−2</sup> at 3 Hz. Additionally, the antibacterial rate reached 83.23%. Furthermore, the designed ZC-TENG exhibits exceptional stretchability, UV protection, degradability, and biocompatibility, properties that can propel its development for disposable healthcare self-powered sensors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"361 ","pages":"Article 123625"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143864351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yugao Ding , Xinyi Yu , Zhen Zhang , Wang Sun , Jun You , Nisha He , Guofu Zhou
{"title":"Self-exfoliation of cellulose nanofibrils via one-pot pseudosolvent swelling/esterification for functional pellicular materials","authors":"Yugao Ding , Xinyi Yu , Zhen Zhang , Wang Sun , Jun You , Nisha He , Guofu Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123623","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123623","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanocellulose, an environmentally friendly and biodegradable high-performance material, holds significant promise for diverse applications. However, its widespread commercialization is severely hindered by its high energy-intensive and low-yield production processes. Here, we present a facile method for preparing cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) through a self-exfoliation approach using a pseudosolvent. The pseudosolvent selectively disrupted the hydrogen bonds between elementary nanofibers without causing dissolution, enhancing the reactivity of surface hydroxyl groups for subsequent modifications. By incorporating ionizable esterification groups, a rapid and low-energy self-exfoliation of CNFs was achieved. The resulting CNFs exhibited nano-size dimensions, with 440–780 nm lengths and 2.2–4.5 nm thicknesses. The CNF dispersions exhibited pH responsive behavior, enabling a controlled demulsification and facile recovery of Pickering emulsions by varying pH. Furthermore, the CNF nanomembranes displayed vibrant rainbow colors under natural light. Macroscopic membrane demonstrated a high Young's modulus of 3.8 GPa, breaking strength of 95.9 MPa, transmittance over 80 %, and haze over 90 %. Ethanol soaking endowed the films with programmable shape memory and erasable properties, paving the way for advancements in nanocellulose preparation, surface modification, and applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"361 ","pages":"Article 123623"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143858723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}