Societal Studies最新文献

{"title":"Regional institutionalism in Southeast Asia","authors":"Mindaugas Norkevičius","doi":"10.13165/SMS-14-6-1-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13165/SMS-14-6-1-06","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. This article demonstrates how regional institutions in Southeast Asia help solving common problems (political, security, economic, environmental, social, cultural, ect.), form common rules, norms and customs for cooperation, create the agreed agendas for regional issue management. In the article, using a neo-liberal institutionalism approach, it has been ascertained what factors influence the effectiveness of the selected intergovernmental regional institutions in Southeast Asia, facilitate the regional response and reaction to common regional (economic, security, political, social) challenges. Regional agenda usually depends on actors, regional order (power structure within the region) as well as on regional identity. Institutions legitimate the region, but on the other hand, regional identity legitimates institutions. Theoretical paradigm in the article is neo-liberalism. Two requirements should be fulfilled in order for neo-liberal institutionalism to be aplicable: (1) there should be common interests (as gains are achieved through cooperation), (2) it is required that variations in the degree of institutionalization would exert substantial effects on the state’s policy. The article analyzes how regional institutions in Southeast Asia form the possibility for the region to emerge as a single actor in the international system. Analysis of multi purpose regional institutions in ASEAN demonstrates how organization serves the purpose of enhancing the efficiency of transactions among states, but the ambiguity in them also functions as a tool to manage distribution of power.","PeriodicalId":256611,"journal":{"name":"Societal Studies","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130577479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two Images of Shakespeare in Anthony Burgess’s Novel “Nothing Like the Sun” and in Jurij Dombrovskij’s Stories","authors":"N. Bochkareva, O. Averkieva","doi":"10.13165/SMS-14-6-1-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13165/SMS-14-6-1-04","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract . The purpose of the article is to compare images of Shakespeare in the novel “Nothing like the Sun. A Story of Shakespeare’s Love Life” (1964) by the English writer Anthony Burgess and in the stories “The Dark Lady”, “The Second Quality Bed” and “The Royal Rescript” (1969) by the Russian writer Jurij Dombrovskij. Distinctions of the images are explained, first of all, by the different literary tradition and poetics of realism and modernism accordingly. Similarities speak of the commonality of the tendencies in the European historical and literary process of the 20th century, and also  of the creative biography of writers, their aversion of totalitarianism and aspiration to create an image of a free person. The fundamental complexity is to create the image of the historic figure in general and Shakespeare in particular. It is as though shrouded by the foggy veil through which we can rather see the features of Burgess and Dombrovskij themselves than of the Stratford playwright that remains a riddle for readers.","PeriodicalId":256611,"journal":{"name":"Societal Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131041832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Development of Creative Industries: The Case of Lithuanian Fashion Design Companies","authors":"M. Laužikas, Rasa Mokšeckienė","doi":"10.13165/SMS-14-6-1-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13165/SMS-14-6-1-03","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract . The analysis of creative industries and, in particular, the specificity of managing creative companies require not only understanding of concepts, such as the creativity, arts and business, but also understanding of creative industries in a broader sense, which varies from one country to another; thus, to get a comprehensive image of creative industries, various classifications, activities and further development possibilities should be examined. There should be the international trade in creative goods and services and its added-value scrutinized. A proportionally large part of this publication is oriented to the analysis of data regarding the demand for arts in global markets and the international trade, as well as the evaluation of contributions of arts to economy, its profitability, regional growth trends, employment and increasing competition among local companies. The research question of the present article is as follows : are development and management of companies that belong to creative industries efficient, and what specific management characteristics could be identified among Lithuanian fashion design companies? To get pertinent research results, a descriptive qualitative study was selected with semi-structured interviews in use to better understand respondents and to obtain more and deeper information on management-related questions.","PeriodicalId":256611,"journal":{"name":"Societal Studies","volume":"2015 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132785223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between perceived fairness of judge’s behavior, his decision and personality traits","authors":"K. Čunichina, V. Justickis, G. Valickas","doi":"10.13165/SMS-14-6-1-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13165/SMS-14-6-1-10","url":null,"abstract":"Perceived fairness of trial process is perhaps the most critical determinant of procedural justice. The present article explores personal and situational factors associated with the perceptions of judge’s procedural and distributive fairness. Specifically, it investigates what influence does judge‘s behavior compliance with procedural justice requirements have on the evaluation of judge‘s conduct as well as decision fairness and do personality traits shape that perception.  To find out the influence of judge‘s behavior compliance with procedural justice requirements on perceived fairness of judge‘s behavior and decision, the quasi-experiment based on scenario method was conducted. 392 participants were divided into three groups. Each group was shown one of three 20-minute movies depicting trial process. The scenarios of the movies differed only in judge‘s behavior compliance with procedural justice requirements (totally complied, formally complied and did not comply). Afterwards the participants’ perceived fairness of judge‘s behavior, decision and personality traits were measured.  The findings suggest that judge‘s behavior compliance with procedural justice requirements has a different impact on decision and judge‘s behavior fairness evaluations. The decision and the behavior of the judge is perceived as less fair in situations where the behavior of judge does not meet the requirements of procedural justice. It was found that the greatest impact of judge‘s behavior compliance with procedural justice has on procedural fairness judgments, however the impact on distributive fairness judgments was small, but still statistically significant. The control for personality traits showed no effect on the impact of judge‘s behavior compliance with procedural justice requirements on perceived distributive (decision) fairness. However it was found a small effect of conscientiousness on the impact of judge‘s behavior compliance with procedural justice requirements on perceived procedural (judge’s behavior) fairness.","PeriodicalId":256611,"journal":{"name":"Societal Studies","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130786295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Egipto gynybos ministro 2013 m. liepos 3 d. veiksmų konstituciniai pagrindai: lyginamoji analizė","authors":"Kristina Kenstavičienė","doi":"10.13165/SMS-14-6-1-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13165/SMS-14-6-1-07","url":null,"abstract":"Actions by Egyptian Defense Minister on July 3rd, 2013 raised a question on what sort of means secure democratic military control and whether a democratic state can limit and control the use of force in a democratic manner. For this reason, in comparison with constitutional provisions of other states that embody different forms of government, this article analyses the constitutional status of a state leader as a head of military forces that was infixed in the Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt of December 26th, 2012, and also what constitutional fundamentals existed for Egyptian Defense Minister to perform actions on July 3rd, 2013, or to prevent these actions from materializing. The process that at the moment is in action in Egypt is an important test for democracy, which up until now the state has been having trouble to pass. When looking at the state government system provisioned by the Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt of December 26th, 2012, it becomes clear that the Constitution lacks more visible balance of power, which in turn creates the lack of democracy. Various military councils and military forces are equal to other three state powers (legislative, executive and judicial), but in a democratic country, military institutions of the state cannot be ascribed to state government institutions and furthermore have a priority over them. On the contrary, military state institutions must be liable to civil state institutions and must be controlled by them, and their decisions must be based on decisions by civil state institutions. Actions by Egyptian Defense Minister on July 3rd, 2013 were performed in breach of constitutional provisions that were set by the nation to live in accordance with, and this Constitution was validated in a referendum. According to the Constitution, Defense Minister is not the Protector of the Constitution; furthermore, no right is provisioned for him to terminate the validity of the Constitution. The Egyptian Constitution does not provide the Defense Minister with a right to dismiss the President of the Republic from the office and to appoint a constitutional jurisdiction judge to a temporary President office. What is more, it was possible to solve a political crisis apparent in a country and to avoid breaches of the Constitution by implementing other constitutional means (noconfidence, impeachment or election institutions).","PeriodicalId":256611,"journal":{"name":"Societal Studies","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128943440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Naudos gavėjas: samprata ir teisinio statuso ypatumai","authors":"Edita Borevičienė","doi":"10.13165/SMS-14-6-1-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13165/SMS-14-6-1-09","url":null,"abstract":"Anotacija . Straipsnyje pateikta naudos gavėjo sutartyje treciojo asmens naudai sampratos charakteristika, aptarti naudos gavėjų tipai, naudos gavėjo teisinis statusas. Naudos gavėjai ir situacijos gali būti suskirstytos į tris kategorijas: asmuo patiria naudą is sutarties atsitiktinai ‒ atsitiktinis naudos gavėjas (angl. incidental beneficiary); asmuo sutartyje aiskiai įvardijamas naudos gavėju – paskirtasis naudos gavėjas (angl. express beneficiary) ir asmuo, kuris sutartyje neįvardintas, bet gali būti numanomas ir identi­fikuojamas pagal sutarties tikslą ir jos sudarymo aplinkybes, tai – numanomas naudos gavėjas (angl. implied beneficiary). Sutarties treciojo asmens naudai aspektu naudos ga­vėjas yra fizinis ar juridinis asmuo, kuris turi teise gauti naudą is sutarties ir dėl sios tei­sės salys sutartyje pažodžiui ar numanomai susitarė. Įvertinus sutarties sudarymo aplin­kybes ir sutarties tikslą, naudos gavėjais pagal sutartį gali būti pripažįstami kiti asmenys, kurie sutartyje expressis verbis neįvardinti, t. y. numanomi naudos gavėjai. Numanomo naudos gavėjo sampratos apimtis tiesiogiai priklauso nuo konkrecios jurisdikcijos tei­sėje taikomos nuostolių atlyginimo koncepcijos. Islyga treciojo asmens naudai turi su­daryti prielaidas atėjus prievolės vykdymo momentui užtikrintai identifikuoti naudos gavėją. Naudos gavėjo teisė atsiranda nuo islygos suformulavimo momento ir egzistuoja nepriklausomai nuo naudos gavėjo valios. Naudos gavėjas gali egzistuojancios teisės at­sisakyti. Naudos gavėjo valinis aktas – atsisakymas (pagal konfirmacijos doktriną) arba pritarimas (pagal akcepto doktriną) – turi lemiamą reiksme salių galimybei islygą modi­fikuoti ar atsaukti. Kol naudos gavėjas neisreiskė savo valios dėl islygos jo naudai, sutartį sudariusios salys (kreditorius ir skolininkas) gali islygą atsaukti arba pakeisti.","PeriodicalId":256611,"journal":{"name":"Societal Studies","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126191318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Roterdamo taisyklės: teisinės inovacijos reglamentuojant krovinių vežimo jūrų transportu vežėjo pareigas","authors":"Lina Jasutienė","doi":"10.13165/SMS-13-5-3-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13165/SMS-13-5-3-14","url":null,"abstract":"In this article the author analyses carrier‘s liability under the United Nations Convention on Contracts for International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea, known as the Rotterdam Rules. Today, only few provisions exist in the Hague-Visby Rules in respect to the obligations of the carrier. The provisions of the carrier‘s obligations are fundamental to the Rotterdam Rules because they are inexorably linked with the liability of the carrier, as provided in Article 17. The maritime industry has to move on and adjust to the new realities of the carrier‘s duties and, in particular, to the ongoing duty to provide a seaworthy vessel, which will bring significant changes to the carrier’s liability and shipping business in general. In the Rotterdam Rules, Articles 13 and 14 have modernised the carrier‘s duties and aligned them with the current practice of door-to-door and containerized transport. The freedom of the carrier and the shipper to agree that the loading, stowage and discharge is to be performed by the cargo interest (either the shipper or consignee) is closely interrelated with the validity of the FIO(ST) and similar clauses incorporated in transport documents. Therefore, the Rotterdam Rules bring clarity in this matter because they precisely indicate the obligations and the breach, which entails the liability of the carrier. It is supposed that legal relationship between carriers and shippers facilitate the free flow of trade as economically and efficiently as possible.","PeriodicalId":256611,"journal":{"name":"Societal Studies","volume":"130 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122215059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probleminiai nekaltumo prezumpcijos aspektai įrodinėjant jauno pilnamečio nepakankamą socialinę brandą","authors":"Dovilė Gaidelytė","doi":"10.13165/SMS-13-5-3-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13165/SMS-13-5-3-15","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyses the context regarding the presumption of sufficient social maturity regulated by the norms of criminal procedure. Legal norms foresee the possibility to apply the peculiarities of juvenile criminal responsibility to young adults (18-20 years), when their social maturity is equal to juvenile’s maturity. However, the researches conducted by the author of the article as well as the Law Institute revealed the fact that the provisions of the criminal law, which are considered to be modern and highly evaluated by the scientists, are rarely applied in practice. Moreover, the accused person and (or) his counsel for the defence avail themselves of a duty to deny the presumption of sufficient social maturity. Taking into consideration the principle of presumption of innocence and the rule regarding sharing of burden of proof, the author of the article drew a conclusion that the present denial mechanism of sufficient social maturity does not only contradict to the presumption of innocence, but also is not in compliance with the purposes and requirements established for the juveniles in the criminal procedure. The article tries to show that the issue regarding sufficient social maturity should be examined in the pre-trial investigation, but not in the trial itself. In such a case, some goals are possible to be achieved. Firstly, the legal interests and rights of a young adult participating in the criminal procedure could be more secured. Secondly, the principles of comprehensibility and economy of the criminal procedure could be implemented.","PeriodicalId":256611,"journal":{"name":"Societal Studies","volume":"207 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120970684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socialinio teisingumo suvokimas : piliečių ir vartotojų vertybiniai skirtumai","authors":"Vitalija Rudzkiene, M. Černikovaitė","doi":"10.13165/SMS-13-5-3-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13165/SMS-13-5-3-05","url":null,"abstract":"The changes in modern welfare states engendered by globalization, social needs and environmental issues evoke the question of the social bases of support of the modern welfare state system. Although socially just sustainable society is the main value and the general purpose of social development, the concept of a model for the ideal society accepted by some groups of different ideologies and different levels of development significantly differs. The research on social values in the scientific literature indicates the two social groups, citizens and consumers, having the sharpest contrasts in social value systems. This difference between these groups derives from two distinct ideologies and distinct value systems. By searching for the answer how the differences of these groups impact the perception of social justice values, which is crucial for a long term socio-economic development, the authors developed a theoretical framework, which outlines the structural relationship between the social attributes, principles of justice and individual preferences. Using data from a recent representative populationbased survey on attitudes about social justice, conducted in Lithuania in 2013 (N=1050), the authors of the article tested a number of assumptions and theoretical hypothesis. The findings revealed three different sets of respondents with distinct value preferences and collectivistic attitudes. The authors also found that these groups have significant differences not only in evaluating the factors that determine the income of the people, but also in the trust in government, participation in decision making, etc. The results allowed to distinguish characteristic features and social justice attitudes of the groups and to create the attribute sets. Prepared according to the scientific project financed by LSC SIN-12005 “Guidelines for Forming Social Justice Perception of Citizens and Customers”.","PeriodicalId":256611,"journal":{"name":"Societal Studies","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129420701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fair Price in Squeeze-Out Transactions","authors":"Feliksas Miliutis","doi":"10.13165/SMS-13-5-3-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13165/SMS-13-5-3-06","url":null,"abstract":"‘Squeeze-out” is considered as a situation, where a controlling shareholder exercises his legal right to oblige the minority shareholders of a targeted listed company to sell their shares of the target to him, which brings the target company private. This article discusses the topic of fair squeeze-out compensation from both European and US (Delaware) perspectives. The author of this paper argues that though legal settings of squeeze-outs and determination of fair compensation of squeeze-out differs from country to country, some general insights might be identified that in their own turn would allow to identify main practical and theoretical problems of protection of minority/majority shareholders’ rights related with the fair squeeze-out compensation.","PeriodicalId":256611,"journal":{"name":"Societal Studies","volume":"204 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120983960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}