Biosensors and Bioelectronics最新文献

{"title":"Classification of liver tissue pathological changes via optical biopsy based on refractive index sensing","authors":"Kacper Cierpiak ,&nbsp;Sebastián García-Galán ,&nbsp;Jakub Czubek ,&nbsp;Rafal Urniaz ,&nbsp;Małgorzata Szczerska","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118508","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118508","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optical biopsy enables minimally invasive, quantitative tissue assessment, yet clinically useful implementations require rapid and objective decision-making from compact sensors. We present a refractive-index (RI) driven classification framework based on reflection spectra acquired with an extrinsic fiber-optic Fabry–Pérot interferometric cavity (280 μm) over the biologically relevant RI range 1.33–1.42. Three proxy classes (“healthy”, “HCC-like”, “metastatic”) were defined using literature-guided RI windows for liver tissue, and measurements were performed on certified reference liquids. As a physics-only reference, RI was estimated analytically from fringe periodicity in the wavenumber domain, achieving 0.70 accuracy and 0.48 macro-F1. To enhance discrimination, we engineered 62 spectral descriptors capturing fringe spacing (RI-related), fringe visibility, and spectral-shape cues, and trained tree-ensemble and SVM models together with an interpretable GA-optimized fuzzy expert system. On a held-out test set, tree ensembles reached macro-F1 = 1.00, while SVM and the fuzzy system achieved 0.96 and 0.97, respectively. Feature attribution identified RI as the dominant discriminative signal, with visibility-related metrics improving robustness near the HCC-like boundary. These results demonstrate that ML-augmented fiber-optic interferometry can deliver accurate and explainable diagnostic signatures, supporting the translational potential of RI-based optical biopsy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":259,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 118508"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146177040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in wearable biophysical sensors for continuous muscle monitoring","authors":"Runjia Zheng ,&nbsp;Haihua Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118463","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118463","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Continuous muscle monitoring is paramount for revealing the dynamics of neuromuscular behaviors including fatigue kinetics, muscle recruitment, coordination strategies, and movement adaptations. This capability is fundamental for advancing neurorehabilitation, injury prevention and human-machine interfaces. Importantly, the drive towards wearable muscle sensors is rapidly expanding the feasibility and scope of continuous monitoring applications. This paper highlights recent advancements in wearable muscle sensors spanning electrical, biomechanical, acoustic, and optical sensing domains. Innovations in soft materials and flexible electronics have enabled the development of skin-conformal sensors achieving high-fidelity signal capture. We demonstrate significant advances including enhanced surface electromyography (sEMG) electrodes, ultra-sensitive strain/pressure sensors for muscle deformation monitoring, miniaturized wearable ultrasound transducers for deep-tissue imaging, and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) devices for muscle oxygenation monitoring. We also examine representative multimodal integrations of these modalities, providing the possibility for unprecedented, comprehensive assessment of muscle function. The challenges and prospects are further put forward, including stable skin–sensor interfaces, energy autonomy for continuous operation, accurate decoding of complex multimodal signals, seamless integration with artificial intelligence (AI)-driven analytics and active intervention. This study provides a comprehensive framework for continuous muscle monitoring techniques, and thus paves the way for advancing clinical diagnostics, rehabilitation, and human-machine interaction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":259,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 118463"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146177111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intramolecular entropy-driven amplifier assembled on a DNA octahedron enables rapid imaging of dual cancer-related long noncoding RNAs","authors":"Xiao-fei Liu ,&nbsp;Huimin Yuan ,&nbsp;Jun Lu ,&nbsp;Fei Ma ,&nbsp;Chun-yang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a category of pivotal transcriptional regulators, and their dysregulation is correlated with various cancers. The reaction rate of traditional entropy-driven catalysis (EDC) relies on the diffusion of free reactants, resulting in slow reaction kinetics. Herein, we engineer an intramolecular entropy-driven amplifier assembled on a DNA octahedron for rapid imaging of dual cancer-related lncRNAs. In this amplifier, the DNA octahedron strategically incorporates six different functional modules on each of its six vertices. The six functional modules can be divided into three groups, including two binding modules for tumor cell capture, two recognition modules for lncRNA identification, and two amplification modules for fuel-strand-driven signal amplification. The engineering of the DNA octahedron not only integrates all functional modules into a single molecular scaffold, but also provides abundant sites for the simultaneous detection of dual cancer-related lncRNAs. This integration can effectively accelerate the reaction kinetics due to the spatial confinement effect of the DNA octahedron. The assay can be completed within 80 min, and achieves limits of detection (LOD) of 0.66 fM for the MALAT1 assay and 0.93 fM for the HOTAIR assay. Moreover, it enables not only single-cell quantification and accurate discrimination of MALAT1 and HOTAIR in cancerous and normal breast tissues, but also rapid imaging of dual lncRNAs in living cells. This proof-of-concept work shows promising potential in clinical diagnostics and postoperative monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":259,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 118477"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146147295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering a self-sufficient ECL system: Oxygen-vacancy-driven O2 generation and nanozyme confinement for bioanalysis","authors":"Nastaran Arab ,&nbsp;Morteza Hosseini ,&nbsp;Guobao Xu ,&nbsp;Hodjattallah Rabbani","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118491","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118491","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oxygen vacancies in nonnoble metal nanocatalysts, while extensively explored for oxygen evolution reactions (OER), have rarely been harnessed for electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensing. In this work, we report the rational construction of a novel Fe–Co–CeO₂@Ti₃C₂(OH)₂ heterostructure, incorporating Fe–Co dual active sites and abundant oxygen vacancies, through an energy-free co-deposition strategy for efficient OER under near-neutral conditions. Notably, Fe–Co–CeO₂@Ti₃C₂(OH)₂ heterostructure not only enhances OER activity but also the oxygen vacancy enriched CeO₂ nanoparticles of the heterostructure facilitate superoxide radical (O₂•^-) generation within the luminol system in the absence of conventional co-reactants (e.g., H₂O₂ or dissolved O₂). In addition, FeCo-NH₂-BDC was employed as a signaling probe, whose intrinsic oxidase mimetic activity catalyzes O₂ to O₂•^-, further amplifying the ECL response. By integrating these multiple amplification pathways, we developed a novel biosensing platform for the highly sensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The ECL signals were quantified using both a photomultiplier tube (PMT) and a smartphone based visual readout, achieving linear response ranges of 10 pg mL⁻¹–25 ng mL⁻¹ (LOD: 6.35 pg mL⁻¹) and 35 pg mL⁻¹–50 ng mL⁻¹ (LOD: 12.42 pg mL⁻¹), respectively. This work provides a powerful approach for high performance bioanalysis and offers a promising avenue toward the development of ultrasensitive, user friendly diagnostic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":259,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 118491"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146177102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CuxS@SRB bionanohybrid for ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of coenzyme F420: a specific biomarker for Methanogenic archaea","authors":"Xueqi Hu ,&nbsp;You Xu ,&nbsp;Xiaoling Liu ,&nbsp;Mengna Dong ,&nbsp;Airong Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiawei Dai ,&nbsp;Zhuo Huang ,&nbsp;Davide Raffaele Ceratti ,&nbsp;Hongfang Liu ,&nbsp;Guangfang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118505","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118505","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Methanogenic archaea play a vital role in global methane emission as well as corrosion of oil and gas field equipment. A real-time detection of methanogenic archaea is pivotal for predicting methane (CH₄) emission and providing an early warning of microbiological corrosion. While traditional detection methods often take extensive processing time and yield inaccurate results, here, we developed a rapid electrochemical bionanohybrid sensor of the specific coenzyme F₄₂₀ of the methanogenic archea, by <em>in-situ</em> growth of copper sulfide (Cu_xS) nanoparticles on electroactive sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in incubation culture. A negatively linear relationship between electroreduction current density and F₄₂₀ concentration over Cu_xS@SRB bionanohybrid was found in an ultrawide range of 0.01-1000 nM with an ultralow detection limit of 2.8 pM (S/N = 3). The bionanohybrid exhibited strong robustness against interference by pH variations, temperature changes and other chemicals. We explain the excellent electrochemical sensing through a specific chemisorption due to a Lewis acid-base interaction between Cu⁺ of Cu_xS and nitrogen centers in coenzyme F₄₂₀. The nanohybrid sensor enabled direct quantification of <em>M. maripaludis</em> between 10⁰-10⁷ CFU/mL with a detection limit of 1.8 CFU/mL with a 96.65-103.90% recovery in real pond. This study establishes a new paradigm for rapid detection of methanogenic archaea by exploiting electroactive microorganisms which construct high-performance bionanohybrid electrochemical sensor. This approach offers a broad application in methane emission, carbon cycle analysis, and microbial corrosion early warning systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":259,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 118505"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-cycle signal amplification on an Au@CeO2-x/Bi2MoO6 platform: Toward an ultrasensitive and enzyme-free sandwich immunosensor for CA125 in clinical diagnostics","authors":"Minjie Yang ,&nbsp;Meina Feng ,&nbsp;Ling Zha ,&nbsp;Xi Liu ,&nbsp;Yuanhui Ma ,&nbsp;Ying Huang ,&nbsp;Ruizhuo Ouyang ,&nbsp;Dong Sun ,&nbsp;Yuqing Miao ,&nbsp;Baolin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118511","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118511","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The early detection of ovarian cancer biomarkers is essential for effective diagnosis, calling for highly sensitive and reliable immunosensing platforms. In this work, we present a dual-cycle amplified sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of Carbohydrate Antigen 125 (CA125), a key biomarker of ovarian cancer. The sensing platform was fabricated by immobilizing the primary antibody (Ab1) on a glassy carbon electrode modified with Au@GO-Chi-Fc nanocomposite. A catalytic probe was prepared by conjugating the secondary antibody (Ab2) with gold nanoparticles anchored on Ce-doped Bi₂MoO₆ nanoflowers (Au@CeO_2-x/Bi₂MoO₆). These probes efficiently catalyze the reduction of p-nitrophenol (p-NP) to p-aminophenol (p-AP), which subsequently triggers an electrocatalytic chemical (ECC) redox cycling reaction with NaBH₄, leading to significant signal amplification. This enzyme-free strategy provides the immunosensor with an ultra-wide linear range (0.0005–100 U mL⁻¹) and an ultralow detection limit (0.00049 U mL⁻¹), enabling accurate quantification of CA125 in diverse human serum samples. Moreover, the immunosensor demonstrates high selectivity, excellent reproducibility, and stable performance over 18 days, underscoring its robustness and clinical potential for the detection of trace CA125 in complex biological matrices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":259,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 118511"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in peptide nucleic acid-based sensors and antisense therapeutics: Surface immobilization on planar gold substrates","authors":"Birgit Meindl ,&nbsp;Katharina Pfennigbauer ,&nbsp;Agnes Lenz,&nbsp;Stephanie Müllauer,&nbsp;Brigitte Holzer","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) are synthetic analogues of nucleic acids featuring a neutral peptide-backbone that provides exceptional stability and resistance to enzymatic degradation. They are highly specific towards complementary DNA or RNA sequences rendering them ideal capture probes for sensitive and selective biosensing. The uncharged backbone minimizes nonspecific interactions and reduces background noise in bioelectronic devices, thereby improving signal-to-noise ratios. The precise immobilization of PNAs on gold substrates allows the development of real-time, label-free electrochemical and optical sensors. Parameters – such as immobilization strategy, concentration, temperature, substrate morphology – that strongly influences the surface probe density and ultimately play key roles in the sensor's performance are discussed within this review.</div><div>Furthermore, this review highlights current strategies for tuning planar gold-based PNA sensors and outlines how nucleic acid sensor technologies can be leveraged to evaluate emerging PNA-based antisense oligonucleotides. Given the relevance of PNA derivatives in therapeutic oligonucleotide development, it further shows how sensor platforms can be used to assess and improve the design and binding kinetics of new PNA antisense drug candidates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":259,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 118481"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In situ mapping of HSA reabsorption by a NIR fluorogenic sensor as a practical phenotypic assay for nephroprotective drug discovery","authors":"Yufan Fan ,&nbsp;Bei Zhao ,&nbsp;Ya Zhang ,&nbsp;Pingjin Xie ,&nbsp;Lele Liu ,&nbsp;Xuerui Wang ,&nbsp;Guanghao Zhu ,&nbsp;Zhaobin Guo ,&nbsp;Fangyuan Wang ,&nbsp;Qiang Jin ,&nbsp;Jing Hu ,&nbsp;Guangbo Ge","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The impaired reabsorption of kidney tubules is a critical early event in drug-induced kidney injury (DIKI), making real-time monitoring of human serum albumin (HSA) endocytosis essential for assessing renal function and screening nephroprotective agents. Inspired by the specific warfarin-HSA interactions, a novel coumarin-derived near-infrared (NIR) fluorogenic sensor, <strong>NCBP</strong>, was engineered based on a twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) mechanism. Under physiological conditions, <strong>NCBP</strong> rapidly and stably bound to subdomain IIA of HSA with 1:1 stoichiometry, triggering a 79-fold fluorescence enhancement at 665 nm. <strong>NCBP</strong> integrated multiple advantages for detecting HSA, including instantaneous response, high physicochemical stability, ultrahigh sensitivity, and excellent selectivity. Furthermore, <strong>NCBP</strong> enabled <em>in situ</em> spatiotemporal imaging of HSA reabsorption in living nephrocytes and renal tissues, which was then used for screening nephroprotective agents to mitigate cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity (CINT). Nobiletin (NOB) and 4’,7-dimethoxyisoflavone (DIF) were identified as promising lead compounds capable of restoring renal uptake function and mitigating cisplatin-induced oxidative stress. In CINT mice, both NOB and DIF significantly improved renal function and attenuated tubular injury, confirming their nephroprotective potentials. Collectively, a TICT-based NIR sensor was developed for <em>in situ</em> imaging of HSA reabsorption, offering a robust phenotypic platform for spatiotemporal mapping of cellular HSA trafficking and discovering nephroprotective agents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":259,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 118490"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attogram per milliliter detection of prostate cancer biomarker using polymer dots-based electrolyte-gated organic field-effect transistor","authors":"Samira Mansouri Majd ,&nbsp;Fatemeh Mirzapour ,&nbsp;Mojtaba Shamsipur ,&nbsp;Ziba Nematifar","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Early detection of biomarkers in body fluids plays a critical role in the diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer, the second most common cancer in men. In this study, we synthesized novel semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots) to serve as the channel material in electrolyte-gated organic field-effect transistors (EGOFET) for the ultrasensitive detection of PSA antigen, a key cancer biomarker. To fabricate the active channel material, Pdots were drop-cast onto the FET surface, and the surface was subsequently functionalized with PSA antibodies. The Pdot EGOFET immunosensor demonstrated the ability to detect PSA antigen across a concentration range of 10 ag/mL to 10 ng/mL, with a significant decrease in drain current (I_ds) and a high sensitivity of 0.9097 μA/decade. The sensor exhibited a limit of detection (LOD) of 3.0 ag/mL. Furthermore, the Pdot EGOFET immunosensor displayed remarkable electrical characteristics, including a mobility of 0.029 cm²V⁻¹s⁻¹, an on/off current ratio of 22.66, and a subthreshold swing (SS) of 909.1 mV/decade. Additionally, the sensor demonstrated excellent selectivity, with its performance being compared favorably to an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting PSA in spiked human serum samples. The positive and promising results of this study indicate that the developed Pdot EGOFET immunosensor holds significant potential as a highly effective platform for cancer diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":259,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 118476"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146147296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Area-selective assembly of cell membrane/Ti3C2Tx MXene nanocomposites for biomimetic electrochemical detection","authors":"Hongrae Kim ,&nbsp;Yonghwan Kim ,&nbsp;Jaeheung Kim ,&nbsp;Hyunji Kim ,&nbsp;Jae Won Jang ,&nbsp;Seungmin Lee ,&nbsp;Hyo Gi Jung ,&nbsp;Jae Hyun Kim ,&nbsp;Junho Bang ,&nbsp;Ji Sung Yoon ,&nbsp;Jeong Hoon Lee ,&nbsp;Dongsung Park ,&nbsp;Dae Sung Yoon ,&nbsp;Kyo Seon Hwang","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118507","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118507","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cell membrane (CM) coating technology offers a promising strategy for developing biomimetic electronics, leveraging native cellular functionalities such as antifouling properties and receptor-mediated specificity. However, achieving uniform and stable CM deposition within precisely defined regions remains a significant challenge. Here, we present an area-selective CM coating approach that confines A549 lung carcinoma cells-derived membranes (AM) to photolithographically defined Ti₃C₂T_x MXene micropatterns. The hydrophilic surface of Ti₃C₂T_x, enriched with hydroxyl groups, promotes strong electrostatic interactions with the phospholipid headgroups, enabling the formation of a uniform and continuous MXene-directed CM coating. Fluorescence microscopy shows that AM coatings on MXene films effectively suppress nonspecific protein adsorption while preserving highly specific, receptor-mediated binding of SARS-CoV-2 from clinical samples via endogenous angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors. Based on these features, we further integrated this biomimetic interface into an electrochemical biosensor by confining the MXene and AM layers to the working electrode. The AM-coated sensors exhibited excellent sensitivity for the S1 subunit of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, achieving a detection limit of 132 pM with high selectivity against various interfering molecules. Furthermore, the AM-on-MXene sensor successfully discriminated SARS-CoV-2 positive clinical samples from healthy controls, highlighting its clinical applicability. These results demonstrate a robust and scalable strategy for integrating biological membranes with 2D conductive nanomaterials, significantly broadening the potential of biointerface engineering in advanced bioelectronics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":259,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 118507"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146147298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}