{"title":"Single-Cas, Single-Reporter, and Time-Resolved CRISPR-Cas by Stoichiometry Coding of Multiplex crRNAs in a Single Tube for Brucella Species and ABO Genotype Identification","authors":"Qian Zhuang, , , Chen Xiao, , , Suming Tang, , , Yiming Song, , , Fang Chen, , and , Guojie Zhao*, ","doi":"10.1021/acssensors.5c01034","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acssensors.5c01034","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Genotyping is significant in identifying pathogen gene types and disease-related allele genes. Multiplex nucleic acid detection is convenient and useful for genotyping. Though CRISPR-Cas has great advantages in nucleic acid detection, multiplex detection strategies remain to be developed. Here, we propose a novel CRISPR-Cas strategy characterized by using stoichiometry coding of multiplex crRNAs. Different targets can be recognized by the corresponding crRNA with a certain amount, leading to distinguishable fluorescence difference. We employed this strategy to achieve <i>Brucella</i> species identification and human cell ABO blood genotyping. The detection can be conveniently visualized in a time-resolved way using a single tube, single Cas, and single reporter. The strategy can be employed in a PCR-coupled, RAA-coupled, or amplification-free way. The multiplex crRNA-coding CRISPR-Cas has potential application in differentiating gene types in various fields.</p>","PeriodicalId":24,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sensors","volume":"10 9","pages":"6589–6596"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145068217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Smartphone-Based Fluorescence/Colorimetric Dual-Mode Aptasensor for the Detection of Salmonella Using Multivalent Aptamer and CHA Amplification","authors":"Wenxue Xiao, , , Chengjie Sun, , , Shu Chen, , , Liangliang Xue, , , Huamao Wei, , , Ru Jia, , , Tao Huang, , , Wenge Yang, , , Jiali Xing, , , Enguang Zuo, , and , Zhaohui Qiao*, ","doi":"10.1021/acssensors.5c00936","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acssensors.5c00936","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Foodborne diseases attributed to <i>Salmonella</i> represent a substantial public health concern, necessitating the development of rapid and sensitive detection methodologies. In this study, we constructed a dual-mode fluorescent/colorimetric aptasensor, leveraging multivalent aptamer competitive assays and catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA), and integrated it with a smartphone-based portable device to expedite the detection of <i>Salmonella</i>. In this detection system, the tetrahedral DNA nanostructure-based multivalent aptamer competitive probe was designed to achieve primary signal amplification by recognizing target bacteria with high binding avidity and releasing a substantial amount of cDNA. The released cDNA subsequently triggers fluorescent and colorimetric signal readout through CHA-mediated secondary signal amplification, facilitating sensitive detection with self-referenced correction in both signal modes. The concentration of bacteria can be captured and analyzed using a smartphone-based portable device. Consequently, this method enables the quantitative detection of <i>Salmonella</i> within a linear range of 10 to 10<sup>7</sup> CFU/mL, with detection limits of 28 CFU/mL for colorimetric detection and 10 CFU/mL for fluorescent detection. Additionally, the methods demonstrated high specificity in milk, egg, cod, and chicken samples, demonstrating its practical applicability. The inherent versatility of aptamers additionally permits the potential detection of other bacterial pathogens, rendering this platform a valuable tool for food safety monitoring and clinical diagnostics.</p>","PeriodicalId":24,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sensors","volume":"10 9","pages":"6542–6552"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145059147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS SensorsPub Date : 2025-09-15DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.5c02186
Jie Wang, , , Jianyuan Mu, , , Yanli Wei*, , and , Li Wang*,
{"title":"Simultaneous Detection of Coexisting Metal Ions by a Sulfur Quantum Dot-Based Sensor Array with Analyses of PCA and HCA","authors":"Jie Wang, , , Jianyuan Mu, , , Yanli Wei*, , and , Li Wang*, ","doi":"10.1021/acssensors.5c02186","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acssensors.5c02186","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Heavy metal contamination causes a great threat to environmental sustainability and human health, making the simultaneous detection of coexisting heavy metal ions (HMIs) critically important. The advancement of sensor arrays has presented significant potential for the simultaneous identification of multiple coexisting heavy metals by integrating multiple detection channels in a single run. This study investigates a three-channel sensor array composed of three different fluorescent sulfur quantum dots (SQDs) for the sensing of HMIs in environmental samples. The specific interactions between each SQD variant and the target HMIs result in different fluorescence responses. Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis are employed to process the fluorescence signals, and the results indicate that the seven HMIs are successfully differentiated with an accuracy of 100%. Most importantly, this study demonstrates that a three-channel sensor array can work as an efficient sensing system to precisely detect multiple targets at low concentrations of 5.0–50 μM.</p>","PeriodicalId":24,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sensors","volume":"10 9","pages":"7084–7093"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145058984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS SensorsPub Date : 2025-09-14DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.5c02344
Lara Troncoso-Afonso, , , Paula Vázquez-Aristizabal, , , Gail A. Vinnacombe-Willson, , , Yolany M. Henríquez-Banegas, , , Patricia González-Callejo, , , Pablo S. Valera, , , Malou Henriksen-Lacey, , , Clara García-Astrain*, , and , Luis M. Liz-Marzán*,
{"title":"dECM-Supported Printing of Plasmonic Pillars for SERS Monitoring of Chemotherapy in 3D Tumor Models","authors":"Lara Troncoso-Afonso, , , Paula Vázquez-Aristizabal, , , Gail A. Vinnacombe-Willson, , , Yolany M. Henríquez-Banegas, , , Patricia González-Callejo, , , Pablo S. Valera, , , Malou Henriksen-Lacey, , , Clara García-Astrain*, , and , Luis M. Liz-Marzán*, ","doi":"10.1021/acssensors.5c02344","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acssensors.5c02344","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The development of antitumoral drugs is limited by the absence of <i>in vitro</i> platforms that simultaneously offer biological relevance, spatial complexity and analytical sensitivity to evaluate cellular responses. To overcome these challenges, we propose the integration of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensors into three-dimensional (3D) tumor models. We therefore engineered the incorporation of 3D printed SERS-active hydrogel pillars within a bioprinted breast cancer model featuring distinct tumor and stromal compartments. The model is manufactured using a breast-derived decellularized extracellular matrix bioink, loaded with tumoral and stromal cells, which supports cellular growth and provides the mechanical integrity required to preserve the core/shell organization of the tumor-stroma architecture. In parallel, the sensors are produced from a plasmonic hydrogel ink composed of thiolated alginate and methacrylated carboxymethyl cellulose, which can be chemically photo-cross-linked <i>via</i> thiol–ene click chemistry and loaded with plasmonic gold nanorods. This complex ink shows suitable rheological and mechanical properties for the direct 3D printing of pillar-shaped SERS sensors directly within the tumor-stroma model. These SERS-active pillars enabled the detection of the anti-cancer drug 6-thioguanine (6-TG) in the different compartments of the model, revealing asymmetric consumption of 6-TG by tumoral and stromal cells. These differences are proposed to correlate with a higher cytotoxic response in the tumor core. Therefore, our platform allows for real-time tracking of drug dynamics in a tissue-like environment, thereby offering a versatile tool for therapeutic screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":24,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sensors","volume":"10 9","pages":"7114–7123"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acssensors.5c02344","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145056641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS SensorsPub Date : 2025-09-13DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.5c01457
Tianrun Zheng, , , Yi Lu, , , Yilin Wang, , , Hong Zhou, , , Kang Yang, , , Mingxue Zhang, , , Yueying Liu, , , Fengmin Liu*, , and , Geyu Lu,
{"title":"Effect of Interface between Oxides and Noble Metal on Gas-Sensing Reactions","authors":"Tianrun Zheng, , , Yi Lu, , , Yilin Wang, , , Hong Zhou, , , Kang Yang, , , Mingxue Zhang, , , Yueying Liu, , , Fengmin Liu*, , and , Geyu Lu, ","doi":"10.1021/acssensors.5c01457","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acssensors.5c01457","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Loading noble metals is an effective way of enhancing the gas-sensing performance of metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) materials. Although the catalytic sites of noble metals can promote the sensing reaction of gas molecules, the mechanism of how noble metals influence the MOS resistance remains unclear. Herein, SnO<sub>2</sub> was combined with Pd metallene to construct a nanocomposite as a model material for investigating the gas-sensing mechanism at the interface between oxides and noble metals. Due to the large lateral scale, unique electron transfer capabilities and excellent catalytic properties, Pd metallene was used as a substitute for noble metal particles. Characterization and theoretical analysis revealed the strong metal–support interactions (SMSI) between Pd metallene and SnO<sub>2</sub>. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experimental results indicated that Pd metallene exhibits high adsorption and electron transfer capabilities for the ethanol molecule. SMSI played a crucial role in the electron transfer at the Pd metallene–SnO<sub>2</sub> interface during the gas-sensing reaction, thereby promoting changes in the resistance of SnO<sub>2</sub>. This work demonstrates the potential of Pd metallene and provides new insights into the gas-sensing reaction of MOS loaded with noble metals.</p>","PeriodicalId":24,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sensors","volume":"10 9","pages":"6755–6764"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145043839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"CRISPR/Cas12-Driven Exponential Amplification Combined with a Lateral Flow Biosensor Enabling Rapid and Highly Sensitive DNA Detection","authors":"Mengqi Huang*, , , Kunte Shang, , , Luyi Ying, , , Yuqi Han, , , Ningxi Hong, , and , Yu-Feng Yao*, ","doi":"10.1021/acssensors.5c00944","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acssensors.5c00944","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Rapid and precise detection of specific DNA is valuable for biological research and clinical disease diagnosis. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) technology can enhance existing DNA testing, making DNA detection faster, more portable, and more accurate. This study presents a new Cas12-driven exponential amplification-based lateral flow biosensor (CADEX-LF) for rapid and highly sensitive DNA detection. CADEX-LF takes full advantage of the highly specific target-loading-dependent <i>trans</i>-cleavage activity of Cas12 and the extremely high efficiency of nicking endonuclease-mediated exponential amplification. The adoption of lateral flow readout enables CADEX-LF for point-of-care (POC) use without requiring complicated supplementary equipment. CADEX-LF was shown to achieve a detection sensitivity of 2 × 10<sup>–15</sup> M within 45 min of measurement time and displayed outstanding specificity with double-base resolution. Furthermore, CADEX-LF could identify herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) DNA in tears of rabbits and clinical patients with HSV-1 keratitis, exhibiting its practical application potential in clinical diagnosis. The proposed CADEX-LF biosensor may have great promise for point-of-care disease diagnosis in resource-limited environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":24,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sensors","volume":"10 9","pages":"6553–6563"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145036043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advances in 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenide-Based Gas Sensors","authors":"Chandan Patra*, , , Vijay Kumar Guna, , , Sohini Chakraborty, , , Subrata Mondal, , and , Yerumbu Nandakishora, ","doi":"10.1021/acssensors.5c02126","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acssensors.5c02126","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), such as MoS<sub>2</sub>, MoSe<sub>2</sub>, MoTe<sub>2</sub>, WS<sub>2</sub>, TaS<sub>2</sub>, and VS<sub>2</sub> have emerged as highly promising candidates for next-generation gas sensors due to their unique electrical, chemical, and mechanical properties. Their high surface-to-volume ratio, tunable bandgaps, and ability to operate at room temperature make them particularly attractive for low-power, highly sensitive, and selective detection of toxic gases such as NO<sub>2</sub>, NH<sub>3</sub>, CO, and H<sub>2</sub>S. These characteristics are especially relevant for modern applications in flexible and wearable electronics, where sensors must be compact, efficient, and compatible with Internet of things (IoT) technologies. This review critically examines recent advancements in TMD-based gas sensors, with a focus on synthesis strategies (e.g., chemical vapor deposition, exfoliation, and hydrothermal methods), sensing mechanisms, and performance metrics including sensitivity, selectivity, and response/recovery times. Furthermore, we discuss enhancement techniques such as defect engineering, doping, heterostructuring, and surface functionalization to improve sensor performance. The review concludes with an outlook on the key challenges and future directions for integrating TMD-based sensors into scalable, energy-efficient, and commercially viable environmental monitoring systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":24,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sensors","volume":"10 9","pages":"6347–6379"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145036042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS SensorsPub Date : 2025-09-11DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.5c02567
Yangjun Cui, , , Long Gao, , , Cuifeng Ying*, , , Jianguo Tian*, , and , Zhibo Liu*,
{"title":"Graphene Nanochannels for Label-Free Protein Detection and Protein–Protein Interaction Analysis","authors":"Yangjun Cui, , , Long Gao, , , Cuifeng Ying*, , , Jianguo Tian*, , and , Zhibo Liu*, ","doi":"10.1021/acssensors.5c02567","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acssensors.5c02567","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Resistive pulse sensing, utilizing the electrophoretic movement of proteins through nanopores or nanochannels, has emerged as a promising method for label-free protein detection and characterization. However, traditional solid-state materials, such as Si, SiO<sub>2</sub>, SiN<sub><i>x</i></sub>, and polydimethylsiloxane, suffer from significant limitations, including nonspecific protein interactions with solid surfaces that cause channel blockage, preventing the long-term reliability of resistive pulse sensing. In contrast, two-dimensional materials have attracted much attention due to their potential in biomolecular detection because of their ultrathin thickness, ultrahigh surface flatness, and extremely high mechanical strength. Among them, the extremely high surface flatness helps to reduce the transport resistance of biomolecules moving on its surface. Here, we demonstrate that graphene nanochannels, fabricated via layer assembly, provide exceptional properties for protein analysis, including low noise, high surface smoothness, and minimal nonspecific protein adsorption. These attributes make graphene nanochannels an ideal platform for long-term, stable protein characterization. Our findings show that these nanochannels can effectively differentiate between five distinct proteins based on resistive pulse signals. Additionally, we utilized the nanochannels to monitor the binding dynamics of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and the aggregation process of β-lactoglobulin, revealing the capability of graphene nanochannels in detecting protein–protein interactions and molecular conformational changes. This work highlights the potential of graphene nanochannels as powerful tools for label-free, highly sensitive protein identification and interaction studies, marking a significant advancement in biosensing technology in biomolecular research and diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":24,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sensors","volume":"10 9","pages":"7157–7165"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145036048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mechanically Heterogeneous Architecture Enables Robust and Ultrathin Bioelectronics for High-Fidelity Biosignal Monitoring","authors":"Xiangheng Du, , , Liang Wu, , , Rouhui Yu, , , Zhongyao Fan, , , Yaqi Chen, , , Tao Zhou, , , Zhonghua Yang, , , Yuan Liu, , , Meifang Zhu, , and , Shaowu Pan*, ","doi":"10.1021/acssensors.5c02247","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acssensors.5c02247","url":null,"abstract":"<p >High-fidelity biosignal monitoring is essential for daily health tracking and the diagnosis of chronic diseases. However, developing bioelectrodes capable of withstanding repeated use and mechanical deformation on wet tissue surfaces remains a significant challenge. Here, we present a robust and ultrathin bioelectrode (RUB), featuring a mechanically heterogeneous architecture and a thickness of ∼3 μm. In this design, a hydrophobic and stretchable polymer microfiber network is embedded within the brittle poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) matrix, significantly enhancing both mechanical integrity and electrical stability. The RUB exhibits excellent tolerance to repeated use and mechanical deformation on wet tissue surfaces, enabled by noncovalent adhesion. Significantly, the RUB retains ∼94.2% of its initial signal-to-noise ratio in electromyography monitoring after 100 reuse cycles with ethanol cleaning, showing a 4.3-fold enhancement compared to the uncleaned electrode (∼17.9% after 50 cycles). Additionally, the RUB reliably captures electrocardiogram (ECG) signal variations in response to different intensities of physical activity and isoproterenol hydrochloride treatment, offering valuable data for health analysis. Moreover, the RUB can reliably monitor high-fidelity ECG signals on tissue surfaces, even under ∼20% deformation. The ultrathin bioelectronics, enhanced by mechanically heterogeneous architecture, demonstrate strong potential for biointerface applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":24,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sensors","volume":"10 9","pages":"7104–7113"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145031977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS SensorsPub Date : 2025-09-11DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.5c02031
Kangzheng Lv, , , Yuan Zhang, , , Ke Tang, , , Wei Huang, , , Feng Chen, , , Meihua Chen*, , , Yan Wang*, , and , Juan Zhang*,
{"title":"A Machine Learning-Driven Cyclic Optimizing Strategy for the Construction of Paper-Based Microfluidic Devices in the Early Diagnosis of Periodontitis","authors":"Kangzheng Lv, , , Yuan Zhang, , , Ke Tang, , , Wei Huang, , , Feng Chen, , , Meihua Chen*, , , Yan Wang*, , and , Juan Zhang*, ","doi":"10.1021/acssensors.5c02031","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acssensors.5c02031","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The lack of effective optimization strategies hinders the optimal performance of paper-based microfluidic analytical devices (μPADs). In this work, a Machine Learning-driven Computer vision-BP Neural Networks-Genetic Algorithm-based Cyclic Optimizing Strategy (CNGCOS) has been explored to assist in the parameter optimization and engineering of the μPADs. With dual-signal output of color intensity (CI) and colorimetric distance (CD), the optimized μPADs can serve for rapid point-of-care detection of salivary hemoglobin (Hb), an early biomarker for the diagnosis of periodontitis. Moreover, the CNGCOS-assisted μPADs demonstrates high accuracy and superior sensitivity, with an <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> value of 0.998 and a detection limit as low as 1.57 μg/mL for CI output, and an <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> value of 0.992 with a detection limit of 3 μg/mL for CD output. Furthermore, the constructed CNGCOS-assisted μPADs have been applied for the analysis of clinical saliva samples for early diagnosis of periodontitis. Successful detection in 103 clinical cases further validates the exceptional performance and accuracy of the CNGCOS-assisted μPADs. Therefore, the explored CNGCOS has great potential for the optimization of engineering devices for early diagnosis and treatment of diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":24,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sensors","volume":"10 9","pages":"7002–7013"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145036049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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