{"title":"l-Lactate Oxidase-Based Biosensor Enables Quasi-Calibration-Free Detection of l-Lactate in Sweat of Acidic to Neutral pH.","authors":"Kosuke Ike, Kousuke Muto, Takahiro Hioki, Noya Loew, Isao Shitanda, Masafumi Takesue, Mitsuyoshi Okuda","doi":"10.1021/acssensors.5c01238","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acssensors.5c01238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>l-lactate biosensing has attracted attention in recent years in sports, medicine, and nursing care fields as well as in food manufacturing and biotechnology industries. In particular, l-lactate in human sweat, a biological indicator that can be collected noninvasively, has driven rapid progress in the research and development of sensing technology, positioning sweat as a new target to replace blood and interstitial fluid. The key to l-lactate sensing in human sweat, which contains various biological components, is using l-lactate oxidase (LOX) as a recognition element. l-lactate can be specifically, continuously, and quantitatively measured using this enzyme electrode. However, as conventional LOX is affected by acidic pH, biosensors must be calibrated for each individual for accurate l-lactate quantification owing to individual differences in sweat pH. Furthermore, fluctuations in sweat pH during exercise lead to inaccuracies in the detected l-lactate levels. Therefore, identifying LOX active in acidic pH is crucial. Here, we report a novel LOX with acidic pH tolerance and a technology that enables constant detection of l-lactate levels in acidic to neutral pH sweat. Phylogenetic analysis of α-hydroxy acid oxidase in a public protein database, with the evaluation of heterologously expressed enzymes, revealed the existence of a novel LOX with better acidic pH tolerance compared to that observed with conventional LOX. Furthermore, applying the novel LOX to a paper electrode screen-printed with MgO-templated carbon enhanced the l-lactate response at acidic pH compared to that observed with conventional enzyme electrodes while maintaining a pH-independent response to l-lactate. Overall, biosensors utilizing this novel LOX will be quasi-calibration-free, by eliminating the need for adjusting the calibration according to changes in pH. Thus, our findings contribute to expanding the use of l-lactate biosensors targeting sweat and accelerating their societal application.</p>","PeriodicalId":24,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sensors","volume":" ","pages":"4707-4716"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12210267/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144232641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kamrul Hassan*, Anh Tuan Trong Tran, M. A. Jalil, Tran Thanh Tung, Md Julker Nine and Dusan Losic*,
{"title":"","authors":"Kamrul Hassan*, Anh Tuan Trong Tran, M. A. Jalil, Tran Thanh Tung, Md Julker Nine and Dusan Losic*, ","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":24,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sensors","volume":"10 6","pages":"XXX-XXX XXX-XXX"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acssensors.4c03281","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144488999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}