Biosensors and Bioelectronics最新文献

{"title":"Identification of glycosylation-related changes in migratory and mechanical properties of bladder cancer cells","authors":"Marcin Luty ,&nbsp;Renata Szydlak ,&nbsp;Joanna Pabijan ,&nbsp;Ingrid H. Øvreeide ,&nbsp;Victorien E. Prot ,&nbsp;Joanna Zemła ,&nbsp;Bjørn T. Stokke ,&nbsp;Małgorzata Lekka","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118410","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118410","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glycosylation, a fundamental posttranslational modification, is crucial in cancer progression. Aberrant glycosylation patterns in tumor cells alter their interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM), facilitating invasion and metastasis. Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins that selectively recognize these modifications, making them valuable tools for cancer detection. However, their impact on cancer cell behavior remains insufficiently explored.</div><div>In this study, we examined the response of bladder cancers (non-malignant HCV29, non-invasive HT1376, and invasive T24 cancer cells) to surfaces coated with the lectins (<em>Dolichos</em> <em>b</em><em>iflorus</em> agglutinin (DBA), <em>Lens</em> <em>c</em><em>ulinaris</em> agglutinin (LCA), <em>Phaseolus vulgaris</em> leucoagglutinin (PHA-L), and <em>Wheat</em> <em>g</em><em>erm</em> agglutinin (WGA)), using atomic force microscopy (AFM), cell imaging, and proliferation and migration assays. Our findings indicate that lectin coatings significantly influenced cancer cell proliferation and migration in a lectin-dependent manner. Notably, WGA induced the most pronounced effects, accelerating proliferation while simultaneously reducing migration, particularly in the invasive T24 cell line. Similarly, PHA-L increased proliferation. These results highlight the dual role of lectins as diagnostic markers and potential modulators of cancer cell behavior. While lectin-based biosensors offer promising tools for cancer detection, their influence on cell properties must be carefully considered to ensure reliable diagnostics. This study underscores the need for further research into the functional consequences of lectin-glycan interactions in cancer detection. Lectins, being beneficial for biosensing, may modulate cell behavior (as our results show), which potentially interferes with diagnostic capabilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":259,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 118410"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A dual-emission near-infrared fluorogenic probe for sensing Catechol-O- methyltransferase activity from in vitro to in vivo","authors":"Fang-Yuan Wang ,&nbsp;Lai Wei ,&nbsp;Pu Wang ,&nbsp;Wen-Chao Chen ,&nbsp;Zu-Jia Chen ,&nbsp;Zi-Qiong Zhou ,&nbsp;Guang-Hao Zhu ,&nbsp;Qing Gong ,&nbsp;Lu-Ping Qin (∗∗∗∗) ,&nbsp;Ling Yang (∗∗∗) ,&nbsp;Guang-Bo Ge (∗∗) ,&nbsp;Ping Wang (∗)","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118409","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118409","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Human catechol-<em>O</em>-methyltransferase (COMT, EC 2.1.1.6) plays a key role in neurotransmitter signaling and metabolism in the central nervous system. Optical sensing of COMT activity provides a powerful approach to study its biological functions, however, existing fluorescent probes are limited by short emission wavelengths and low sensitivity. Herein, we present <strong>TCFC</strong>, the first dual-emission near-infrared (NIR) fluorogenic substrate for COMT, rationally designed via a structure-modulated strategy. Under physiological conditions, <strong>TCFC</strong> was rapidly <em>O</em>-methylated by COMT to yield product <strong>8-MTCFC</strong>, which exhibited strong fluorescence at 620 nm and 695 nm upon excitation at 470 nm and 610 nm, respectively. The dual-emission property of <strong>TCFC</strong> enhanced detection sensitivity and versatility, enabling accurate assessment of COMT activity across individuals and species while supporting high-throughput screening of potential COMT inhibitors. Moreover, the NIR emission of <strong>TCFC</strong> allowed <em>in situ</em> visualization of COMT activity in living cells and various brain regions of rats with high spatiotemporal resolution, and revealed a reduction of COMT activity in the hippocampal region of a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, offering insights into its role in neurodegeneration. Collectively, <strong>TCFC</strong> proved to be a powerful NIR fluorogenic substrate for monitoring COMT activity in complex biological systems, enabling mechanistic studies and high-throughput screening of potential inhibitors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":259,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 118409"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146016793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laser fabrication of flexible electrodes for bioelectronics","authors":"Lican Zheng ,&nbsp;Yuyao Lu ,&nbsp;Honghao Lyu ,&nbsp;Tianyu Li ,&nbsp;Songya Cui ,&nbsp;Yuhong Xu ,&nbsp;Zimo Cai ,&nbsp;Yuyu Hou ,&nbsp;Yibo Li ,&nbsp;Qianqian Yang ,&nbsp;Zhiqiu Ye ,&nbsp;Geng Yang ,&nbsp;Kaichen Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118386","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bioelectronics lies at the intersection of electronics and biology, enabling real-time signal exchange between living systems and machines. As next-generation applications such as wearable diagnostics, brain-computer interfaces, and closed-loop therapeutic systems desire for soft, miniaturized, and biocompatible platforms, the role of bioelectrodes becomes even more critical. Direct laser writing (DLW) has emerged as a powerful microscale fabrication approach, capable of directly patterning functional electrodes with high spatial resolution on diverse materials. In addition, DLW uniquely offers localized material processing and property modulation, enabling controlled synthesis, phase transition, and surface functionalization. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the underlying mechanisms and advanced material systems that enable DLW. We highlight how DLW enables structural design that impart stretchability and tissue conformity, and how such electrodes are integrated into wearable and implantable bioelectronic systems. Finally, we discuss key challenges and future opportunities for DLW-based bioelectrodes, which are poised to become foundational components of intelligent and adaptive biomedical interfaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":259,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 118386"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145963072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiplexed and continuous single-molecule biosensing by spectral demixing of plasmon-enhanced fluorescence","authors":"Sjoerd W. Nooteboom ,&nbsp;Vincenzo Lamberti ,&nbsp;Tim Schellekens ,&nbsp;Peter Zijlstra","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118384","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118384","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Continuous monitoring of the concentration of biomarkers is a crucial step forward to capture time-dependent changes in early stage diagnostics. A novel class of continuous monitoring sensors relies on low-affinity interactions that are probed at the single-molecule level. Nevertheless, integration of multixplexing capabilities remains a tremendous challenge, despite its promise to provide more accurate diagnostics that will allow for early intervention. Here we demonstrate a multiplexed biosensor capable of continuous monitoring using single-molecule plasmon-enhanced fluorescence. Unfortunately, plasmon-enhancement of fluorescence not only leads to increased signal brightness but also causes strong reshaping of the dye’s emission spectrum. This has prohibited multiplexing that is most commonly implemented using multiple fluorophores of different colors. Here we overcome this barrier by experimentally quantifying the spectral reshaping as a function of the plasmon wavelength and linewidth. Using this knowledge we present a new spectral demixing approach that recovers the intrinsic dye spectrum from the spectrally distorted plasmon-enhanced spectrum. This enables the recovery of the intrinsic emission peak with a 2-fold improved precision despite the spectral distortion. We then demonstrate the use of spectral demixing for single-molecule biosensing where we show the multiplexed and continuous monitoring of two nucleic acids simultaneously. The approach enables the use of a single laser line for multicolor sensing while providing a high signal-to-noise ratio to enable cost-effective and multiplexed monitoring of biomarkers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":259,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 118384"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146008154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasensitive extracellular vesicles-associated amyloid-β1-42 oligomers analytical platform for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease","authors":"Peijuan Xie ,&nbsp;Xueli Wang ,&nbsp;Haiyan Wang ,&nbsp;Huanxin Xue ,&nbsp;Sijia He ,&nbsp;Longfei Li ,&nbsp;Man Shing Wong ,&nbsp;Xiaoqiang Qiao","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118430","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118430","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are increasingly recognized as promising biomarkers for central nervous system diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, early and accurate AD diagnosis remains challenging due to the extremely low abundance of relevant biomarkers in body fluids. Here, we present an ultrasensitive and reliable platform for quantifying trace levels of EVs-associated Aβ_1-42 oligomers (EVs@Aβ_1-42) in plasma. The method integrates UiO-66-B(OH)₂ nanomaterials for high-efficiency enrichment of EVs with the i-SQM “turn-on” fluorescent probe, which selectively responds to Aβ_1-42 oligomers. This combined strategy enables rapid quantification within minutes and provides a large fluorescence enhancement with excellent signal-to-noise ratio, achieving femtomolar-level sensitivity. In clinical samples, the platform successfully distinguishes AD patients from cognitively normal individuals with 100 % sensitivity and 96.3 % specificity. Overall, this EVs-based detection system offers a practical, low-cost, and non-invasive approach for plasma biomarker analysis and holds strong potential for early AD diagnosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":259,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 118430"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146049802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A microfluidic microspheres accumulation platform for direct visualization of urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio in patients with chronic kidney disease","authors":"Chenyu Cui ,&nbsp;Hogi Hartanto ,&nbsp;Xinxue Yin ,&nbsp;Jiaheng Li ,&nbsp;Choi Wan Luk ,&nbsp;Cheuk Chun Szeto ,&nbsp;Ting-Hsuan Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118400","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118400","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) level is an essential biomarker for the early screening and monitoring of chronic kidney disease (CKD), particularly among patients with diabetic and hypertension. However, uACR requires quantitative assay, where the use of designated analyzers makes the assays difficult for large-scale screening. In this study, we developed a decentralized, instrument-free microfluidic microspheres accumulation platform (MMAP) that visualizes the uACR in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Albumin inhibits the binding between magnetic microspheres (MMSs) and polymer microspheres (PMSs) due to competitive immunoassay interactions, while creatinine is recognized by the anti-creatinine aptamer, which releases a DNA blocker strand to facilitate connections between MMSs and PMSs through DNA hybridization. The binding of MMSs and PMSs prevents PMSs from escaping magnetic attraction in the inlet, thereby reducing the free PMS accumulation length in the measurement zone of the microfluidic chip. The PMS accumulation length allows for the visual quantification of uACR with excellent selectivity, tolerance to varying pH levels, and high accuracy comparable to that of standard tests in the hospital. As a convenient, low-cost assessment tool that correctly classified all clinical samples in this pilot cohort to evaluate CKD stages from normal to end-stage, this device offers significant benefits for disease self-monitoring and community health services.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":259,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 118400"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146016745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasensitive detection of monkeypox virus: harnessing synergistic CRISPR-driven signal amplification on a DNA tetrahedron-mediated sensing interface","authors":"Tianchen Du,&nbsp;Feng Ding,&nbsp;Xiaoxin Ma,&nbsp;Yi Luo,&nbsp;Dan Zhu,&nbsp;Lianhui Wang,&nbsp;Shao Su","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118441","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118441","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapid and ultrasensitive detection of emerging infectious diseases is critical for public health security. Herein, an electrochemical biosensor was developed for ultrasensitive detection of monkeypox virus (MPXV) by integrating CRISPR/Cas12a-driven signal amplification strategy with tetrahedral DNA nanostructure (TDN)-based sensing interface. The added MPXV DNA can efficiently activate the cleavage activity of Cas12a protein, thereby mediating the CRISPR-driven hybridization chain reaction (HCR) on TDN sensing interface. The horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled HCR product can catalyze 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) reaction to generate an amplified electrochemical signal. Based on the signal change, the CRISPR-driven electrochemical biosensor exhibited better detection performance comparable to those of pre-amplification CRISPR-based biosensors for MPXV detection, including wide linear range, an ultralow detection limit, exceptional selectivity against non-target viruses (CPXV, ETCV, VZV, HSV), high reproducibility and accepted stability. Integrated with a smartphone-based portable device, the designed point-of-care testing (POCT) electrochemical biosensor can accurately detect MPXV in 10 % human saliva. This work provides a promising sensing platform for rapid, accurate and on-site detection of infectious diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":259,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 118441"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146058376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The intelligent nanoreactor ignites mitochondrial homeostasis disruption via calcium overload and ROS storm for the treatment and visual diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma","authors":"Annan Liu ,&nbsp;Lei Li ,&nbsp;Bin Yang ,&nbsp;Kejun Jiang ,&nbsp;Hao Liang ,&nbsp;Andrew K. Whittaker ,&nbsp;Ze Wang ,&nbsp;Quan Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118426","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118426","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Disrupting mitochondrial homeostasis offers a promising strategy for treating lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, its efficacy is limited by insufficient reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and calcium ion accumulation. To amplify mitochondrial homeostasis disruption, the thermo/acid-responsive CaAuMn-capsaicin@PEG nanoreactor (CAMcaP) was designed. CAMcaP nanoreactor innovatively integrates calcium overload and photothermal enhanced ROS storm, coordinately disrupting mitochondrial homeostasis to offer a promising strategy for LUAD treatment. CAMcaP also serves as an excellent fluorescence/computed tomography (FL/CT) dual-mode imaging nanoprobe, enabling accurate localization of lesions and real-time monitoring of lesion changes during treatment. Specifically, CAMcaP integrates CaAuMn nanoparticles (CaAMNPs, serving as nanoprobe, photothermal agent, peroxidase-like enzyme and calcium donor) and capsaicin within DPPC-DSPE-PEG shell. After accumulating in tumors, hyperthermia triggers the disintegration of DPPC-DSPE-PEG shell under 808 nm laser irradiation (2.0 W/cm²,5 min), enabling controlled release of capsaicin and CaAMNPs. The acidic tumor microenvironment triggers CaAMNPs degradation to release Ca²⁺, while capsaicin opens transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel on cancer cell membrane to induce intracellular calcium overload, thereby disrupting mitochondrial homeostasis. Meanwhile, CaAMNPs achieve nanocatalytic therapy via Mn²⁺-mediated Fenton-like reaction. Its photothermal performance further improves catalytic efficiency, and induces ROS storm that disrupts mitochondrial homeostasis, ultimately achieves tumor ablation. In conclusion, our work provides a visual diagnosis and intelligent treatment strategy for LUAD, integrating FL/CT dual-mode imaging with ion interference and photothermal enhanced ROS storm-induced mitochondrial homeostasis disruption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":259,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 118426"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-vesicle profiling of multiple biomarkers on serum EVs via EV-CATCH and nano-flow cytometry for clinical stratification of Alzheimer's disease","authors":"Yingzhi Zhang ,&nbsp;Leilei Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiaowen Yu ,&nbsp;Huayan Liu ,&nbsp;Min Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118399","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a kind of progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by neuron damage, which imposed significant economic and social burdens. Early and precise AD diagnosis remains an obstacle in the clinic, primarily attributable to the absence of simple, noninvasive, and reliable detection methods. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) carry molecular cargos reflecting cellular origin and can cross the blood-brain barrier, serving as promising biomarkers for neurological diseases. Herein, we propose a novel EV-CATCH-based nano-flow cytometry strategy for rapid, noninvasive, and single-vesicle profiling of multiple AD-related protein biomarkers on EVs. The EV-CATCH enables controlled capture and on-demand release of serum EVs, ensuring high specificity and structural integrity of the isolated vesicles. Four core AD biomarkers on serum EVs were profiled at the individual vesicle level for stratification, and their clinical utility was assessed in two cohorts. The first cohort included 29 Aβ-PET-negative and 42 Aβ-PET-positive participants. In this group, the biomarker panel demonstrated an AUC of 0.873 in differentiating Aβ-PET status, further supporting its value in reflecting cerebral amyloid pathology. The second cohort consisted of 110 serum samples, comprising those from healthy controls as well as from subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD. Combined analysis of the four EV-associated biomarkers yielded high diagnostic accuracy, with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) of 0.932 for MCI and 0.923 for AD. This clinically accessible single-vesicle method enables multiplexed and sensitive EV profiling for early AD diagnosis, accurate disease stratification and longitudinal monitoring, facilitating timely intervention thus promoting better patient prognosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":259,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 118399"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145975917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineered bacterial S-layer enhanced high electron mobility transistor sensors for ultrasensitive detection of tumor antigen","authors":"Jingya Tang ,&nbsp;Chenyang Yang ,&nbsp;Jianwen Sun ,&nbsp;Zhe Li ,&nbsp;Yue Men ,&nbsp;Zewen Liu ,&nbsp;Guoqi Zhang ,&nbsp;Xian-En Zhang ,&nbsp;Dian-Bing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118382","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bios.2026.118382","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ultrasensitive and specific detection of low-abundance tumor biomarkers remains a major challenge for early and minimally invasive cancer diagnosis. Here, we present a high-performance biosensing platform that integrates a genetically engineered bacterial S-layer with an AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) sensor for label-free detection of tumor antigens. As a proof-of-concept, the ovarian cancer antigen human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) was selected<strong>.</strong> Specifically, the S-layer protein rSbpA was fused with HE4-specific nanobody 1G8 to construct a bifunctional membrane capable of self-assembling into an ordered biorecognition layer on the sensor surface. Compared to conventional chemical crosslinking, S-layer-driven assembly increased antibody loading by 50 % and minimized nonspecific adsorption in plasma environments. The resulting HEMT sensor detected HE4 across a dynamic linear range (10⁻²¹ to 10⁻¹⁴ M), identifying patients with ovarian cancer with 100 % diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 1.0). This study establishes a versatile and modular biosensing strategy for ultra-low-abundance biomarker detection with broad potential applications in the precision diagnostics of cancer and other diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":259,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 118382"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145963074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}