Aquatic Toxicology最新文献

{"title":"Neurotoxicity and aggressive behavior induced by anesthetic etomidate exposure in zebrafish: Insights from multi-omics and machine learning","authors":"Xuewei Li ,&nbsp;Xuhui Lin ,&nbsp;Zheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Zile Zhuang ,&nbsp;Yihan Li ,&nbsp;Yuxuan Luo ,&nbsp;Yupeng Pan ,&nbsp;Qizhi Luo ,&nbsp;Xuncai Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107321","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107321","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Etomidate (ETO), widely employed as a surgical anesthetic and more recently recognized as a drug of abuse, has been frequently detected in aquatic environment. However, the toxicity assessment of ETO is insufficient. Adult zebrafish were used to investigate toxicological effects of ETO. Four weeks ETO exposure could induced abnormal behaviors, including reduced anxiety, memory impairment, and heightened aggression. The increased aggression was quantitatively characterized using machine learning, which revealed significantly elevated instantaneous velocity and drastic changes in angular velocity. ETO was predominantly accumulated in the zebrafish brain, where it binds to GABA-A receptors, leading to a significant increase in GABA content. Furthermore, fluorescent staining of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the brain revealed that ETO exposure significantly increased the oxidative stress level. This oxidative stress resulted in mitochondrial swelling, rupture, and damage to myelinated nerve fibers, ultimately causing cerebral injury in zebrafish. Multi-omics analysis further elucidated that ETO exposure down-regulated the MAPK signaling pathway, hyperactivated motor proteins, and induced metabolic disorders of lipids and amino acids. In summary, this study demonstrates that ETO induces neurotoxicity and behavioral alterations in zebrafish. These findings provide a critical insight into the mechanisms underlying ETO's neurotoxic effects and contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of its environmental and health risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"282 ","pages":"Article 107321"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community-level effects of a neonicotinoid pesticide on the metabolism of freshwater microorganisms","authors":"Alessandra CERA ,&nbsp;Sakie KODAMA ,&nbsp;Leanne K. FAULKS ,&nbsp;Hiroshi HAKOYAMA","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107311","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107311","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study provides an ecotoxicological assessment of the effects of the neonicotinoid dinotefuran on freshwater microorganisms. Epilithic biofilm was sampled from a small stream and exposed to dinotefuran for 14 days in Biolog EcoPlates. In general, we found that a concentration of 0.100 mg <span>l</span>^-1 of dinotefuran induced the microorganism community to catabolise carbon sources faster. However, catabolic activity varied depending on the type of carbon source. Catabolism increased for Putrescine (+4673 %), Serine (+376 %), Galacturonic Acid (+206 %), Pyruvic Acid Methyl Ester (+177 %), and Gamma Amino Butyric Acid (+113 %); and decreased for Arginine (-59 %), Asparagine (-26 %), and Mannitol (-21 %). This is the first study in which EcoPlates have been used to investigate the effects of dinotefuran on freshwater epilithic biofilm at an environmentally realistic concentration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"282 ","pages":"Article 107311"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicity of microplastics polystyrene to freshwater planarians and the alleviative effects of anthocyanins","authors":"He-Cai Zhang,&nbsp;Xiao-Qing Yang,&nbsp;Cai-Hui Wang,&nbsp;Chang-Yang Shang,&nbsp;Chang-Ying Shi,&nbsp;Guang-Wen Chen,&nbsp;De-Zeng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107310","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107310","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is impossible to overlook the effects of microplastics (MPs) on aquatic organisms as they continuously accumulate in water environment. Freshwater planarians, which exist in the benthic zone of water bodies and come into contact with the deposited MPs particles, provide a highly representative model for studying the effects of MPs on aquatic organisms. Anthocyanins (ANTs) have gained significant popularity in recent years for their diverse health benefits. In the current study, the median lethal concentration (LC₅₀) of polystyrene (PS) to planarian <em>Dugesia japonica</em> was determined for the first time. Based on this, multiple toxic effects of single PS and PS in combination with ANTs on planarians were explored. The results showed that PS exposure disrupted the redox homeostasis and induced oxidative damage in planarians. Also, PS stress affected the neuromorphology, aggravated cell apoptosis in planarians probably by altering neural gene expressions as well as promoting the expression of apoptosis-related genes while inhibiting stem cell marker genes. In addition, the results also suggested that co-exposure of ANTs could effectively alleviate the toxicity of PS on planarians. Particularly, long-term environmentally relevant concentration PS exposure exhibited a higher propensity for inducing toxicity on planarians than short-term high concentration acute exposure, indicating that the harm of environmental MPs to humans and wildlife exposed to them should not be underestimated. Therefore, considering the recently rising and rapid development of ecotoxicomics, more in-depth research on the toxicity mechanism of environmentally relevant concentration PS-MPs to freshwater planarians from multi-omics levels will be our future work.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"282 ","pages":"Article 107310"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individual and combined toxicity of personal care products and pharmaceuticals at environmentally relevant concentrations due to chronic exposure of the freshwater microcrustacean Daphnia magna","authors":"Alana Rafaela Batista Leite ,&nbsp;Silvia Pedroso Melegari ,&nbsp;William Gerson Matias","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Personal care products and pharmaceuticals, namely sodium diclofenac (DCF), octocrylene (OCT), and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), are relevant chemical products classified as contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). They can enter aquatic ecosystems from various anthropogenic sources. This study examined the acute and chronic toxic effects of exposure to these substances, individually and in binary mixtures (OCT + SDS, SDS + DCF, DCF + SDS). Chronic effects were evaluated at environmentally relevant concentrations. To evaluate the mixtures, the Abbott method was used to predict acute toxicity using the inhibition ratio value, while for chronic effects, the concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA) models were used for predictive assessment. According to EC50_48h values, the toxicity levels to <em>D. magna</em> were OCT &gt; SDS &gt; DCF. When exposed to binary mixtures, these compounds predominantly exhibited antagonistic interaction for acute effects. Regarding chronic effects, there were no observed effects at the environmentally relevant concentrations tested for individual and mixed exposure compared to the control. The locomotion parameter exhibited a difference in dispersion with increasing chemical concentration. These results can improve understanding of the damage produced by exposure to mixtures of different CECs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"282 ","pages":"Article 107307"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunotoxicity of thyroid hormone system disrupting compounds in fish","authors":"Florentina Hasani ,&nbsp;Lisa Baumann","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107309","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107309","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) are among the most studied environmental pollutants in the field of (eco)toxicology, and different fish species are commonly used as model organisms, especially for studying reprotoxic effects. Despite the scientific and regulatory importance of EDCs, little attention has been given to their immunotoxic effects in fish. Basic knowledge and test systems for immune-related outcomes in fish are limited. For example, while the impact of estrogenic EDCs on the fish immune system has raised some attention in the last decade, thyroid hormone system disrupting compounds (THSDCs) and their impact on the fish immune system are less well studied. Thus, this literature review is aimed at describing the immunomodulatory roles of thyroid hormones (THs), as well as summarizing the existing research on the immunotoxicity of THSDCs in fish. A simplified potential adverse outcome pathway (AOP) was created, explaining the key events between THSD and lowered survival of fish experiencing pathogen infections along with chemical exposure. This AOP demonstrates that THSDCs can alter immune system functioning on a molecular, cellular, and organism level and, therefore, lead to reduced survival by lowering pathogen resistance of fish. However, available data were mainly limited to molecular analyses of immune-related biomarkers and included only few studies that conducted experiments demonstrating immunotoxic effects at organism level that can inform about population-relevant outcomes. Our putatively developed and simplified AOP can support the incorporation of immune-related endpoints in EDC testing guidelines and aid the development of risk assessments for THSDCs for human and environmental health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"282 ","pages":"Article 107309"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune response to polystyrene microplastics: Regulation of inflammatory response via the ROS-driven NF-κB pathway in zebrafish (Danio rerio)","authors":"Jincheng Pei ,&nbsp;Shannan Chen ,&nbsp;Qingxia Ke ,&nbsp;Anning Pang ,&nbsp;Mengmeng Niu ,&nbsp;Nan Li ,&nbsp;Jiayi Li ,&nbsp;Zhi Wang ,&nbsp;Hongjuan Wu ,&nbsp;Pin Nie","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107308","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107308","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is increasing apprehension regarding the rising prevalence of microplastics (MPs) in aquatic ecosystems. Although MPs cause toxicological effect on fish via diverse pathways, the precise immunotoxicological mechanism is yet to be fully understood. Utilizing zebrafish in early developmental stages and zebrafish embryonic fibroblast (ZF4) as models, this study delved into the immune response elicited by polystyrene MPs (PS-MPs). It was observed that larvae predominantly accumulate 3 μm PS-MPs in their intestines through ingestion, leading to notable changes in locomotor behavior and histopathological alterations. Further investigation revealed that short-term exposure to PS-MPs triggers oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation in zebrafish. This is evidenced by the upregulation of OS and inflammation-related genes, increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malonaldehyde (MDA), and inflammatory cytokines, altered activities of antioxidant enzymes, along with induced recruitment of leukocyte in larvae. Cellular assays confirmed that PS-MPs elevate intracellular ROS in ZF4 cells and enhance the nuclear translocation of NF-κB P65. Notably, the activation of NF-κB and the upsurge in inflammatory cytokines can be mitigated by inhibiting ROS. This research highlights the significance of the ROS-triggered NF-κB signaling cascade in PS-MPs-mediated inflammation within zebrafish, illuminating the possible processes that underlie the innate immune system of fish toxicity caused by MPs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"282 ","pages":"Article 107308"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular basis for the effects of SSRIs in non-target aquatic invertebrates: A case study with Mytilus galloprovincialis early larvae","authors":"Beatrice Risso ,&nbsp;Angelica Miglioli ,&nbsp;Teresa Balbi ,&nbsp;Rémi Dumollard ,&nbsp;Laura Canesi","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107306","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107306","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) are among the most prescribed antidepressants, whose increasing consumption results in a continuous discharge into aquatic compartments, where they are detected at ng-µg/L levels. Whilst designed to modulate endogenous levels of circulating Serotonin (5-HT) in humans by selectively interfering with serotonin reuptake transporters (SERTs), SSRIs have been shown to induce a variety of adverse effects in non-target species, including aquatic invertebrates.</div><div>In bivalve molluscs, adult exposure to environmental concentrations of SSRIs results in tissue bioaccumulation and induces different biomarker responses. However, the effects were not related to the mechanisms of action of SSRIs, due to poor knowledge of their direct molecular targets, SERT in particular. Much less information is available in embryo-larval stages.</div><div>In this work, the effects of different SSRIs (Fluoxetine, Citalopram, Sertraline, 1–100 µg/L) were compared in the model of <em>Mytilus galloprovincialis</em> embryo-larval development. SSRIs showed small or no effects on normal larval development at 48 h post fertilization (hpf). The possible direct or indirect molecular targets of SSRIs were thus investigated in mussel larvae. Two conserved SERT sequences, SERT1-<em>like</em> and SERT2-<em>like</em>, were identified in <em>M. galloprovincialis</em> genome: their developmental expression showed increased transcription only from 44 and 20 hpf, respectively. A much higher and earlier expression (from 12 hpf) was observed for TPH (Tryptophan Hydroxylase), the rate limiting enzyme in 5-HT synthesis. Double <em>in situ</em> Hybridization Chain Reaction (HCR) showed partial colocalisation of TPH with SERT1-<em>like</em> and SERT2-<em>like</em> transcripts in 48 hpf larvae. At this stage, SSRIs induced a small but significant decrease in the number of TPH-positive cells. Finally, 19 Nose Resistance to Fluoxetine (nrf) sequences were identified, that were highly expressed across all early stages (0–48 hpf). At 48 hpf, nrf expression was associated with the digestive system. The results represent the first data on the establishment of the serotonergic system in mussel early larvae, representing the molecular basis for understanding the effects of SSRIs and their mechanisms of action in model non-target marine invertebrates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"282 ","pages":"Article 107306"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microplastics in Estonian wastewater treatment plants: First evaluation of baseline concentrations and stage-wise removal efficiency","authors":"Ayankoya Yemi Ayankunle ,&nbsp;Natalja Buhhalko ,&nbsp;Karin Pachel ,&nbsp;Erki Lember ,&nbsp;Asya Drenkova-Tuhtan ,&nbsp;Margit Heinlaan","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are important pathways of microplastics (MPs) into the environment. To date, the extent of MPs contamination from Estonian WWTPs, located at the Baltic Sea, is not known. To establish MPs baseline levels in the Estonian wastewater treatment system and evaluate MPs removal efficiency, six WWTPs were selected for evaluation. From each plant, 24 h composite samples were collected from raw influent, after primary treatment, and from secondary effluent using an automated sampler with a three-layered sieve system. Upon Fenton-H₂O₂ digestion of organic matter, ≥ 300 µm MPs were quantified by microscope and categorized by size, shape and color. At least 50 % of microscopically identified MPs were analyzed by µFTIR, identifying at least 78 % of these as artificial polymers.</div><div>The results showed that MPs concentrations in the WWTPs’ influents were 205 – 520 MPs/L of which 36 – 94 % was removed during mechanical treatment. As a result of the overall MPs removal efficiency of 99.6 – 99.8 % compared to the influent, 0.5 – 1.4 MPs/L was quantified in the final effluent of the WWTPs. Fibers, fragments and films were recorded in the influent whereas the effluents were dominated by fibers. Fragments and films were mainly composed of polypropylene (PP) and -ethylene, while fibers had more diverse polymeric compositions incl. PP, polyethylene terephthalate and polyacrylonitrile. Despite high MPs removal rates, in total, the six studied WWTP discharge about 9,7E+07 MPs/day in the environment. The obtained results are significant for future regulatory and research endeavors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"281 ","pages":"Article 107305"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143529324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinctive lipidomic responses induced by polystyrene micro- and nano-plastics in zebrafish liver cells","authors":"Tiantian Wang ,&nbsp;Miquel Perelló Amorós ,&nbsp;Gemma Lopez Llao ,&nbsp;Cinta Porte","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite growing awareness of the size-dependent toxicity caused by micro- and nano-plastics (MNPs) in fish, the modulation of the liver lipidome as a function of particle size has not been thoroughly investigated. This study explores the subcellular and molecular responses induced by polystyrene microplastics (MPs, 1 µm) and nano-plastics (NPs, 52 nm) in zebrafish liver (ZFL) cells, with a focus on the modulation of the cell's lipidome and gene expression profiles. Both particle sizes are readily internalized by ZFL cells; however, NPs had a more pronounced impact compared to MPs. Lipidomic analysis revealed that MPs decreased polyunsaturated phospholipids, while NPs increased ether-linked phosphatidylcholines (PC-Ps/PC<img>Os). Gene expression analysis showed that high concentrations of MPs down-regulated the expression of fatty acid synthesis related genes, and significantly downregulated the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (<em>mtp)</em> gene, indicating a perturbation in lipid storage metabolism, which was not observed for NP exposure. In contrast, NPs induced a dose-dependent accumulation of lipids, suggesting increased lipid droplet formation and an activation of ceramide-mediated apoptosis pathway. These findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of MNP toxicity and emphasize the importance of considering particle size when assessing environmental and health risks. Furthermore, this study highlights the potential of lipidomics for elucidating the mechanisms underlying MNP toxicity, prompting further research into of the long-term consequences of exposure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"281 ","pages":"Article 107291"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143474619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of temperature on the physiology and phytoremediation capacity of Spirodela polyrhiza exposed to atrazine and S-metolachlor","authors":"Fernanda Vieira da Silva Cruz ,&nbsp;Philippe Venne ,&nbsp;Pedro Segura ,&nbsp;Philippe Juneau","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107304","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107304","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmental toxicity of pesticides to aquatic plants can vary with temperature, as temperature affects plant metabolic processes. We exposed the globally distributed duckweed <em>Spirodela polyrhiza</em> to environmentally relevant concentrations (40 µg/L) of atrazine and <em>S</em>-metolachlor at temperatures typical of surface freshwater in temperate zones (10, 15, and 21 °C). Our objective was to assess the effects of low temperatures and herbicide concentration, and their interactions, on growth, photosynthesis, pigments, antioxidant enzymes, and phytoremediation capacity. Lower temperatures (10 °C) intensified the adverse effects of both herbicides on the quantum yield of photosystem II in <em>S. polyrhiza</em>, with photosynthesis being a more sensitive endpoint than biomass growth rate. Both in the control and herbicide treatments, plants exposed to 10 °C exhibited lower concentrations of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls and carotenoids) and reduced ascorbate peroxidase activity, which may have contributed to the intensified negative effects on photosynthesis at this temperature. The removal of <em>S</em>-metolachlor was lower at 10 and 15 °C (3–8 %) compared to 21 °C (17 %), while no difference was observed between the three tested temperatures for atrazine (2–8 %). Our findings suggest that conducting pesticide toxicity tests at around 25 °C may underestimate the contaminants' inhibitory effects on aquatic plants during colder seasons and in temperate regions. Additionally, lower temperatures pose a challenge to the effectiveness of atrazine and <em>S</em>-metolachlor phytoremediation in aquatic environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"282 ","pages":"Article 107304"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}