{"title":"Wheat arabinoxylans: Insight into structure-function relationships","authors":"Jayani Kulathunga , Shahidul Islam","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122933","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122933","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Arabinoxylan (AX), a key non-starch polysaccharide found in the cell walls of cereals like wheat, holds significant importance in the food industry. Recently, it has attracted attention due to its numerous health benefits. While the benefits of wheat arabinoxylans are well-established, a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between their structure and functional properties is essential. This knowledge will be instrumental in addressing potential concerns in future research focusing on food products containing wheat arabinoxylan. Previous reviews predominantly focused on cereal arabinoxylans, and only a few have addressed wheat arabinoxylan. This review aims to consolidate recent research findings on wheat arabinoxylans, highlighting their health benefits and potential links to structural variations. This will aid future studies in this area. Feruloylated arabinoxylans and arabinoxylan oligosaccharides stand out as the most known for their health benefits. Modifying the chemical structure of arabinoxylans to yield low molecular weight oligosaccharides enhances their immunomodulatory and antioxidant activities, as well as promotes the growth and availability of beneficial gut microbes. The antioxidant activity is positively correlated with the ferulic acid content, whereas it has a negative correlation with arabinose substitution. Nevertheless, additional research using final products is necessary to delve into the potential underlying mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 122933"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Siqi Zhao , Jiawei Wu , Zhenqi Guo , Qiang Liu , Liping Guo , Jianlei Kong , Min Zuo , Chao Ding
{"title":"Impact of magnetic field-assisted freezing on the physicochemical properties and starch structure of cooked rice: Effects of magnetic types, intensities, and cryostasis time","authors":"Siqi Zhao , Jiawei Wu , Zhenqi Guo , Qiang Liu , Liping Guo , Jianlei Kong , Min Zuo , Chao Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122934","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122934","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A magnetic field-assisted freezing system was developed to mitigate the degradation of taste quality in frozen cooked rice (FCR). The physicochemical properties and starch structure were analyzed under varying magnetic field types, intensities, and cryostasis time. The analysis of freezing characteristics indicated that treatments with 10 mT static magnetic fields (SMF) and 6 mT alternating magnetic fields (AMF) yielded optimal results, significantly reducing the duration of the maximum ice crystal generation zone by approximately 18 min. Compared to no magnetic field (NMF) treatment, a 16-day frozen storage experiment showed significant improvements in the texture characteristics of cooked rice treated with magnetic fields. However, the moisture content of rice treated with AMF closely resembled those of freshly cooked rice, with a slight increase in yellowness compared to SMF treatment. Throughout the storage period, the crystallinity for the AMF treatment exceeded that of the SMF treatment by 2.99 %. Furthermore, compared to SMF treatment, water molecules in FCR treated with AMF are more tightly bound. Given the superior sensory scores in the AMF treatment, it can be concluded that while SMF reduces color degradation, AMF is more effective in preserving moisture, and structural density. Hence, magnetic fields, especially AMF, emerge as a promising auxiliary technology for FCR, offering a theoretical basis for advancing cold chain logistics technology for cooked rice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 122934"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jerred Wassgren, Brandon R. Clarke, M. Bachir Messikh, Ching-Hsien Ho, Alfred J. Crosby, Gregory N. Tew, Kenneth R. Carter
{"title":"Enhancement of mechanical properties of nanocellulose xerogels using TEMPO-oxidized fibers","authors":"Jerred Wassgren, Brandon R. Clarke, M. Bachir Messikh, Ching-Hsien Ho, Alfred J. Crosby, Gregory N. Tew, Kenneth R. Carter","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122839","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122839","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report xerogels prepared from TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber (Ox-CNF) that have enhanced yield stresses and Young's Modulus (<em>E</em>) up to 15.4 MPa. The xerogels were highly porous (>95 %) and were measured by density determination, SEM, Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) experiments, and microCT analysis. The xerogels had a density of 0.0182 to 0.0471 g/cm<sup>3</sup>. We report that the solvent exchange process introduces a distribution of pore sizes and leads to enhanced mechanical properties. Mechanical properties were evaluated by monotonic and cyclical uniaxial compression measurements using a flat punch. These highly porous Ox-CNF xerogels have superior mechanical properties to other CNF xerogels and aerogels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 122839"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yu-chuan Wang , Hao-wei Ning , Qiao-juan Yan , Hai-jie Liu , Yan-xiao Li , Zheng-qiang Jiang
{"title":"Enzymatic modification of wheat starch by a novel maltotetraose-forming amylase from Atopomonas hussainii to retard retrogradation and improve bread quality","authors":"Yu-chuan Wang , Hao-wei Ning , Qiao-juan Yan , Hai-jie Liu , Yan-xiao Li , Zheng-qiang Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122909","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122909","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To retard starch retrogradation and improve bread quality, a novel maltotetraose-forming amylase (<em>Ah</em>MFA) from <em>Atopomonas hussainii</em> was expressed in <em>Komagataella phaffii</em>. After high cell density fermentation, the enzyme activity reached a maximum level of 3032 U mL<sup>−1</sup>. <em>Ah</em>MFA showed optimal activity at pH 6.0 and 55 °C, respectively. After raw wheat starch was treated with <em>Ah</em>MFA at 55 °C for 1 h, the relative crystallinity decreased from 24.5 % to 20.8 % without changing the A-type crystalline pattern. The side chain components with A, B1 and B2 chains were reduced to 27.5 %, 44.9 %, and 13.8 %, respectively. The retrogradation enthalpy of wheat starch decreased significantly by 67.8 %. Moreover, the decreased Mixolab parameters (C5 and C5 − C4) indicated that <em>Ah</em>MFA reduced starch retrogradation of wheat dough. After addition of <em>Ah</em>MFA (3 ppm), the specific volume of bread increased by 29.5 % and its hardness decreased by 46.1 % compared to the control. The <em>Ah</em>MFA-added bread exhibited good anti-staling properties with 43.7 % less hardness than the control after storage at 4 °C for 4 days. This study provided a novel maltotetraose-forming amylase for starch modification to retard retrogradation and improve bread quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 122909"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tengfei Zhao , Tianqing Xing , Xuefei Cao, Shaoni Sun
{"title":"Rapid surface acetylation of cellulosic materials at room temperature by immersion method","authors":"Tengfei Zhao , Tianqing Xing , Xuefei Cao, Shaoni Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122932","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122932","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Regulating the surface hydrophobicity of cellulosic materials via surface acetylation can greatly extend their applications. However, most of the existing surface acetylation methods for cellulosic materials are time-consuming and costly. Herein a simple but practical immersion method for the rapid surface acetylation of cellulose materials was reported, which involved soaking cellulosic materials in alkaline aqueous solution followed by immersed them in vinyl acetate. Results showed that simply wetting the surface of cellulosic materials with aqueous alkaline solutions can satisfy their surface acetylation requirement, and the consumption of esterifying agent can be significantly reduced. The immersion method can rapidly improve the surface properties of the cellulosic materials at room temperature within minutes and which is highly attractive to the surface acetylation of cellulose fibers. The moisture regain of the viscose filament obviously decreased after surface acetylation. When the surface acetylated viscose fiber was used as cigarette filter, the total particulate matter in the filtered cigarette smoke significantly reduced from 11.03 mg/cigarette to 6.03 mg/cigarette. The products are promising alternatives to the existing cigarette filters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 122932"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142587321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nanocellulose-collagen composites as advanced biomaterials for 3D in-vitro neuronal model systems","authors":"Veronica Torresan , Lens Martijn Dedroog , Olivier Deschaume , Erin Koos , Minne Paul Lettinga , Alessandro Gandin , Margherita Pelosin , Francesca Zanconato , Giovanna Brusatin , Carmen Bartic","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122901","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122901","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Studying brain diseases and developing therapies requires versatile in vitro systems for long-term neuronal cultures. SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells are ideal for modeling neurodegenerative diseases. Although SH-SY5Y cells are commonly used in 2D cultures, 3D systems offer more physiologically relevant models. Studies have shown 3D culturing up to 7 days, but a simple, reproducible, and tunable system has yet to be identified. Cellulose holds potential to fulfill these needs. Cellulose and its derivatives are sustainable, cytocompatible, and ideal for synthesizing biocompatible hydrogels. Its abundance and ease of chemical modification make it a highly attractive biomaterial.</div><div>This study explored nanocellulose-based hydrogels for promoting neuronal growth and morphogenesis. To enhance cell adhesion, a small amount of collagen was added to the hydrogel, and the resulting cell morphologies were analyzed and compared with those cultured in collagen and Matrigel. By chemically oxidizing cellulose and adjusting the blend, we developed composites that maintained neuronal viability for over 14 days in 3D cultures.</div><div>Our findings show that nanocellulose-collagen composites offer superior cytocompatibility, promoting neuronal viability and neurite outgrowth more effectively than Matrigel and collagen. These tunable biomaterials support long-term 3D neuronal cultures, making them valuable for creating standardized models for disease research and drug development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 122901"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Contents and structures of branched and linear maltodextrins, malto-oligosaccharides, and sugars in the early developmental stage of phosphorylase1 mutant endosperm of rice","authors":"Yasunori Nakamura , Martin Steup","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122923","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122923","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biochemical analysis of plastidial phosphorylase (Pho1)-deficient mutants of rice strongly suggests that Pho1 plays an important role in the initiation of starch biosynthesis in the endosperm. The present study examined structures and amounts of maltodextrins, malto-oligosaccharides (MOS) as well as sugars in maturing rice endosperm and compared between a <em>pho1</em>-mutant line EM633 and its wild-type cultivar Taichung-65 (TC65). By using a gel permeation HPLC from developing rice endosperm of both lines, branched maltodextrins (BMD) with distinct fine structure could be isolated for the first time, a possible intermediate in the initiation process of starch biosynthesis, whereas its amount was much lower than starch content in both endosperms. This suggests that BMD as a main intermediate in the de novo synthesis of starch molecules is kept to be at a very low level during starch biosynthesis. The amounts of maltose, and MOS as well as linear maltodextrins (LMD) were greatly increased by the <em>pho1</em> mutation. These results indicate that Pho1 would play an essential role in the step of mobility of maltose to MOS and then to LMD in the de novo synthesis of amylopectin molecules in developing rice endosperm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 122923"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Theodorus Eko Pramudito , Cynthia Klostermann , Eddy J. Smid , Henk A. Schols
{"title":"Modulation of soy flour bioactivity against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli by fermentation with exopolysaccharides-producing lactic acid bacteria","authors":"Theodorus Eko Pramudito , Cynthia Klostermann , Eddy J. Smid , Henk A. Schols","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122922","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122922","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enterotoxigenic <em>Escherichia coli</em> (ETEC)-mediated diarrhea can be mitigated by inhibiting bacterial adhesion to intestinal surface. Some lactic acid bacteria (LAB) produce exopolysaccharides (EPS) that can inhibit ETEC adhesion. In this study, we fermented soy flour-based dough (SoyD) with EPS-producing LAB strains <em>Pediococcus pentosaceus</em> TL (<em>Pp</em>TL), <em>Leuconostoc citreum</em> TR (<em>Lc</em>TR), <em>Leuconostoc mesenteroides</em> WA (<em>Lm</em>WA) and <em>L. mesenteroides</em> WN (<em>Lm</em>WN) to improve anti-adhesive activity of the dough against ETEC. The strains <em>Lc</em>TR, <em>Lm</em>WA and <em>Lm</em>WN produced EPS in SoyD fermentation with similar polysaccharide yields and compositions as when grown in liquid medium, whereas <em>Pp</em>TL was unable to produce EPS in SoyD. <em>Lc</em>TR produced high molecular weight (Mw) dextran (∼900 kDa) while <em>Lm</em>WA and <em>Lm</em>WN produced dextran and levan with diverse Mw (∼20–1000 kDa). SoyD fermentation by EPS-producing LAB increased the capability of the SoyD extracts to adhere to ETEC cells and block ETEC adhesion to porcine mucin. After Mw-based fractionation, all extract-fractions (>3 kDA) of <em>Lm</em>WA- and <em>Lm</em>WN-fermented SoyD retained their blocking activity indicating that various Mw populations of the EPS contributes to bioactivity against ETEC. This study shows the potential of EPS-producing LAB strains as fermenting microorganisms in the development of a functional food product with anti-diarrheal properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 122922"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142587447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Murat Yanat, Esther Voortman, Carla Buijsse, Karin Schroën
{"title":"Life cycle assessment (LCA) of chitin nanocrystal reinforced polylactic acid (ChNC/PLA) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) packaging material","authors":"Murat Yanat, Esther Voortman, Carla Buijsse, Karin Schroën","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122927","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122927","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bio-nanocomposites hold the promise to reduce environmental impact of plastic materials and lessen reliance on non-renewable resources as is the case for fossil-based plastics. In this study, we present chitin nanocrystal (ChNC) reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) as biodegradable polymer with natural-origin nanoparticles, enhancing the base polymer's strength. Until now, these bio-nanocomposites have been evaluated from fundamental and practical perspectives, yet, in-depth research on their environmental impact remains limited. We conducted a life cycle assessment (LCA) for upscaled ChNC production including its incorporation into PLA. We compare with the benchmark polyethylene terephthalate (PET) using ten impact indicators, primarily focusing on climate change. For PLA, PET, and ChNC/PLA (5 % particles), the production processes resulted in 3.04, 3.21, and 4.26 kg CO<sub>2</sub> equivalent, respectively. Recycling processes greatly enhance plastics sustainability, though practical implementation remains challenging. On that aspect, compostable PLA and ChNC/PLA materials outperform conventional plastics that end up in landfill. The climate change impact of ChNC production can be reduced by 30 to 40 % by decreasing HCl and water use during acid hydrolysis and energy used during drying compared to current laboratory conditions. These insights incorporated into ChNC/PLA production and post-use strategies can guide bio-nanocomposite production toward more sustainable practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 122927"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142587448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Longjie Yuan , Shouxian Zhong , Shakeel Ahmad , Dong Tian , Chenghong Ao
{"title":"How to select agroforestry waste biomass for electrospinning and its potential application in bone tissue engineering","authors":"Longjie Yuan , Shouxian Zhong , Shakeel Ahmad , Dong Tian , Chenghong Ao","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122921","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122921","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The high value-added utilization of agroforestry waste biomass is an urgent requirment. Herein, a feasible approach was provided to obtain biodegradable cellulose fibrous films from agroforestry waste biomass. The cellulose used was extracted from agroforestry waste biomass and then the cellulose fibrous film was obtained by direct electrospinning. Lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC) structure was considered as the key factor for the dissolution of lignocellulose, while cellulose molecular weight > 335,664 was suitable for electrospinning. Bamboo cellulose was chosen as an example to verify the potential application of the electrospun cellulose films from agroforestry waste biomass. The as-prepared electrospun bamboo cellulose fibrous film exhibited a tensile strength of 24.12 MPa, which outperformed most of the reported electrospun nanofibrous films. Moreover, the film possessed a super-wetting surface and outstanding cytocompatibility. These excellent properties offer the film with immense potential for application in bone tissue engineering. In addition, this work provides a new route for transforming agroforestry waste into high value-added products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 122921"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142552193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}