{"title":"Highly Selective MEMS Gas Sensor Based on Temperature-Programmed Desorption Technology.","authors":"Junming Shao,Renjun Si,Hongze Jiang,Shaofeng Chen,Jiabao Ding,Zheng Wang,Shunping Zhang","doi":"10.1021/acssensors.5c01413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.5c01413","url":null,"abstract":"Aiming at the issue of poor selectivity in metal oxide gas sensors, a novel MEMS gas sensor structure was designed, comprising an adsorption unit and a sensing unit. Based on this design, a gas-sensing method utilizing on-chip programmable temperature analysis technology was developed. By quantifying the gas-sensitive response, we successfully extracted the peak signal of temperature-dependent resistance with high selectivity. The performance results show that ZSM-5, as the adsorbent material, exhibits desorption peak positions at different temperatures for four types of alcohol gases, and the peak height is correlated with the adsorption concentration. The essence of its high selectivity lies in the fact that materials have different desorption activation energies for different gases under the same conditions. This study proposes a new selective MEMS device testing method for identifying gas types and concentrations.","PeriodicalId":24,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sensors","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145194904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Light-Assisted Activation Probes for Time-Controllable Monitoring of O2•- in Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.","authors":"Yu-An Feng,Yu Ma,Chun Xie,Wei Du,Rui Tan,Ya-Wen Wang,Yu Peng","doi":"10.1021/acssensors.5c01862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.5c01862","url":null,"abstract":"Light-activated fluorescence probes are powerful tools for monitoring the subcellular structure. However, their applications in biological tissues remain limited due to long reaction times and poor specificity. Herein, we have developed a novel class of light-assisted activation fluorescent probes based on a sulfonic acid ester trigger, which produces fluorescence signals only upon simultaneous exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light and superoxide anions (O2•-). This dual-recognition mechanism ensures precise controllability of fluorescence signals while maintaining high specificity and the fastest reaction kinetics (<30 s). Based on this design, a mitochondria-targeting and blood-brain barrier (BBB)-penetrating probe (SWJT-30) was constructed for time-controllable detection of O2•- in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI). Through this study, we not only elucidated the role of cuproptosis in CIRI but also demonstrated the broad potential of light-assisted activation probes for spatiotemporally controlled imaging in diverse pathological and physiological contexts.","PeriodicalId":24,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sensors","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145194910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Regulating the d-Band Center of an FeCu/NC Dual-Metal Catalyst for Self-Powered and Smart Sensing of Oxidizing and Reducing Gas.","authors":"Xiao Wang,Ningning Zhang,Feifei Li,Zhaokun Sun,Xinyu Li,Ce Guo,Xijin Xu","doi":"10.1021/acssensors.5c02143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.5c02143","url":null,"abstract":"Gas sensors based on zinc-air batteries that integrate battery functionality expand the self-powered and energy-harvesting capabilities of sensing systems. However, the sluggish and inadequate reaction kinetics at the interface and exclusive detection of oxidizing gases restrict their sensing response and the sensing scenario. Herein, a dual-metal FeCu/NC catalyst is fabricated to facilitate the reduction reaction at the interface. The incorporation of Fe shifts the d-band center of the Cu catalyst to the Fermi level, facilitating NO2 gas adsorption and decreasing Gibbs free energy of NO2 reduction. The O atoms of NO2 will generate a covalent bond with Fe atoms, leading to an elevated charge redistribution with more electrons adsorbed by NO2 gas molecules (0.61 |e| as calculated by Bader charge analysis). As a result, the constructed sensors exhibit a remarkable NO2 sensing performance with a high response (0.16 V@10 ppm), an ultralow detection limit (10 ppb), and a fast response transience (40 s). Moreover, for H2S gas sensing, the partial Cu catalyst is oxidized to the Cu-S bond at the surface and subsequently reduced to a Cu substance at the three-phase interface, generating a lower redox potential and open-circuit voltage. As a consequence, the sensors exhibit a response of 0.1 V to 25 ppm H2S at room temperature. Finally, the sensing device is assembled into an intelligent sensing system capable of wireless information transmission for remote gas monitoring.","PeriodicalId":24,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sensors","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145194482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enzyme-Activated Biosensing with a Split-Type, Self-Powered, Near-Infrared-Responsive Photoelectrochemical Platform: Quinone-Amine Bioconjugation on Dual-Photoelectrode for Tyrosinase Detection.","authors":"Jiang Guo,Jianqiao Liu,Wenxi Xiong,Kai Yan,Jingdong Zhang","doi":"10.1021/acssensors.5c02474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.5c02474","url":null,"abstract":"Self-powered photoelectrochemical (SP-PEC) sensing systems address the limitations of traditional PEC systems by eliminating external bias interference and enabling stable signal generation via Fermi level-driven electron transfer. Herein, a near-infrared (NIR)-responsive split-type SP-PEC biosensor for sensitive and specific tyrosinase (TYR) detection was constructed based on leveraging quinone-amine bioconjugation chemistry. The sensing platform consisted of a CuInS2/CuO photocathode and a MoS2/BiO2-X/Bi2S3@PDA photoanode, both designed to operate efficiently under NIR illumination. In such a sensor, dopamine (DA) played two roles, namely, as a conductive medium at the photoanode and as a substrate for TYR at the photocathode. When TYR was present, it activated DA oxidation in a 96-well microplate to generate quinones, which were then conjugated onto a chitosan-modified photocathode to behave as an electron acceptor, resulting in promoted photoelectric conversion and detection accuracy. Thus, the photocathode formed the sensing interface, and the photoanode further amplified the output signal when connected with the photocathode. Under optimum conditions, the sensor achieved an ultralow detection limit of 0.00089 U/mL with a linear detection range from 0.001 to 6.0 U/mL. Its practical applicability was confirmed through successful TYR analysis in real potato samples, validated by the high-performance liquid chromatography method. The split-type design enabled sensing without electrode-bound biorecognition elements, with the biological process separate from the photoelectrode, ensuring simplified operation, fast response, and improved accuracy.","PeriodicalId":24,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sensors","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145194485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Slow Transition Processes to Chemisorption on Oxide Surfaces Discriminate Vapor Aliphatic Carboxylic Acid Homologues.","authors":"Wenjin Lei, Takuro Hosomi, Sho Nekita, Yuta Tsuji, Haruka Honda, Jiangyang Liu, Wataru Tanaka, Tsunaki Takahashi, Tetsuya Okuyama, Satoshi Hata, Takeshi Yanagida","doi":"10.1021/acssensors.5c01289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.5c01289","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Molecular selectivity among volatile organic compounds (VOCs) remains a critical challenge for metal oxide (MOx) gas sensors, particularly in distinguishing molecules with identical functional groups. Carboxylic acids, in particular, pose a significant challenge due to the strong influence of their terminal groups. In this study, we demonstrate that the chain length of aliphatic carboxylic acids can be effectively distinguished at room temperature by analyzing their adsorption-desorption behaviors on ZnO nanowire arrays. By comparing GC-MS, FT-IR, and QCM observations, we revealed that a large portion of carboxylic acids with longer alkyl chains is initially physisorbed and gradually transitions to chemisorption. To elucidate this finding, we propose an adsorption model considering a transition from physisorption to chemisorption, which slows as the alkyl chain extends due to increased van der Waals (vdW) interactions, validated by molecular dynamics simulations. Additionally, their adsorption behaviors differentiated even when exposed to mixture vapors, highlighting the potential for identifying compositions in complex mixtures. Furthermore, our investigation of other MOx surfaces reveals that Lewis acidity is crucial for carbon-number selectivity. This study underscores the previously underestimated impact of vdW interactions between alkyl chains and the ZnO surface in adsorption behavior, offering new insights for designing next-generation gas sensors.</p>","PeriodicalId":24,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sensors","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145190393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS SensorsPub Date : 2025-09-29DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c03589
Michelle Glass, Nahid Khalajiassadi, Shuli Chen, Dharshini Ganeshan, Hannah Partington, David B Finlay
{"title":"Development of a Cell Membrane Conformational Cannabinoid CB<sub>1</sub> Receptor Biosensor for the Detection of Synthetic Cannabinoids.","authors":"Michelle Glass, Nahid Khalajiassadi, Shuli Chen, Dharshini Ganeshan, Hannah Partington, David B Finlay","doi":"10.1021/acssensors.4c03589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.4c03589","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to develop a chemical structure-independent, sensitive screening platform for detecting novel synthetic cannabinoids using isolated cell membranes. Resonance energy transfer techniques were employed to detect conformational changes in the CB<sub>1</sub> receptor upon agonist binding. Eight cannabinoid CB<sub>1</sub> conformational biosensors were generated and characterized featuring different tag compositions and placements. The biosensors were initially tested in live cell assays, before conditions were optimized for activity in isolated cell membranes. The optimal sensor developed could successfully distinguish between different agonist efficacy and potency profiles. This biosensor allows for the detection of synthetic cannabinoids without relying on their chemical structure, potentially providing a valuable tool for compliance agencies to rapidly respond to the proliferation of new psychoactive substances. The ability to differentiate efficacy and potency profiles may also contribute to harm reduction strategies upon detection of these compounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":24,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sensors","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145190408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Synergistic Effect of UV Light and Humidity-Enabled Swift and Sensitive Fruit Ripeness Monitoring Based on Bi2Se3 Nanosheet-Decorated ZnO Nanorods.","authors":"Xiaopeng She,Mengqing Wang,Xinke Jiang,Yi Chen,Cheng Zou,Hongping Liang,Yong Zhou","doi":"10.1021/acssensors.5c00979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.5c00979","url":null,"abstract":"Ethylene (C2H4) serves as a gaseous biomarker of fruit ripeness during the stages of growth and storage, thus necessitating swift and sensitive detection to assess the evolution of maturity and flavor for target fruits. However, C2H4 vapor is difficult to discern due to its nonpolar inertness and robust molecular structure at room temperature (RT). To this end, a new chemiresistive sensor based on bismuth selenide (Bi2Se3) decorated with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods was prepared in this work. Contrary to the high sensor resistance and lack of signal toward C2H4 under dark environments at RT, UV illumination endowed the composite film sensor with low resistance and a noticeable signal. Furthermore, the recovery speed was intriguingly reduced from 10 min to less than 2 min when water vapor was simultaneously introduced. In particular, the optimal 1.0-Bi2Se3/ZnO sensor delivered a response of 38.7% and a response/recovery time of 27/87 s toward 5 ppm of C2H4. Also, the long-term stability was remarkably improved with respect to the pure ZnO counterpart. In addition, excellent linearity across the concentration range from 1 to 20 ppm, good repeatability, and high selectivity over C2H4 were displayed. The effective on-site freshness detection of bananas via the as-prepared 1.0-Bi2Se3/ZnO sensor, by combining electrical signal and visual information demonstrated a huge application potential for fruit ripening monitoring under the synergistic effect of UV illumination and humidity at RT, well catering to the demanding requirements of low power consumption and high miniaturization in the field of future smart sensors.","PeriodicalId":24,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sensors","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145188825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS SensorsPub Date : 2025-09-28DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.5c02765
Ellen M Briggs,Todd R Martz
{"title":"Fine-Tuning an ISFET-Based Dual pH-Total Alkalinity Sensor for Operation in Seawater Using an Adjustable, Suspended Anode.","authors":"Ellen M Briggs,Todd R Martz","doi":"10.1021/acssensors.5c02765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.5c02765","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we present a re-envisioned design of an ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET)-based solid-state sensor for measuring pH and total alkalinity of seawater with electrolytically generated titrant. The original design requires either custom nanofabrication of ISFET wafers or back-end processing of fully fabricated ISFETs. Instead, we assembled all \"off-the-shelf\" parts to demonstrate the same measurement principle but with the titrant-generating electrode suspended orthogonal to the pH-sensing region of the ISFET rather than being physically deposited on the face of the chip. This offers many benefits including (1) avoiding disruption the pH functionality of the ISFET; (2) enabling the assessment of anode-gate distance sensitivity from a single ISFET; and (3) exploration of different electrode geometries and composition without complex ISFET fabrication. In this study, we analyzed the sensitivity of the AT measurement to the spacing of the titrant-generating electrode (anode) to the pH-sensing region of the ISFET (gate) as well as sensitivity to the electric current applied to the anode at three seawater AT compositions. The greatest sensor resolution in seawater was achieved when operating at a low anode current (5 μA) and greater anode-gate distance (∼150 to 200 μm) for the suspended anode configuration. The suspended anode configuration also showed an improvement in equivalence point determination with sharper inflections relative to the on-chip anode configuration. By averaging (N = 5), a sensor error of 2.85 μmol kg-1 was achieved over 131 measurements.","PeriodicalId":24,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sensors","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145182547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Perovskite Oxide LaFeO3 Hollow Microspheres for Highly Sensitive and Selective Detection of Li-Ion Battery Electrolyte (DMC) Leakage.","authors":"Chaoqi Zhu,Kechen Zhou,Huiyu Su,Yazhou Yang,Jiahong Tang,Xiaoxia Wang,Wulin Song,Dawen Zeng","doi":"10.1021/acssensors.5c02322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.5c02322","url":null,"abstract":"The development of highly sensitive electrolyte leakage monitoring sensors is critical for enabling early fault detection and ensuring the safe operation of lithium-ion battery (LIBs) systems. In this study, perovskite LaFeO3 hollow microspheres with an average diameter of 850 nm were synthesized via a hydrothermal method. Gas-sensing tests demonstrated that the LaFeO3 hollow microsphere sensor exhibited exceptional responsiveness to dimethyl carbonate (DMC) gas, achieving a remarkable response value of 67.9 toward 10 ppm DMC at an operating temperature of 150 °C. The sensor also showed a fast response/recovery rate (170/90 s), excellent selectivity, long-term stability, and a low detection limit of 20 ppb. This excellent gas-sensing performance may be attributed to the high specific surface area and well-developed mesoporous structure of the hollow structure. Moreover, it demonstrated rapid response capabilities in simulated leakage detection scenarios. This work presents a novel perovskite LaFeO3-based sensor that can effectively detect DMC gas leakage and provide an effective strategy for enhancing safety monitoring in LIB applications.","PeriodicalId":24,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sensors","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145153535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Facile Synthesis of Mechanically Flexible and Electrically Conductive Fluorosilicone Rubber Composites with Tunable Resistance Response for Efficient Organic Vapor Sensing.","authors":"Fan Yang,Lidong Peng,Yunzhuo Huang,Jingyang Li,Weibo Chen,Li Zhao,Jiefeng Gao,Yongqian Shi,Kun Cao,Zuanyu Chen,Guodong Zhang,Longcheng Tang","doi":"10.1021/acssensors.4c03738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.4c03738","url":null,"abstract":"Conductive polymer composites have attracted considerable attention for gas sensing applications due to the easy fabrication, mechanical flexibility, and superior sensing capability at room temperature. Herein, fluorosilicone rubber (F-SiR) composites filled with vapor-grown carbon fibers (VGCFs) were fabricated, and the organic vapor sensing performance of the composites was investigated. Various F-SiR polymers with different contents (0, 50%, 100%) of trifluoropropyl groups were synthesized via ring-opening polymerization, and the addition of highly dispersed VGCF is effective in improving the electrical conductivity of F-SiR without affecting the mechanical flexibility. Consequently, the optimized VGCF/F-SiR composite film exhibits high sensitivity (>104 resistance change), relatively rapid response time (∼34 s), and good reproducibility for detecting both static-saturated and low-concentration flowing organic vapors, superior to the traditional conductive silicone rubber composites. Notably, the composites with different trifluoropropyl groups present different organic vapor-responsive behaviors. Typically, the VGCF/50%F-SiR film-based gas sensor demonstrates good sensing selectivity for both hexane and ethyl acetate and maintains a stable gas-sensing behavior after 50 cyclic blending and twisting tests or under complex environments. Clearly, this work paves a rational method for developing advanced polymer composites as efficient organic vapor sensors by tailoring the molecular structure of silicone polymers.","PeriodicalId":24,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sensors","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145140503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}