Biosensors and Bioelectronics最新文献

{"title":"In-situ sampling and monitoring ctDNA from dermal interstitial fluid for tumor diagnosis","authors":"Zhenyu Wu ,&nbsp;Jing Chen ,&nbsp;Yuzhe Zhang ,&nbsp;Rufei Ge ,&nbsp;Yan Li ,&nbsp;Khaydar E. Yunusov ,&nbsp;Fozil Mamarayim Ugli Turakulov ,&nbsp;Guohua Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118431","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118431","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Detecting circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in skin interstitial fluid (ISF) offers a non-invasive cancer diagnostic route, though clinical translation is often hindered by low extraction efficiency and sensitivity. This study presents an integrated microneedle-electrode platform for <em>in situ</em> sampling and monitoring of ctDNA. Utilizing reverse iontophoresis, ctDNA is extracted from the dermal ISF and subsequently detected via a signal-amplified rGO/PPy/Au NPs electrochemical sensor. The platform facilitates quantitative detection with a broad linear range (10 fM to 1 nM) and a low detection limit of 1.92 fM. It demonstrates high specificity against base mismatches and biological interferents, alongside strong reproducibility. In vivo testing on a murine tumor model showed results significantly correlated with qPCR and ddPCR, highlighting its potential for point-of-care cancer diagnostics and disease monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":259,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 118431"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine-learning-optimized T3C2Tx/Bi2Se3 nanoflower-modified screen-printed electrodes for electrochemical detection of trace Pb2+ and Cd2+ in artificial sweat","authors":"Haozi Lu ,&nbsp;Wei Zhou ,&nbsp;Ye Li ,&nbsp;Meiqing Yang ,&nbsp;Jifei Yang ,&nbsp;Can Hu ,&nbsp;Yabo Ogunduyile ,&nbsp;Travis Hu ,&nbsp;Gang Yu ,&nbsp;Huimin Li ,&nbsp;Ming Zhang ,&nbsp;Song Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118389","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118389","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the field of non-invasive detection methods, sweat analysis has been increasingly capturing the interest of researchers due to its potential for clinical and health monitoring applications. While the detection of various substances in sweat has been extensively documented, the detection of heavy metal ions such as cadmium (Cd²⁺) and lead (Pb²⁺) is challenging due to their low concentrations, often falling below 100 ppb. Sweat testing also faces challenges such as variability in sweat production and evaporation rates, biological fouling, and sensor sensitivity decay, which significantly affect the accurate measurement of biomarker levels in sweat. Traditionally, machine learning in the biosensing domain is often employed for final data analysis and fitting, but its application in optimizing experimental conditions is less common. In this study, we developed a sensing platform based on Ti₃C₂T_x/Bi₂Se₃ nanoflower-modified screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) for the detection of Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺ in simulated sweat. The sensor demonstrates a broad detection range and relatively low limits of detection (LOD), with a linear detection range of 10–150 ppb and an LOD of 2.88 ppb for Cd²⁺, and a linear detection range of 5–150 ppb and an LOD of 3.45 ppb for Pb²⁺. In addition, an LSBoost–NGO machine-learning framework was employed to model the dependence of the stripping current on key experimental variables and to identify operating conditions that maximize analytical performance. These results demonstrate the potential of Ti₃C₂T_x/Bi₂Se₃/SPCEs combined with machine-learning-guided optimization for sweat-based monitoring of trace heavy metal ion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":259,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 118389"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145975918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A stretchable continuous glucose monitor for skin-conformable wound management","authors":"Binbin Cui ,&nbsp;Ivo Pang ,&nbsp;Shilei Dai,&nbsp;Xiaonan Chen,&nbsp;Dingyao Liu,&nbsp;Xinyu Tian,&nbsp;Wensheng Lin,&nbsp;Jing Bai,&nbsp;Xinran Zhang,&nbsp;Shiming Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2025.118345","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bios.2025.118345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chronic wounds, especially those linked to diabetes, require continuous monitoring and timely interventions to prevent severe complications. The emergence of smart bandages equipped with multifunctional sensors offers a promising avenue to alleviate the burden on healthcare systems while minimizing delays in medical care. However, conventional electrochemical sensors often face limitations, including inadequate detection sensitivity and poor mechanical compatibility with biological tissue, thereby restricting their utility in smart bandages for long-term wound care applications. In this study, we present a stretchable continuous glucose monitor (CGM), based on organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), for chronic wound care. By leveraging the amplification capability and the mechanical properties of stretchable OECTs, this platform achieves both high sensitivity and tissue compatibility. To demonstrate the potential for practical use, the sensors are integrated into a compact, coin-sized wearable readout system, enabling continuous and comfortable wound monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":259,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 118345"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146016872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photoelectrochemical bioimaging of redox events for 3D cultured cells via hematite-based light-addressable electrodes","authors":"Tomoyuki Ogawa ,&nbsp;Ryo Yamatake ,&nbsp;Yusuke Kanno ,&nbsp;Takasi Nisisako ,&nbsp;Yuvaraj M. Hunge ,&nbsp;Kosuke Ino ,&nbsp;Shan Liu ,&nbsp;Chen-Zhong Li ,&nbsp;Tatsuo Yoshinobu ,&nbsp;Hitoshi Shiku ,&nbsp;Hiroya Abe","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118414","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Light-addressable electrochemistry offers a contact-free route to map chemical activity with spatial precision. Bioimaging in three-dimensional (3D) cultures remains challenging under operating conditions dominated by water oxidation. This work establishes hematite (Fe₂O₃) light-addressable electrodes that operate under visible light to image redox events in complex microenvironments. Hydrothermally synthesized hematite films were structurally and photoelectrochemically characterized, revealing a visible absorption edge and favorable band energetics for driving biomolecule oxidation at comparatively low bias. Photoelectrochemical performance was quantified by linear sweep voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry, and chronoamperometry under full-field and focused illumination. Using ferrocenemethanol as a model analyte, bias windows were identified that suppress background oxidation and enable analysis via differential photocurrent. For hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), calibration under full-field illumination yielded a limit of detection of 0.74 μM (R² = 0.96); focused-spot operation preserved spatial resolving power with a limit of detection (LOD) of 2.6 μM, sufficient for biological measurements. A glass-masking evaluation quantified spatial resolution with a full width at half maximum of 120 ± 22 μm, and stability tests showed no significant degradation over 100 illumination cycles. The photoelectrochemical imaging resolved diffusion barriers and concentration gradients around MCF-7 spheroids. The system also quantified localized, enzyme-generated H₂O₂ using glucose oxidase beads with catalase controls that confirmed the reaction mechanism. Importantly, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate stimulation enabled time-resolved visualization of H₂O₂ release from tumor spheroids at micromolar levels. These results position hematite-based photoelectrochemical imaging as a practical, selective, and noninvasive approach for time-dependent chemical mapping in 3D cell models and related bioanalytical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":259,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 118414"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"4D-printed ELISA needle panel meter","authors":"Hsiao-Chu Chiu,&nbsp;Cheng-Kuan Su","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118437","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118437","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is commonly used to detect and quantify antibiotics in food samples. To realize on-site chloramphenicol (CAP) ELISA without any chromogenic or fluorogenic analysis, we utilized the digital light processing four-dimensional printing (4DP) technique and 2,2′-(ethyl enedioxy)diethanethiol (EDT)-incorporated resins to fabricate a panel meter featuring a redox-responsive needle. It exhibited [hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)]-dependent bending when the oxidation of the thioether groups in the copolymer induced imbalanced swelling between the printed EDT-incorporated and nonresponsive layers. We optimized the coating of anti-CAP antibodies on the panel surfaces to perform competitive ELISA. Based on the competition between CAP and CAP-labeled horseradish peroxidase (CAP-HRP), the bound CAP-HRP eliminated the additionally added H₂O₂, resulting in [CAP]-dependent bending of the needle, with a method detection limit of 2.5 pg mL⁻¹. We validated the reliability and applicability of this analytical method by analyzing salmon, shrimp, white meat, pork, honey, and milk samples with their spike analyses and compared the results with those obtained from conventional ELISA, using 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine as a chromogenic substrate and a microplate reader for detection. Our results demonstrate the capability and applicability of 4DP technologies in fabricating smart redox-responsive sensing devices to advance conventional immunochemical assays for on-site quantitative chemical analyses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":259,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 118437"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A DNAzyme-CRISPR cascade strategy for preamplification-free detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis","authors":"Ying Yu ,&nbsp;Jianhong Zhang ,&nbsp;Guoming Xie ,&nbsp;Yu Lin ,&nbsp;Yue Huang ,&nbsp;Chenxin Rao ,&nbsp;Yulei Hou ,&nbsp;Hui Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118428","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118428","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the most fatal infectious diseases worldwide, successful treatment is often limited by insufficient diagnostic capabilities. It creates a pressing need for diagnostic methods that combine high sensitivity, specificity, and operational robustness. In this work, we developed a DNAzyme-CRISPR cascade strategy (Dz-CRISPR) for the specific identification of the <em>IS6110</em> sequence <em>of Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> (MTB). This system integrated a thermodynamically stabilized hairpin probe, an Arch-shaped signal transduction switch, and an allosterically activated CRISPR-Cas12a cascade. The design enabled direct target recognition and subsequent signal amplification without a preamplification step, offering a simplified workflow with enhanced stability. The assay demonstrated a detection limit of 211.3 fM and exhibited high specificity by accurately discriminating the <em>IS6110</em> from specific DNA sequence of non-tuberculous mycobacteria and other common respiratory pathogens. Validation using clinical bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples further confirmed the method's reliable performance, reproducibility, and satisfactory recovery rates. Current Dz-CRISPR detection strategy provides a reliable and practical solution for tuberculosis diagnosis with high sensitivity, high specificity, and operational robustness, thus demonstrating potential for practical use in resource-constrained areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":259,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 118428"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A synthetic gene circuit to convert biochemical signals to electrical signal in engineered sensory bacteria for electrochemical biosensing","authors":"Xinlu Wu ,&nbsp;Tianxiang Wei ,&nbsp;Jingwen Zhang ,&nbsp;Jinming Zhao ,&nbsp;Kai Xu ,&nbsp;Haijia Yu ,&nbsp;Tao Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118391","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118391","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The intracellular gene circuit to transform biochemical signals to an electrical signal is the key for biosensor development to gap the information mismatch at the bio-electric interface, but a qualified gene circuit is difficult to design. In this study, we have shown the construction of an integrated synthetic gene circuit including the nitric oxide (NO)-responsive module and the phenylenediamine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) synthesis module, to (1) equip a less renounced electroactive bacterium (e.g. <em>Escherichia coli</em>) with indirect electron transfer (IET) pathway to enhance electrical signal output, as well as (2) couple the IET gene circuit with the responsive gene circuit to sense small signal molecule, NO. The subsequent oxidation of PCA can be electrochemically quantified by the microelectrode, thereby establishing a signaling pathway from intracellular message to redox mediator, and finally to electrical signal output. In this way, the constructed microbial electrochemical biosensor for intracellular <em>in situ</em> NO analysis at the single-cell level owns high sensitivity, a wide linear detection range (100–2500 nM), and excellent selectivity. Therefore, this work shows an example for developing next-generation electroactive microorganisms (EAMs)-based electrochemical biosensors through synthetic biology tools with tailored and intelligent functionalities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":259,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 118391"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145996804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A structure-optimized BRET biosensor for rapid, dilution-free quantification of high-strength nitrate in wastewater","authors":"Kanglin Zhao ,&nbsp;Hao Bai ,&nbsp;Ziqi Sha ,&nbsp;Xinpeng Hu ,&nbsp;Yan Zhang ,&nbsp;Xuxiang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) biosensor was developed for rapid, dilution-free quantification of high-strength nitrate in wastewater. The sensor integrates the <em>Escherichia coli</em> nitrate receptor NarX with a high-brightness NLuc/VenusΔC10 reported pair and was optimized by computationally guided mutagenesis (NarXV138W), structure-informed terminal truncation, and assay parameter tuning. The optimized construct, VenusΔC12–N5NarXV138WΔC3–ΔN4NLuc, enabled accurate quantification from 0.0781 to 2.5710 g/L (as N) with a four-parameter logistic fit (R² = 0.999) and a ΔBRET of 0.28 after ∼500 s equilibration. Measurements proceeded under mild aqueous conditions and showed strong agreement with UV–visible spectrophotometry in both simulated and real water samples, eliminating the need for extensive dilution. Circular dichroism and mass spectrometry analyses revealed nitrate-dependent structural changes that are supportive of ligand-induced signaling mechanisms. To our knowledge, this represents the first BRET-based biosensing platform tailored to industrial-range nitrate detection, offering a simple, ratiometric, and reagent-efficient approach suitable for <em>in situ</em> monitoring of industrial and municipal effluents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":259,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 118434"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146049805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Light-addressable sandwich photoelectrochemical immunosensor array and lateral flow immunoassays with self-calibration using quantum dots-sensitized and porphyrin-engineered MOFs for accurate detection of amyloid β-proteins","authors":"Louqun Wang ,&nbsp;Jingge Niu ,&nbsp;Xiaoli Chen ,&nbsp;Yun Zhu ,&nbsp;Xiaohong Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118424","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118424","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques, making Aβ a crucial biomarker for early diagnosis. In this study, we developed a novel light-addressable sandwich photoelectrochemical (PEC) immunosensor array for the detection of Aβ42, aiming to enhance diagnostic methods for AD. The array utilized cadmium telluride quantum dot-sensitized UiO-66 (U@C) as the sensing matrix and PCN-224@ZnIn₂S₄ nanoflower heterojunctions (P@Z) as immunoprobes, enabling multiplexed detection through laser pen activation on a single FTO electrode with a self-calibration method to minimize background noise and baseline drift. The assay required 60 min for incubation steps before detection; however, with 11 simultaneous detection points, it significantly reduced batch processing time and enhanced practicality. For point-of-care applications, we also developed a PEC-lateral flow immunoassay (PEC-LFIA) test strip that allowed for real-time, quantitative detection of Aβ42 with only 15 min of incubation required for testing. Both platforms effectively detected Aβ42 in PBS, artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and human plasma at concentrations ranging from fg/mL to ng/mL. Notably, sensitivity in human plasma was five times greater than that in artificial CSF. The PEC array achieved detection limits of 19.5 fg/mL in CSF and 3.1 fg/mL in plasma, while the PEC-LFIA strip demonstrated limits of 17.8 fg/mL in CSF and 3.1 fg/mL in human plasma. These advancements significantly reduced patient burden and brought us closer to utilizing a single drop of blood for monitoring brain aging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":259,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 118424"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated sample-in-result-out microfluidic biosensor for rapid ultrasensitive detection of Salmonella typhimurium using electromagnetically actuated aptamer-conjugated magnetic bead chains","authors":"Lemin Yu ,&nbsp;Jingyi Wang ,&nbsp;Shoukun Lin ,&nbsp;Wenzhe Lu ,&nbsp;Quan Li ,&nbsp;Yubo Shi ,&nbsp;Jingfu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118422","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118422","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Salmonella typhimurium</em> (<em>S</em>. <em>typhimurium</em>)-induced contamination is emerging as a severe threat to food safety. Therefore, rapid and sensitive detection of <em>S. typhimurium</em> is urgently required. Conventional detection methodologies exhibit persistent limitations. The combination of microfluidic chips with magnetic beads (MBs) for isolating bacteria such as <em>S. typhimurium</em> has emerged as a prominent research focus. However, flexible and tunable magnetic field control methods for optimizing MB chain formation and enhancing the capture efficiency of the target bacteria are lacking. We developed a microfluidic fluorescent biosensor to achieve an efficient on-site detection of <em>S. typhimurium</em> using magnetic bead (MB) chains for continuous-flow electromagnetic separation, a dual-aptamer recognition method for specifically labeling <em>S. typhimurium</em>, and a customized smartphone-based real-time fluorescence system for quantitative detection. Aptamer-conjugated MBs in the separation channel were distributed into high-density bead chains in a high-intensity gradient magnetic field generated by an electromagnetic actuation module. The samples continuously flew through the separation channel, in which the target bacteria were specifically captured by aptamer-conjugated MBs. Aptamer-functionalized fluorescent labels were passed through the separation channel to form bacteria–MB–fluorescent label complexes for quantitative detection. Under optimal conditions, the microfluidic biosensor completed sample-in-result-out detection within 30 min, with a detection limit of 2 colony-forming unit/mL for <em>S</em>. <em>typhimurium</em>. This biosensor can be potentially applied for detecting food pathogens, making it suitable for supervising food production and monitoring catering hygiene.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":259,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 118422"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}