Carbohydrate Polymers最新文献_第5页

Accurate assignments of NMR spin systems of monosaccharide residues for homopolysaccharide structural characterization 单糖残基核磁共振自旋系统的精确分配，用于均多糖结构表征

IF 12.5 1区化学

Carbohydrate Polymers Pub Date : 2025-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124505

Yu Yang , Junyin Zhang , Xiu Gu , Kaifeng Hu

{"title":"Accurate assignments of NMR spin systems of monosaccharide residues for homopolysaccharide structural characterization","authors":"Yu Yang , Junyin Zhang , Xiu Gu , Kaifeng Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124505","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124505","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>2D COSY and TOCSY experiments are commonly employed for chemical shift assignment of monosaccharide residues in glycans. However, for homopolysaccharides composed of a single type of monosaccharide residues, extensive signal overlap in these <sup>1</sup>H homonuclear correlation spectra often hinders unambiguous chemical shift assignments. DREAMTIME experiment can highly selectively excite specific <em>J</em>-coupled protons in each monosaccharide residue.</div><div>Here, we present an integrated NMR approach combining 2D DQF-COSY, TOCSY, and 1D DREAMTIME TOCSY to achieve precise spin system assignments in APS-N, a glucan from <em>Astragalus membranaceus</em>. <em>J</em>-coupled H-1/H-2 protons were initially assigned from well-resolved cross-peaks in the 2D DQF-COSY spectrum. The distinct chemical shifts of the anomeric protons allowed clear differentiation between α- and β- <span>d</span>-glucose residues, which exhibit typical <sup>3</sup><em>J</em><sub>H-1,H-2</sub>-coupling constants of 4.5 and 7.3 Hz, respectively. These essential informations were exploited to guide selective excitation of H-1 and H-2 in DREAMTIME. An extended TOCSY mixing concatenated to the DREAMTIME element enabled efficient magnetization transfer from the initially excited protons (<em>H</em>-1, <em>H</em>-2) across the full spin system. The unique selectivity of 1D DREAMTIME TOCSY allows for the validation of spin system identification from the 2D TOCSY spectrum, while enabling more precise and unambiguous chemical shift assignments for each monosaccharide residue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"371 ","pages":"Article 124505"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A comparative review of chitin occurrence and quantification methodologies with applications to insect sourced materials 几丁质含量及定量方法在昆虫源材料中的应用比较综述

IF 12.5 1区化学

Carbohydrate Polymers Pub Date : 2025-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124496

Hannah E. Shinnerl , Ian J. Banks , Ryan N. Dilger

{"title":"A comparative review of chitin occurrence and quantification methodologies with applications to insect sourced materials","authors":"Hannah E. Shinnerl , Ian J. Banks , Ryan N. Dilger","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124496","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124496","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chitin is an abundant aminopolysaccharide that serves as the basic structural molecule in certain animal lineages and fungi. Chitin is a diverse polymer with research and industrial applications across several disciplines. The primary source of chitin is the exoskeleton of arthropods, which include insects and crustaceans. However, chitin does not occur as a pure polymer, but rather as a complex matrix that integrates proteins, pigments, and minerals. Methods for analyzing chitin thereby must deal with the chemical complexity of these biological matrices. Accordingly, several analytical methods have been developed for chitin detection and quantification. Here we provide a detailed summary of methods for the quantification of chitin, with a focus on insect-based materials. These methods fall into several broad categories: proximate analysis, spectroscopic, electrophoretic and chromatographic separation paired with detection, chemical, and immunochemical. Also included is a discussion on methods for chitin purification, hydrolysis, and deacetylation. The aim of this review is to consolidate chitin quantification methodologies across diverse scientific disciplines, providing researchers with a comparative framework for selecting appropriate techniques based on their sample types, research objectives, and analytical constraints. By highlighting the strengths and limitations of each method, this review also seeks to guide future method development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"371 ","pages":"Article 124496"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring new buccal films based on hydroxyethyl cellulose and Linecaps® combination for the pediatric delivery of hydrophobic molecules 探索基于羟乙基纤维素和Linecaps®组合的新型口腔膜，用于儿科疏水分子的输送

IF 12.5 1区化学

Carbohydrate Polymers Pub Date : 2025-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124499

Greta Camilla Magnano , Anna Scomparin , Monica Argenziano , Rita Spagnolo , Elisabetta Muntoni , Dario Voinovich , Dritan Hasa , Valentina Bianchi , Ilaria De Munari , Roberta Cavalli

{"title":"Exploring new buccal films based on hydroxyethyl cellulose and Linecaps® combination for the pediatric delivery of hydrophobic molecules","authors":"Greta Camilla Magnano , Anna Scomparin , Monica Argenziano , Rita Spagnolo , Elisabetta Muntoni , Dario Voinovich , Dritan Hasa , Valentina Bianchi , Ilaria De Munari , Roberta Cavalli","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124499","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124499","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polysaccharides and starch derivatives can play a role in the development of buccal films and patches. Buccal films are a valid approach to the transmucosal administration of drugs. These drug-delivery systems are adaptable to the mucosal surface, while being particularly suitable for the pediatric population. This study explores the combination of polysaccharide-based films for the buccal administration of the poorly soluble drug, ibuprofen. The films were obtained <em>via</em> the freeze-thaw technique using an innovative combination of two film-forming polymers of natural origin, <em>i.e.</em> hydroxyethylcellulose and a pea starch derivate (Linecaps®). Ibuprofen was selected as model drug to be loaded into the buccal formulation as a β-cyclodextrin complex. The produced films showed good physico-chemical and functional properties including homogeneous drug content, thickness, mechanical strength, mucoadhesion, thus guaranteeing suitable drug loading and applicability. <em>In vitro,</em> permeation studies of Ibuprofen buccal films were carried out using a synthetic biomimetic membrane, and rabbit mucosae tissue exhibited values of permeability fluxes in the same order of magnitude for the two tested membranes (1.51 × 10<sup>−2</sup> ± 0.33 × 10<sup>−2</sup> μg/cm<sup>2</sup>*s <em>vs</em> 1.21 × 10<sup>−2</sup> ± 0.18 × 10<sup>−2</sup> μg/cm<sup>2</sup>*s).</div><div>The release of the drug from the buccal film, the taste-masking and permeation properties suggested that the proposed combination of polysaccharides represent a potential formulation of mucoadhesive buccal films.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"371 ","pages":"Article 124499"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Oral efficacy of structurally defined chondroitin sulfate Co-administered with SNAC in Parkinson's disease 结构明确的硫酸软骨素联合SNAC治疗帕金森病的口服疗效

IF 12.5 1区化学

Carbohydrate Polymers Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124492

Ying Guo , Bin Zhang , Changkai Bu , Zizhe An , Deling Shi , Lan Jin , Anran Sheng , Aihua Zhen , Lianli Chi

{"title":"Oral efficacy of structurally defined chondroitin sulfate Co-administered with SNAC in Parkinson's disease","authors":"Ying Guo , Bin Zhang , Changkai Bu , Zizhe An , Deling Shi , Lan Jin , Anran Sheng , Aihua Zhen , Lianli Chi","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124492","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124492","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with limited therapeutic options and suboptimal long-term efficacy. Although glycosaminoglycans such as chondroitin sulfate (CS) possess neuroprotective potential, their clinical application is hampered by poor oral bioavailability and limited target specificity. In this study, we first established a highly sensitive LC-MS/MS MRM assay to quantify CS in plasma. Using animal models, we demonstrated that co-administration with N-[8-(2-hydroxybenzoyl)amino]caprylate (SNAC) significantly enhanced the oral bioavailability of CS compared to deoxycholic acid (DOCA) modification. Subsequently, we synthesized a structurally defined 6-<em>O</em>-desulfated chondroitin sulfate octasaccharide (CS-dp8-de6S) and evaluated its therapeutic efficacy in MPTP-induced PD mouse models via co-administration with SNAC. Treatment with CS-dp8-de6S/SNAC improved motor performance in the pole and hanging tests, partially restored striatal dopamine levels, and upregulated tyrosine hydroxylase expression in the substantia nigra, these effects were significantly greater than those observed with non-desulfated CS-dp8, demonstrating its enhanced specificity. Mechanistic studies using gel mobility shift assay and dual immunohistochemistry revealed that CS-dp8-de6S treatment effectively reduced pathological fibrinogen β-chain (FGB) deposition in brain tissues. These findings highlight the potential of structurally defined CS oligosaccharides as novel disease-modifying therapeutics for PD and provide a basis for the development of carbohydrate-based strategies targeting proteinopathies in neurodegenerative disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"371 ","pages":"Article 124492"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Microphase separation in maltooligosaccharide-based block co-oligomers with dominant sugar volume fractions: Toward a comprehensive understanding of the phase behavior 具有优势糖体积分数的麦芽糖低聚糖基块共聚物的微相分离：对相行为的全面理解

IF 12.5 1区化学

Carbohydrate Polymers Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124488

Chaehun Lee , Taiki Nishimura , Feng Li , Takuya Yamamoto , Redouane Borsali , Kenji Tajima , Hsin-Lung Chen , Toshifumi Satoh , Takuya Isono

{"title":"Microphase separation in maltooligosaccharide-based block co-oligomers with dominant sugar volume fractions: Toward a comprehensive understanding of the phase behavior","authors":"Chaehun Lee , Taiki Nishimura , Feng Li , Takuya Yamamoto , Redouane Borsali , Kenji Tajima , Hsin-Lung Chen , Toshifumi Satoh , Takuya Isono","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124488","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124488","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Block co-oligomers (BCOs) consisting of oligosaccharides and hydrophobic terpenoid blocks exhibit microphase-separated structures of various morphologies with sub-10 nm periodicity, thereby rendering them of interest for use in a range of nanotechnological applications. However, their microphase separation behaviors have yet to be fully elucidated across a broad range of sugar volume fractions, especially with regard to sugar-rich regimes. In this study, the microphase separation behaviors of sugar-rich BCOs composed of maltooligosaccharides (maltotriose, maltopentaose, and maltoheptaose) and hydrophobic terpenoid blocks (farnesol, phytol, and DL-<em>α</em>-tocopherol) were systematically investigated using sugar volume fractions ranging from 0.41 to 0.69. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and grazing incidence SAXS were employed to identify a variety of nanostructures in both the bulk and thin-film states, including lamellar, sugar-rich gyroid, hexagonally perforated lamellar, and hexagonally packed cylindrical structures. Through integration of the deduced phase behaviors in the sugar-rich regime, phase diagrams were constructed to provide useful guidance for predicting the self-assembled morphologies of sugar-based block copolymer/co-oligomer systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"371 ","pages":"Article 124488"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Structural characterisation of Cistanche tubulosa polysaccharides and their effects against non-alcoholic steatohepatitis via gut microbiota regulation 肉苁蓉多糖的结构特征及其通过肠道菌群调节对非酒精性脂肪性肝炎的作用

IF 12.5 1区化学

Carbohydrate Polymers Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124495

Yu Wang , Dongxuan Zheng , Shuyi Ji , Junjie Tan , Zhanping Tian , Xierzhati Aihaiti , Yawen Bai , Jun Yao , Junmin Chang , Jing Shen

{"title":"Structural characterisation of Cistanche tubulosa polysaccharides and their effects against non-alcoholic steatohepatitis via gut microbiota regulation","authors":"Yu Wang , Dongxuan Zheng , Shuyi Ji , Junjie Tan , Zhanping Tian , Xierzhati Aihaiti , Yawen Bai , Jun Yao , Junmin Chang , Jing Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124495","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124495","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a growing global health burden for which there are no approved drugs. <em>Cistanche tubulosa</em> is a traditional Chinese medicine, with polysaccharide as one of its active components. However, its physicochemical structure is unclear, and no research has assessed its effect on NASH. In this study, polysaccharides from <em>C. tubulosa</em> were extracted using an aqueous alcoholic precipitation method. Two polysaccharides, named CTAN and CTBN, were successfully obtained after separation and purification through column chromatography. CTAN was identified as a polysaccharide composed of →6)α-D-Glc<em>p</em>-(1→. Meanwhile, CTBN was revealed to be polysaccharide with a → 4)α-D-Glc<em>p</em>-(1 → backbone and α-D-Glc<em>p</em>-(1 → branches attached to →3,4)α-D-Glc<em>p</em>-(1→. In vitro experimental studies demonstrated that the two polysaccharides exhibited no significant toxicity, with CTBN showing pronounced lipid-regulating and anti-inflammatory effects. We systematically analysed the effects of CTBN on high-fat high-cholesterol diet (HFHCD)–induced NASH in mice. Results showed that CTBN alleviated NASH by improving lipid metabolism disorders, reducing hepatic inflammation and fibrosis induced by HFHCD and protecting the intestinal mucosal barrier. Additionally, the metabolism of intestinal microbiota and SCFAs could been regulated by CTBN. Beneficial effects about liver and colon were associated with the modulation of intestinal flora, as confirmed by experiments in pseudo- germfree mice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"371 ","pages":"Article 124495"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Construction of magnetically responsive xanthan gum hydrogels for tunable drug delivery 磁响应性黄原胶水凝胶的构建及可调药物递送

IF 12.5 1区化学

Carbohydrate Polymers Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124494

Yao Sun , Tiantian Li , Jingjing Cao , Haotian Zhang , Ce Liang

{"title":"Construction of magnetically responsive xanthan gum hydrogels for tunable drug delivery","authors":"Yao Sun , Tiantian Li , Jingjing Cao , Haotian Zhang , Ce Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel magnetically controlled hydrogel drug delivery system was constructed by physically cross-linking hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) and xanthan gum (XG), followed by incorporating varying concentrations of magnetic nanoparticles. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the hydrogel possesses a porous network structure. Drug release from this system can be controlled by on/off switching of an external magnetic field. Experimental results demonstrated that applied magnetic fields slowed the drug release rate. The sample with 15 % magnetic particles demonstrates a 30 % reduction in drug release under an applied magnetic field compared to non-field conditions. Enabling precise regulation of drug concentration during treatment. Interestingly, incorporating magnetic nanoparticles increased the cumulative drug release. The sample containing 15 % magnetic particles releases 116 % more drug under identical conditions. This suggests potential for enhanced drug bioavailability. The hydrogel system exhibits antibacterial efficacy upon incorporation of LVFX drug, while demonstrating a drug release pattern identical to that observed with MTX and magnetic particles under magnetic field application. Thus, adding magnetic particles to drug-loaded hydrogels not only improves bioavailability but also allows magnetic field control of drug concentration, enhancing therapeutic outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"371 ","pages":"Article 124494"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High performance hydrogel sensor based on rGO integrated P(AA-HEMA) and starch for motion and temperature monitoring 基于rGO集成P（AA-HEMA）和淀粉的高性能水凝胶传感器，用于运动和温度监测

IF 12.5 1区化学

Carbohydrate Polymers Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124497

Fang Wang , Jiajun Wang , Wen Li , Yimao Wu , Jiaqi Liu

{"title":"High performance hydrogel sensor based on rGO integrated P(AA-HEMA) and starch for motion and temperature monitoring","authors":"Fang Wang , Jiajun Wang , Wen Li , Yimao Wu , Jiaqi Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124497","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124497","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Smart hydrogel materials demonstrated promising application prospects in flexible electronic devices, human-machine interaction systems, and soft robotics owing to their exceptional electrical conductivity. However, significant technical challenges remained to be addressed for developing multifunctional hydrogel systems integrating both sensing and actuation capabilities. In this study, polydopamine (PDA) was employed to conduct in-situ reduction of graphene oxide (GO) under alkaline conditions, yielding reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with superior electrical conductivity and high photothermal conversion efficiency. The resulting nanomaterial was subsequently combined with natural polysaccharide starch to fabricate a poly (acrylic acid-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)/starch/reduced graphene oxide (P(AA-HEMA)/St/rGO) hydrogel composite. This hydrogel system exhibited not only exceptional mechanical properties (176 kPa tensile stress and 1258 % strain) and durability, but also demonstrated high conductivity (3.64 S/m) and sensitive sensing characteristics (achieving a gauge factor of 5.15 at 1300 % strain). The developed hydrogel sensor accurately detected various physiological signals including fist clenching, pulse vibration, and vocalization. Furthermore, by leveraging its excellent photothermal response properties, a three-dimensional array sensor configuration was established, enabling real-time monitoring of ambient temperature variations. Through ingenious material design and structural optimization, this research successfully developed a multifunctional smart hydrogel, providing a novel material solution for biomedical applications and flexible electronic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"371 ","pages":"Article 124497"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Polysaccharide conjugate vaccines: From historical milestones to future strategies 多糖结合疫苗：从历史里程碑到未来战略

IF 12.5 1区化学

Carbohydrate Polymers Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124469

Yuelong Li , Jianlong Wang , Shuihong Cheng , Wenhua Huang , Zhongpeng Zhao , Shaolong Chen , Yongqiang Jiang

{"title":"Polysaccharide conjugate vaccines: From historical milestones to future strategies","authors":"Yuelong Li , Jianlong Wang , Shuihong Cheng , Wenhua Huang , Zhongpeng Zhao , Shaolong Chen , Yongqiang Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124469","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124469","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) of encapsulated bacterial pathogens, such as <em>Streptococcus pneumoniae</em>, <em>Haemophilus influenzae</em>, and <em>Neisseria meningitidis</em>, serve as potent antigens for eliciting protective immunity against invasive infections. Polysaccharide and protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccines have significantly reduced the global burden of diseases caused by these pathogens through direct immune protection and herd immunity. While traditional polysaccharide vaccines induce T cell-independent responses, conjugate vaccines-comprising CPSs linked to carrier proteins, drive robust T cell-dependent immunity, offering enhanced and durable protection. This review examines the evolution of polysaccharide-based vaccines, focusing on antigen design, carrier protein selection, and conjugation strategies, while addressing current challenges and future prospects. Key hurdles include the expansion of vaccine valency to broaden coverage against non-vaccine serotypes to lower the risk of serotype replacement, managing manufacturing and quality control complexities in multivalent formulations, and mitigating interference between carrier proteins and CPSs during T cell activation. Emerging strategies propose leveraging bacterial surface immunogenic proteins as novel carriers, which could streamline vaccine valency, amplify antibody-mediated protection, and circumvent existing limitations. Such innovations hold promise for advancing next-generation conjugate vaccines, optimizing efficacy while addressing the dynamic challenges of bacterial pathogenicity and vaccine development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"371 ","pages":"Article 124469"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Starch as an eco-friendly and sustainable option for separation membranes: A review of current status and future directions 淀粉作为一种环保和可持续的分离膜选择：现状和未来方向的综述

IF 12.5 1区化学

Carbohydrate Polymers Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124475

Vahid Vatanpour , Mehran Bijari , Batuhan Sadiksoz , Bahar Yavuzturk Gul , Ismail Koyuncu

{"title":"Starch as an eco-friendly and sustainable option for separation membranes: A review of current status and future directions","authors":"Vahid Vatanpour , Mehran Bijari , Batuhan Sadiksoz , Bahar Yavuzturk Gul , Ismail Koyuncu","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124475","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124475","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing global demand for sustainable materials has intensified research into starch-based biopolymers for membrane applications. Starch, a renewable and biodegradable polysaccharide, offers advantages such as hydrophilicity, biocompatibility, and ease of chemical modification, making it an attractive candidate for environmentally friendly membranes. Starch films have been widely used in the food packaging and medical industries; however, the application of starch in separation membranes has been less investigated. This review examines developments in separation starch-derived membranes over the past decade, focusing on their structure, extraction, fabrication techniques, and broad applications. Starch-based membranes have demonstrated efficacy in micro-, ultra-, and nanofiltration for contaminant removal, along with gas separation, pollutant adsorption, pervaporation, and proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Challenges inherent to native starch, particularly water sensitivity and limited mechanical strength, have been addressed by chemical modification, polymer blending, nanoparticle incorporation, and crosslinking, all of which improve membrane stability and selectivity. Advanced fabrication methods, including phase inversion, interfacial polymerization, and electrospinning, have also enhanced membrane performance. Future research should prioritize advanced modification strategies, the development of composite systems with emerging nanomaterials, green and scalable manufacturing, and rigorous life cycle assessments. Real-world validation and cost competitiveness with petrochemical-based membranes are essential for broader implementation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"371 ","pages":"Article 124475"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0