Biosensors and Bioelectronics最新文献

{"title":"One-pot dual-toehold RCA-Cas12a biosensor driven by a preassembled three-arm toehold-gated DNA template for sequence-selective miRNA liquid biopsy.","authors":"Jueun Han, Yejin Song, Uk Ko, Seong Uk Son, Eun-Kyung Lim, Eunjung Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.119170","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.119170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in blood are promising liquid biopsy biomarkers, yet their short length, low abundance, and high intra-family homology hinder sensitive and specific detection. Combining rolling circle amplification (RCA) with CRISPR-Cas12a enables isothermal detection, but existing methods typically depend on auxiliary enzymes or in-assay ligation and rarely encode sequence discrimination within the template itself. Here, we report a one-pot dual-toehold RCA (dtRCA)-Cas12a biosensor driven by a preassembled three-arm toehold-gated (3TG) DNA template for ultrasensitive and selective miRNA detection. The 3TG template adopts a three-arm dumbbell conformation, eliminating the need for a ligase during the assay, and presents two target-complementary toehold domains with a Cas12a-recognition sequence. Target binding triggers strand displacement, initiating dtRCA via a single polymerase. The resulting amplicons activate Cas12a trans-cleavage for fluorescence or lateral flow assay (LFA) readouts. Crucially, a single-base mismatch within the toehold suppressed amplification, whereas a topology-matched circular template lacking the toehold gate failed to distinguish the target, demonstrating that selectivity arises from the template structure. The one-pot dtRCA-Cas12a system achieved attomolar sensitivity, detecting miR-21, miR-375, and let-7a at 2.5, 114.9, and 8.0 aM, respectively. The paper-based LFA maintained femtomolar sensitivity and enabled an instrument-light readout. In plasma, this platform discriminated breast cancer patients (n = 17) from healthy donors (n = 10) with AUC values of 0.97-0.98. Three-marker classification demonstrated robust performance in leave-one-out cross-validation and correctly classified 30 samples in an independent validation cohort, showing performance comparable to RT-qPCR. By embedding selectivity into a preassembled template, this 3TG-driven dtRCA-Cas12a platform provides a highly sensitive and specific strategy for multi-marker miRNA analysis with simplified readout.</p>","PeriodicalId":259,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"313 ","pages":"119170"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148860318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"U-shaped Sagnac optical microfiber coupler biosensor for dual-matrix glucose detection.","authors":"Yibin Zhu, Hongyan Xia, Kang Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.119160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.119160","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A high-performance glucose biosensor based on a U-shaped Sagnac optical microfiber coupler (OMC) functionalized with a polyethylene glycol/chitosan-glucose oxidase (PEG/CS-GOD) composite coating is presented. The sensor is designed by integrating the Sagnac interferometer's common-mode noise rejection with the U-shaped microfiber's strong evanescent field, effectively addressing environmental instability in micro-structured optical sensors, while the multifunctional coating simultaneously provides antifouling properties, biocompatibility, and enzymatic specificity. The sensor exhibits a high refractive index sensitivity of ∼1717 nm/RIU, glucose sensitivities of 3.17 and 3.09 nm mL·mg^-1 for two interference dips with excellent linearity (R² > 0.99), a detection limit of 0.224 mg/mL, and a response time of 13 s in simulated urine. Operational stability is demonstrated by minimal hysteresis error (<2%), approximately 81% response retention over 14 days, and satisfactory selectivity against key interferents at physiologically relevant concentrations. Consistent performance in simulated urine (3.03 nm mL·mg^-1) and artificial serum (3.03 nm mL·mg^-1) confirms dual-matrix detection capability. A dual-dip demodulation matrix enables real-time temperature compensation. With its balanced combination of high sensitivity, rapid response, long-term stability, and dual-matrix compatibility, this biosensor represents a promising platform for future point-of-care glucose detection.</p>","PeriodicalId":259,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"313 ","pages":"119160"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148862898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxygen vacancies-induced dual-interface modulation for TiO₂/BiOI-based photoelectrochemical biosensor of urinary cancer markers.","authors":"Yanmei Xin, Yuanyuan Zhang, Ruiting Zhang, Haizi Yao, Zhenglin Zhang, Huichuan Yu, Xianwei Yang, Zhuo Wang, Yuqing Miao, Hui Lin, Zhonghai Zhang, Dan Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.119172","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.119172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-invasive urine-based cancer biomarker detection holds significant clinical value in cancer screening, treatment efficacy monitoring, recurrence warning, and auxiliary diagnosis. To address the issues of poor sensitivity and selectivity in photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensing for the detection of cancer biomarkers in urine, oxygen vacancies (OVs)-induced dual-interface modulation strategy is proposed for constructing a TiO₂/BiOI-based PEC sensor. The introduction of OVs not only induces the in-situ formation of bismuth nanoparticles at the solid-solid interface but also generates positive surface charge at the solid-liquid interface, which promotes the formation of the Z-scheme heterojunction and the modification with a negatively charged anti-fouling polymer layer (C-PEG), thereby effectively enhancing the photoelectric conversion efficiency and antifouling performance of the PEC sensor. Meanwhile, functionalization with aptamers further improves its selectivity. Leveraging the synergistic effects of the Z-scheme, anti-fouling polymer layers, and aptamers, the developed PEC sensor achieves highly sensitive and selective detection of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), with a linear relationship in the range of 1.0 pg/mL∼150.0 ng/mL, and a detection limit of 0.3 pg/mL (LOD = 3s/k). In addition, the sensor successfully measures AFP levels in serum and urine samples from healthy individuals and hepatocellular carcinoma patients, and statistical analysis reveals a strong correlation between the serum and urinary AFP concentrations (r = 0.934, P < 0.001, n = 9). These findings indicate the preliminary feasibility of the proposed PEC sensor for non-invasive urine-based AFP detection, which may provide insights for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":259,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"313 ","pages":"119172"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148862911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PHANTOM platform integrating photothermal PCR and swCNT-FET for rapid molecular diagnostics.","authors":"Jingrui Wu, Da Eun Oh, Hyunju Cho, Jiwoong Son, Hua Mi, Hong-Seog Park, Yung-Kang Peng, Jwa-Min Nam, Tae Hyun Kim, Jung-Hoon Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.119088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.119088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plasmonic photothermal polymerase chain reaction (PPT-PCR) is a nucleic acid amplification technique that utilizes the localized surface plasmon resonance effect of plasmonic nanomaterials under the irradiation of light with specific wavelengths to achieve rapid thermal cycling. PPT-PCR is considered as a next-generation PCR technique due to the potential to be applied to the development of point-of-care diagnostics and the fast, sensitive and accurate detection performance. In this study, we present PHANTOM, a proof-of-concept system that functionally integrates plasmonic photothermal PCR, magnetic nanoparticle removal, and swCNT-FET-based label-free electrical readout for rapid molecular diagnostics. The swCNT-FET sensor exhibits high sensitivity, capable of detecting low concentrations of target nucleic acids within minutes after PPT-PCR amplification. Besides, to improve the specificity of the assay, we introduce a hairpin structured primer to generate amplicons with an external single-strand tail that can hybridize with probes modified on the swCNT-FET sensor. With this design, an estimated limit of detection of 1.5 aM (experimentally validated down to 10 aM) was achieved within 20 min.</p>","PeriodicalId":259,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"312 ","pages":"119088"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2026-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148676614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robust and reusable iridium oxide-modified FTO electrodes for long-term organ-on-a-chip monitoring.","authors":"Kaige Chen, Fan Zhuo, Changling Lv, Zeyu Chen, Xiang Chen, Han Shan","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118982","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118982","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Real-time monitoring in organ-on-a-chip (OoC) systems is critical for capturing dynamic drug responses, yet standard gold (Au) electrodes utilized in electrical cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) suffer from opacity, high cost, and poor reusability. Here, we report a transparent, robust, and reusable sensing interface based on iridium oxide-modified fluorine-doped tin oxide (IrOx@FTO). By electrodepositing nanostructured IrOx onto FTO, we exploited its pseudocapacitive properties to significantly improve interfacial properties, enhancing sensitivity while preserving optical clarity. We integrated these electrodes into a 128-channel high-throughput platform to monitor HaCaT keratinocytes. The system successfully resolved acute surfactant-induced barrier disruption and differentiated dose-dependent cytotoxic responses to doxorubicin (DOX) with higher precision than bare FTO. Crucially, cycling tests involving repeated culture and cleaning revealed that IrOx@FTO maintains exceptional baseline stability, significantly outperforming gold electrodes which exhibited severe degradation and delamination. This work establishes a scalable, optically compatible, and cost-effective strategy for long-term, multi-modal monitoring in advanced microphysiological systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":259,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"311 ","pages":"118982"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148403031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to \"Fully-printed microneedles meet plants: a pathway towards easy-to-use NFC monitoring of total ionic conductivity in precision agriculture\" [Biosens. Bioelectron. 306 (2026) 118667].","authors":"Dominik Baraniecki, Giulio Rosati, Amelia Miarka, Jakub Krzeminski, Carme Martínez-Domingo, Malgorzata Jakubowska, Eloi Ramon, Arben Merkoçi","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118865","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118865","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":259,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":" ","pages":"118865"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148161331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliable biomarker monitoring at microneedle aptamer biosensors using a dual-frequency ratiometric approach: Overcoming signal drifts.","authors":"Gyeongho Kim, Ponnusamy Nandhakumar, Maria Reynoso, Qinyu Yu, Muhammad Inam Khan, Barak Sabbagh, Ga-Eun Kim, Beatrice Acot, Rhea Park, Stacey Surace, Joseph Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118989","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118989","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Electrochemical aptamer-based (E-AB) microneedle (MN) sensors offer a promising route for continuous monitoring of endogenous biomarkers. However, long-term operation is often limited by signal attenuation arising from surface biofouling, aptamer detachment, and redox label degradation. Here, we investigated the origin of signal drift by monitoring changes in the peak current (I_P) of the redox label during prolonged square-wave voltammetry (SWV) operation in PBS, serum, and artificial ISF. To address this drift, we introduced a dual-frequency ratiometric approach based on the ratio between the I_P measured at frequencies showing maximum (F_max) and minimum (F_min) responses. Prolonged SWV measurements in PBS, where biofouling is negligible, showed a gradual decrease in I_P, and cyclic voltammetry measurements obtained before and after SWV operation confirmed a decrease in the MB faradaic current. These results suggest that SWV-induced aptamer detachment and/or MB degradation are major source of intrinsic signal drift. In serum and artificial ISF, this drift was further exacerbated by biofouling, resulting in an approximately 30% decrease in I_P measured at F_max and F_min (IF_max and IF_min) over 48 h. In contrast, the ratiometric signal (I_R = IF_max/IF_min), remained stable because similar signal drift in IF_max and IF_min was effectively compensated. In addition, the ratiometric approach reduced sensor-to-sensor variation, enabling reliable continuous cortisol monitoring with quantified concentrations that closely matched the applied levels, whereas IF_max-based quantification resulted in large deviations. These findings establish dual-frequency ratiometric E-AB MN sensors as a reliable platform for stable and accurate continuous biomarker monitoring in complex biological fluids.</p>","PeriodicalId":259,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"311 ","pages":"118989"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148395387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-Tube RPA-CRISPR-Cas13a assay with rational design for single-molecule detection of waterborne viruses in drinking water treatment.","authors":"Fan Wang, Changhua He, Yingzi Lin, Xiaohong Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118983","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118983","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global rise in waterborne viral infections has created an urgent need for portable, highly efficient environmental virus detection technologies. CRISPR-based nucleic acid detection coupled with isothermal amplification (e.g., Recombinase Polymerase Amplification, RPA) shows great promise for field applications. However, most reported designs fail to achieve the single-molecule sensitivity, which significantly limits their practical applications. To bridge the gap, we proposed a rational design strategy for the RPA primer and the CRISPR-Cas13a crRNA, suggesting that sensitivity can be enhanced by simplifying the secondary structure of the crRNA spacer region. Subsequently, we established a portable, one-tube CRISPR-Cas13a bioassay to detect two major waterborne viruses, achieving ultrasensitive detection limits of 5/8 aM for norovirus and 2/3 aM for rotavirus within 40 min. Thereafter, seasonal sampling across different treatment stages of a drinking water treatment plant was conducted, and water samples were analyzed using the one-tube CRISPR-Cas13a bioassay in comparison with qPCR and dPCR, revealing a positive detection rate of 15.79% (6/38) for the one-tube CRISPR-Cas13a bioassay, 18.42% (7/38) for qPCR, and 15.79% (6/38) for dPCR. The assay's modular design allows for broad applicability to other pathogens by simply modifying the target nucleic acid sequence, offering high sensitivity and specificity. This innovation paves the way for deployable point-of-care testing and large-scale spatiotemporal virus monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":259,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"311 ","pages":"118983"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148389703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A real-time 5-hydroxytryptamine monitoring system applicable both in vitro and in vivo.","authors":"Liu-Hong Yang, Shi-Chun Ren, Jia-Feng Wang, Ge Dai, Feng-Feng Mo","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118954","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118954","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research addresses the challenge of real-time monitoring of the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT), a key chemical messenger in the brain whose dynamics are important for understanding neurological disorders. While electrochemical methods are promising for such real-time detection, existing approaches face limitations in maintaining stable performance in physiological settings and achieving precise spatiotemporal measurements. To overcome these barriers, two electrochemical systems were developed: one for monitoring 5-HT secretion from cells and another for tracking 5-HT in the mouse brain. By enhancing electrodes with specific nanocomposites to improve sensitivity and selectivity, the cell system successfully analyzed real-time 5-HT secretion dynamics from rat insulinoma cells with performance comparable to standard methods. The neural interface system effectively tracked 5-HT fluctuations across multiple brain regions in living mice and detected changes induced by external interventions. These platforms enable real-time tracking of 5-HT dynamics both in cells and in living organisms, demonstrating significant potential for studies requiring real-time neurotransmitter monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":259,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"311 ","pages":"118954"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148395345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Propylene carbonate-PVDF-HFP/MXene-based self-powered biosensor for auxiliary detection of salivary exosomal miRNA-155 in pediatric asthma.","authors":"Tiantian Sun, Fangyan Ji, Zhenrun Li, Qiang Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118984","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118984","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study developed a novel integrated self-powered biosensor for non-invasive auxiliary detection of pediatric asthma-associated miRNA-155. A flexible self-supporting electrode based on a propylene carbonate-PVDF-HFP/MXene composite was developed and implemented in an enzymatic biofuel cell self-powered sensing system. PVDF-HFP displayed excellent chemical stability and strong film-forming ability and MXene worked as electroactive materials in the self-supporting electrode substrate. The anode of the self-powered biosensor was prepared with Au NPs-decorated cobalt-nickel layered double hydroxide, which effectively enhanced electron transfer between enzymes and electrode to improve power output. Meanwhile, the cathode was designed based on [Ru(NH₃)₆]³⁺ as efficient electron acceptors. As a result, the glucose oxidation reaction at the anode and the reduction of [Ru(NH₃)₆]³⁺ at the cathode generated a measurable open-circuit voltage (E^OCV), which was real-time recorded through smartphone integration. The development of self-powered biosensor overcame the limitations of the low power output, functional layer detachment, and active site deactivation. The established integrated self-powered biosensing system successfully quantified salivary exosomal miRNA-155 across a broad concentration range (0.001-10,000 pM) with a detection limit of 0.21 fM. This work constructed a robust and portable platform suitable for non-invasive auxiliary detection of pediatric asthma, demonstrating promising applications in liquid biopsy.</p>","PeriodicalId":259,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"311 ","pages":"118984"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148395367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}