Societal Studies最新文献

{"title":"HEDONISM, PLEASURE AND AUTHENTICITY IN RESTORATION LITERATURE: THREE TEXTUAL INQUIRIES IN LIBERTINE POETRY","authors":"Juan de Dios Torralbo Caballero","doi":"10.13165/SMS-15-7-1-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13165/SMS-15-7-1-07","url":null,"abstract":"Th is paper investigates the treatment of hedonism and pleasure in some poems of the Restoration Era. Firstly, a contextualization of Charles II’s period is presented, where a number of examples from the past are mentioned. Secondly, the project will aim to explore the legacy of three renowned poets of the period ranging from 1660 to 1700: Aphra Behn, Sir George Etherege and John Wilmot, Earl of Rochester. Finally, it centers on the play anonymously published in 1684 entitled Sodom, or the Quintessence of Debauchery. Essentially, the inferred explicit treatment of sexual topics is what marks a before and an aft er in the themes and rhetoric of English literature.","PeriodicalId":256611,"journal":{"name":"Societal Studies","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129172173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FACING A SECULAR STATE AND A PLURALISTIC SOCIETY: THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN CONTEMPORARY EUROPE","authors":"F. Resch","doi":"10.13165/SMS-15-7-1-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13165/SMS-15-7-1-05","url":null,"abstract":"Composed of diff erent worldviews, contemporary European societies, including Lithuania, are profoundly pluralistic. Moreover, the European secular state is neutral, per se, in matters of worldviews. Considered as a single denomination among others, the Catholic Church can no longer count on the state as its secular arm, but has to accept the condition of freedom of religion.1 In my article, I want to point out the specifi c role the Catholic Church ought to play in contemporary Europe under these circumstances. First, I focus on the meaning of freedom of religion as a human right. Th en, I point out the Catholic magisterium’s attitude toward the freedom of religion, which has evolved throughout the 20th century. Finally, I develop some future prospects holding that the Catholic Church has to contribute to the common good in the temporal order and to proclaim the supernatural Gospel to naturally free persons in the spiritual order without surrendering to individualism, which is in fact incompatible with Catholic anthropology.","PeriodicalId":256611,"journal":{"name":"Societal Studies","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125403460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Naujų darbuotojų adaptacijos ypatumai ikimokyklinio ir vidurinio ugdymo mokyklose Lietuvoje","authors":"Aistė Dromantaitė, Vytautas Pokštas","doi":"10.13165/SMS-14-6-2-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13165/SMS-14-6-2-08","url":null,"abstract":"Siame straipsnyje nagrinėjami naujų darbuotojų adaptacijos ypatumai ikimokyklinio ir vidurinio ugdymo įstaigose. Straipsnyje siekta atskleisti organizacinės adaptacijos sampratą įvairių mokslininkų požiūriu, adaptacijos proceso ypatumus, pateikti pagrindinius naujo darbuotojo adaptaciją organizacijoje lengvinancius ir sunkinancius veiksnius. Apžvelgiamas visas tyrimo procesas, jo sudėtinės dalys ir gauti rezultatai. Sio straipsnio tikslas – aptarti naujų darbuotojų lengvesnei adaptacijai įtakos turincius veiksnius ikimokyklinėse ir vidurinio ugdymo įstaigose. Apibendrinant įvairių mokslininkų teorijas ir susisteminant savo mokslinio tyrimo duomenis galima teigti, kad naujų darbuotojų lengvesnei adaptacijai daugiausiai įtakos turi praktinė, o ne teorinė veikla (praktinis supažindinimas su nauja darboviete, darbo vieta bei būsimomis pareigomis), asmeninės savybės (gebėjimas bendrauti, pasitikėjimas savimi ir konfliktinių situacijų vengimas) ir auksta darbo motyvacija.","PeriodicalId":256611,"journal":{"name":"Societal Studies","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128343736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vengimo išlaikyti vaiką baudžiamojo teisinio vertinimo problemos","authors":"K. Grinevičiūtė","doi":"10.13165/SMS-14-6-2-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13165/SMS-14-6-2-11","url":null,"abstract":"Straipsnyje analizuojamas vengimo islaikyti vaiką nusikaltimas, numatytas Lietuvos Respublikos baudžiamojo kodekso 164 straipsnyje. Apžvelgiamas sio nusikaltimo atsiradimas baudžiamajame įstatyme, analizuojami argumentai dėl tokios veikos kriminalizavimo pagrįstumo ir būtinumo. Autorė pateikia nuomone, jog baudžiamoji atsakomybė už tokią veiką neprarado savo socialinės svarbos ir kriminalizavimas yra pagrįstas. Straipsnyje iskeliami vengimo islaikyti vaiką normos trūkumai, analizuojamas teisinis atsakomybės už sį nusikaltimą reglamentavimas užsienio valstybių įstatymuose, pateikiami kriterijai, padėsiantys aiskiau nustatyti bei motyvuoti baudžiamosios atsakomybės taikymą už vaiko islaikymo pareigos nevykdymą. Teorinė analizė grindžiama teismų praktika. Atlikus teorine ir teismų praktikos analize, daroma isvada, kad norint pritaikyti BK 164 straipsnį turėtų būti nustatomi papildomi kriterijai, sustiprinantys argumentus taikant baudžiamąją atsakomybe – kreditoriaus teisinės padėties apsunkinimo, žalos, kaltininko darbingumo, turtinės padėties ir kt. Straipsnyje pasiūlyti kylancių nusikaltimo kvalifikavimo problemų sprendimo variantai.","PeriodicalId":256611,"journal":{"name":"Societal Studies","volume":"188 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127315753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SAUDI WAHHABI IMPERIALISM IN PAKISTAN: HISTORY, LEGACY, CONTEMPORARY REPRESENTATIONS AND DEBATES","authors":"D. Waterman","doi":"10.13165/SMS-14-6-2-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13165/SMS-14-6-2-02","url":null,"abstract":"Historically, Pakistan has nurtured an interpretation of Islam based on Sufi philosophy, which has a reputation of being more tolerant and open-minded.  Recent decades have, however, seen a rise in conservative Islam exported from Saudi Arabia; Sunni Wahhabism has become more common in Pakistan largely due to a socio-historical context which includes the 1970s oil crises, the 1979 Iranian revolution as well as the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.  Petrodollars have given the Saudi kingdom the necessary resources to finance Wahhabi imperialism, the Iranian revolution has politicized Shia Muslims (who are seen as a threat by the Sunni), and the Afghan war has resulted in the creation of militarized Islam, supported and funded by the USA and Saudi Arabia.  General Zia ul-Haq would then take power in Pakistan, and capitalize on Saudi support for the hardline Islamization of the country, a policy which has left a trail of sectarian Sunni / Shia violence in its wake.","PeriodicalId":256611,"journal":{"name":"Societal Studies","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126235131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NAUJOJI VIEŠOJI VADYBA – KAIP POSTMODERNIOS VARTOTOJIŠKOS KULTŪROS PRODUKTAS?","authors":"Arvydas Guogis, Adomas Vincas Rakšnys","doi":"10.13165/SMS-14-6-2-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13165/SMS-14-6-2-07","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is to conduct theoretical analysis trying to show that consumerism, as the feature of post-modern society, interrelates with new public management concept and makes an impact to its theoretical principles. In the first part, the authors reveal the differences between consumption and consumerism and define the main characteristics of consumerism. A. Maslow needs hierarchy pyramid’s logic serves for that purpose as the instrument. Consumerism aspect is indicated as the natural, organic activity, which is directed to fulfill the lower individ’s needs. Consumerism as not natural, postmodern meta-life form not only causes inflation in the lower factors of human needs, but also presses forward to the sphere where consumerism was earlier absent. In postmodern society, the higher human social and self-actualization needs also are becoming the instruments of consumerism. When earlier these needs were satisfied by establishing real social ties and they were dependent on other individs, now the human relations sphere is transforming. These processes are reduced to social plays of trade and the cult of materialism becomes the essential feature. There are also revealed other aspects, such as the use of rational quality criteria and absolutizing of quantitative indicators as well as the deformation of qualitative indicators in the context of consumerism. It is necessary to indicate the understanding of consumerism as the process where individ is using the commodities and services and the consumerism where the consumer becomes the consuming substance. In the second part, the authors reveal the connection between consumerism and new public management concept by expressing the status of the state as the trade center status and absolutizing the quantitative indicators, orientation towards the client and reduction of state employees to human resources understanding. Human resources in such a model have to submit to the imperatives of consumerism. Many causes could have an impact to the management and consumerism relation, for instance, the geographical factors, economic development of capitalism and neo-liberal streams. These arising problems pose a necessity in state governance to orientate towards New Governance, as the alternative how to reject the destructive and consumeristic accents of new public management for the sake of society and the state development. Social dimension, which was abandoned by new public management 20-30 years ago while retreating from the welfare state, has to be rediscovered in the new circumstances.","PeriodicalId":256611,"journal":{"name":"Societal Studies","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131680277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neformaliajam suaugusiųjų verslumo ugdymuisi skirtų mokymosi priemonių prieinamumas","authors":"Romas Prakapas, Jolanta Devenytė","doi":"10.13165/SMS-14-6-2-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13165/SMS-14-6-2-09","url":null,"abstract":"Atsižvelgiant į Lietuvoje dažniausiai vykdomus su verslumo ugdymu(si) susijusius tyrimus, kurie dažniausiai orientuojami į formalųjį ugdymą, straipsnyje nagrinėjamas neformalusis suaugusiųjų verslumo ugdymosi reiskinys. Lietuvoje desimtmetį vykdant kryptingus su suaugusiųjų svietimu susijusius tyrimus, yra konstatuotos pagrindinės problemos (finansavimas, kokybės užtikrinimas, andragogų kompetencijos ir pan.) siejamos is esmės tik su isoriniais ugdymo proceso veiksniais, tuo tarpu vykdomos edukacinės veiklos ir jų analizės rodo būtinybe nagrinėti pacių suaugusiųjų ugdymąsi ir tam sudaromas galimybes. Viena jų – suaugusiųjų verslumo ugdymuisi skirtų priemonių prieinamumas. Straipsnio tikslas – atskleisti neformaliajam suaugusiųjų verslumo ugdymuisi skirtų mokymosi priemonių prieinamumą Lietuvoje. Straipsnyje pristatomi 2013 m. spalio–lapkricio mėn. atlikto empirinio tyrimo rezultatai. Tyrimo metodas – apklausa žodžiu (interviu). Tyrimo priemonė parengta dokumentų ir mokslinės literatūros analizės, padėjusios issiaiskinti neformaliojo suaugusiųjų svietimo padėtį Lietuvoje, pagrindu. Tyrimo dalyviai (n=5) – andragogai, aktyviai dalyvaujantys suaugusiųjų neformaliajame svietime bei vykdantys kryptingus mokslinius suaugusiųjų svietimo tyrimus. Straipsnio pabaigoje pristatomi pagrindiniai tyrimo rezultatai ir isvados.","PeriodicalId":256611,"journal":{"name":"Societal Studies","volume":"347 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131897454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Provisional Measures – Disapplication of National Law as an Integral Part of the Principle of Effective Judicial Protection of the European Union Law","authors":"Aistė Samuilytė-Mamontovė","doi":"10.13165/SMS-14-6-1-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13165/SMS-14-6-1-08","url":null,"abstract":"The principle of loyal cooperation established in the EU law obliges the courts of the Member States of the EU to ensure the effective judicial protection of rights of persons stemming from the EU law. In the absence of harmonized norms of the civil procedure at the EU level, national courts are procedurally autonomous in enforcing judicial protection of the above mentioned rights, however, in applying national laws they shall comply with principles of equivalence and effectiveness of the EU law. In cases concerning violation of rights stemming from the EU law, courts of the Member States are faced with applications for the indication of provisional measures necessary to ensure effective judicial protection. The European Court of Justice treats such provisional measures as an integral part of the right to effective judicial protection. Compliance with the principle of effective judicial protection of the EU law requires national laws to guarantee the right to obtain provisional measures before national courts. In the light of the case law of the European Court of Justice, two situations where application of provisional measures may be granted by national judges shall be distinguished: (i) the first case concerns the suspension of the application of national laws incompatible with EU law pending decision on such compatibility, and (ii) the second one deals with the suspension of application of national measures implementing EU legal acts pending the decision on validity of such EU legal act. Under the first type of situations, national courts shall apply procedural guarantees embodied in the national laws. Under the second one, the ECJ has spelled out minimum uniform conditions making judicial protection effective: national procedural rules shall satisfy the principle of equivalence and the principle of effectiveness. In practice, a problem is frequently faced when such kind of provisional measures in not expressis verbis embodied in the text of national law. This hinders the right of the parties concerned to make use of such provisional measures significantly. Such hindrances limit the right of the parties concerned to effective judicial protection and may lead to violation of the EU law. For instance, The Code of Civil Procedure of Lithuania does not provide for special rules concerning suspension of national legal provisions in the above-mentioned situations. However, bearing in mind that the Court of Justice recognized the right to obtain interim measures before national courts to be an integral part of the EU concept of direct, immediate and effective judicial protection, national court should have the right to grant such provisional measures. Therefore, it is submitted that it would be appropriate for the national legislator of Lithuania to resolve the question on filling this gap in national legal system.","PeriodicalId":256611,"journal":{"name":"Societal Studies","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130828947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Western Patterns in Forestry Education in the Russian Empire in the mid-18th – mid-19th Centuries","authors":"Elena Lustina","doi":"10.13165/SMS-14-6-1-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13165/SMS-14-6-1-05","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper refers to the formation and development of forestry education and science in the Russian Empire during the mid-18th – mid-19th centuries. Given the progressive interest in environmental protection, forest resources and the historical study of this problem, it is necessary to emphasize the importance of analyzing the whole range of issues related to the problem. The relevance of the topic is not only connected with its topicality, but also with its scarce study and the fact that it has an educational character. The article renders the influence of Western European countries on this process and a characteristic of forestry education in some Western European countries. The author analyzed various sources and literature on the topic of research and attempted to restore the stages of origin, formation and development of forestry education and science in the Russian Empire in the mid-18th – mid-19th centuries, as well as the changes in introducing and applying the Western European patterns into practice.","PeriodicalId":256611,"journal":{"name":"Societal Studies","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122514089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kūrybiškumas, įtinklintas mokymas(is) ir visapusiškesnių pažintinių gebėjimų ugdymas universitetinėse studijose","authors":"Vilhelmina Vaičiūnienė, Viktorija Mažeikienė","doi":"10.13165/SMS-14-6-1-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13165/SMS-14-6-1-02","url":null,"abstract":"Various interest-driven groups and communities emerge due to human creativity, creative efforts of individuals, contemporary information sharing culture and accumulation of knowledge through networking. Meanwhile, constant innovations give impetus to the development of societal life and its multiple dimensions. The greatest change in education brought by the new technologies, which are still becoming more and more social in their nature, is the emergence of the new paradigm, where the two – learning and teaching – processes have become one. Creativity cannot be separated from knowledge building in contemporary society. This article focuses on creativity in relation to networked learning/teaching and the development of deeper cognitive skills of students and draws on three viewpoints from contemporary research literature pertaining to the phenomenon of creativity: Czikszentmihalyi’s systems theory, the investment theory developed by Sternberg and Lubart and a group of viewpoints focusing on problem solving and finding. In relation to networked learning/teaching and the development of deeper cognitive skills at university level, creativity may be seen as related to critical literacy – critical reading and writing skills, analytical skills, ability to make judgements about texts, ability to create texts (printed, digital, visual, multimodal, etc.) as well as ability to apply the acquired information and skills in everyday life, work and task performance in order to implement changes in one’s social environment. In Web 2.0 era, the new social technologies supply multiple tools for creation, publication, assessment and critique. The tools are very important in education. Higher education institutions face the necessity to make use of the opportunities offered by the technologies so that they remain relevant for students, who need a range of skills to be successful in contemporary society: digital literacy, media literacy, critical literacy, collaboration and communication skills, unlearning old skills and re-learning new skills, i.e. what is often referred to as multiple literacies of the 21st century.","PeriodicalId":256611,"journal":{"name":"Societal Studies","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127465727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}