Aquatic Toxicology最新文献

{"title":"Pregnane X receptor attenuates gold nanoparticles’ toxicity through accelerating zebrafish embryo hatching","authors":"Jia Hu ,&nbsp;Jingjing Tian ,&nbsp;Pai Liu ,&nbsp;Qian Zhang ,&nbsp;Ningyao Li ,&nbsp;Jian Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107399","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is well known that fish embryos are vulnerable to waterborne nanoparticles (NPs), with delayed hatching being the most common and sensitive endpoint. Up-regulation of hatching enzymes has been believed to be an important detoxification mechanism for NPs, but the inner mechanism for such phenomena has been seldom investigated. This study aimed to investigate the role of pregnane X receptor (Pxr) in maintaining the robustness of embryo hatching after treatment with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs, 4 and 82 nm). For this purpose, embryos from mating of 6-month-old wild-type (WT) AB strain zebrafish (<em>Danio rerio</em>, 3∼4-cm-length) were treated with AuNPs since 4 h post-fertilization (hpf). It was found that both AuNPs significantly inhibited embryo hatching after 52-h treatment, with Au-4 being more toxic at the same mass concentrations. At non-toxic concentrations and median effective concentrations (EC₅₀) of delayed hatching, both AuNPs induced the mRNA expression of HEs and Pxr at 48 hpf, and Au-4 seemed to be more effective. The induction extents of HEs by AuNPs decreased when Pxr was knocked out or inhibited, indicating the role of Pxr in such process. Additionally, knockout/inhibition of Pxr significantly delayed the hatching of embryos at 56 hpf, and activation of Pxr accelerated the process at moderate concentrations. Such phenomena correlated well with the alterations in the mRNA expression and activities of HEs, indicating a fact that AuNPs activated Pxr and up-regulated HEs, which helped the detoxification of AuNPs. RNA-sequencing analysis of WT and <em>pxr</em>-deficient embryos at 24 hpf confirmed the alteration of <em>he1.1&amp;1.2</em>. In addition, Pxr influenced mRNA encoding muscle development (muscle system process and striated muscle tissue development) and energy metabolism (carbohydrate metabolic process and ATP metabolic process), which were related to the motility of embryos and determined the hatching speed. Such function was confirmed by the reduced locomotor activity of pxr-deficient larvae at 120 hpf. Overall, these results suggested a novel role of Pxr in promoting the hatching of zebrafish embryos, which contributed to the detoxification of AuNPs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"284 ","pages":"Article 107399"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143911593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of PFDA toxicity on RTgill-W1 cell line via metabolomics and lipidomics approaches","authors":"Thao V. Nguyen ,&nbsp;Anu Kumar ,&nbsp;Maryam Taraji ,&nbsp;Natoiya D.R. Lloyd","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107395","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107395","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), a long-chain perfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS), is known for its environmental persistence and potential toxicity. This study evaluated PFDA toxicity in the RTgill-W1 cell line, a model for aquatic toxicology, using a combination of cell viability assays, reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurements, and high-throughput metabolomics and lipidomics. PFDA exposure resulted in significant, dose-dependent reductions in cell viability and increased ROS production, with an EC₅₀ value of 51.9 ± 1.7 mg/L, highlighting its cytotoxic potential. Metabolomic profiling revealed dose-dependent disruptions in 168 metabolites, impacting pathways related to <em>amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, vitamin and cofactor metabolism</em>, and <em>nucleotide metabolism</em>. Furthermore, lipidomic analysis identified 102 significantly altered lipids, primary affecting <em>glycerolipid metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, glycerophospholipid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism -</em> suggesting compromised membrane integrity, energy production, and signalling processes. These findings underscore PFDA’s capacity to interfere with critical cellular processes and highlight the utility of integrated omics approaches in elucidating the molecular mechanisms of PFAS toxicity. Future studies should focus on validating fish cell assays through short-term <em>in vivo</em> tests to enhance their reliability and ecological relevance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"284 ","pages":"Article 107395"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143917406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecotoxicological impact of the fungicide tebuconazole on fish: a historical review, global trends and challenges","authors":"Bianca Leite Carnib ,&nbsp;Felipe Cirqueira ,&nbsp;Jerusa Maria de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Thiago Lopes Rocha","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107398","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107398","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tebuconazole (TBZ) is a triazole fungicide broadly used to control fungal diseases in agricultural crops, fruit-bearing plants and forestry plantation<strong>s</strong>. However, its increasing use and release into aquatic environments has raised concerns about its hazardous effects on the health of fish. Thus, the aim of the present study was to review the scientific literature on the ecotoxicological effects of TBZ and TBZ-based commercial formulations on fish. Historical review data (publication year and geographical distribution), TBZ type, experimental design, fish species, habitat, life stage, tissue/organ, lethal concentration (LC₅₀), concentration and exposure time, biomarkers and effects were compiled and critically analyzed. Studies were mainly conducted with freshwater species at adult and larval stages, whereas no data were find for marine fish species. Zebrafish, (<em>Danio rerio</em>) was the most assessed species. Both TBZ and TBZ-based commercial formulations induced oxidative stress, endocrine disruption, neurotoxicity, genotoxicity, histopathologies, behavior impairments and mortality on fish. TBZ can induce synergistic and antagonistic effects on fish when it is combined to other pesticides. Overall, the current study has shown the potential hazardous effects of TBZ and TBZ-based commercial formulations on the health of fish.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"284 ","pages":"Article 107398"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hexafluoropropylene oxide trimer acid induces olfactory toxicity to crucian carp by disrupting olfactory function and olfactory-mediated behavior","authors":"Shimin Zeng ,&nbsp;Changlun Tong ,&nbsp;Fangxing Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107391","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107391","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hexafluoropropylene oxide trimer acid (HFPO-TA), an emerging substitute for perfluorooctanoic acid, has been widely detected in aquatic environment and received extensive attentions of research due to its potential toxicity. However, the olfactory toxicity of HFPO-TA remains unknown yet. In the study, the effects of HFPO-TA on the olfactory epithelium (OE) and olfactory bulb (OB) were investigated in crucian carp as well as the behavioral response to olfactory stimulants. The results show that exposure to HFPO-TA inhibited the expression of genes encoding olfactory G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), reduced the activities of ion transporter enzymes Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase and Ca²⁺-ATPase, as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), increasing the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), inducing the activities of caspase-1 and caspase-3, and causing tissue damage in the OE of crucian carp. Similarly, exposure to HFPO-TA also induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in the OB. Moreover, the levels of neurotransmitters including 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), glutamate (Glu), acetylcholine (Ach), and the appetite regulator neuropeptide Y (NPY) were depressed in the OB. The behavioral test indicates that HFPO-TA altered the preference of crucian carp for food stimulants. Therefore, HFPO-TA poses olfactory toxicity to crucian carp by disrupting olfactory function and olfactory-mediated behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"284 ","pages":"Article 107391"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143922274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of carbendazim, either alone or combined with benzophenone-3, on testicular development in Xenopus laevis","authors":"Jie Li ,&nbsp;Hai-Ming Xu ,&nbsp;Xing-Hong Li ,&nbsp;Yuan-Yuan Li ,&nbsp;Zhan-Fen Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107393","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107393","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fungicide carbendazim (CBZ), widely present in aquatic environments, has been reported to disrupt testicular development in rodents, yet its impacts on amphibians remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effects of environmentally-relevant concentrations of CBZ (1, 10, 100 μg/L) on early testicular development in <em>Xenopus laevis</em> following exposure from Nieuwkoop-Faber (NF) stages 45/46 to 52 in Experiment I. While all the concentrations of CBZ inhibited tadpole development, 10 and 100 μg/L CBZ caused retarded testicular development, which was characterized by morphological abnormality, suppressed cell proliferation and reduced germ cells, along with downregulation of testis-biased genes and upregulation of ovary-biased genes in certain concentration groups. Although 1 μg/L CBZ did not lead to significant changes in these testicular parameters, their declining trends are of concern, especially when considering its combined exposure with other contaminants. Thus, we conducted Experiment II to address the combined effects of 1 μg/L CBZ with the UV filter benzophenone-3 (BP-3), which was reported to affect testicular development in <em>X. laevis</em>, on testicular development from stages 45/46 to 66. As expected, we found that co-exposure to 1 μg/L CBZ and 2.28 μg/L BP-3 produced smaller testis size accompanied with fewer germ cells compared to the control, while alone exposure had no significant effects on the two parameters, exhibiting a synergistic effect on testicular development. Besides, their combined exposure also exerted synergistic effects with regard to metamorphic delay, increased liver weight and hepatic histological changes. Our findings emphasize the impacts of environmentally relevant concentrations of CBZ alone or in combination with UV-filters on testicular development, highlighting the ecological risk of these contaminants especially their mixtures for amphibians, which warrants continued attention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"284 ","pages":"Article 107393"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143901881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BDE-47 induces apoptosis and ferroptosis in Pseudosciaena crocea kidney (PCK) cells by disrupting mitochondrial energy metabolism","authors":"Sai Cao ,&nbsp;Xiaocheng Wang ,&nbsp;Qian Liu ,&nbsp;Mengxue Xu ,&nbsp;Zhaoning Wang ,&nbsp;Yongshun Jiang ,&nbsp;You Wang ,&nbsp;Zhongyuan Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107387","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107387","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>2,2′,4,4′-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47), an emerging contaminant (EC), is widely used in the production of brominated flame retardants and is biotoxic to marine organisms. However, our understanding of the mechanism of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)-induced toxicity remains incomplete. In this study, BDE-47 cytotoxicity after short-term exposure was investigated in PCK cells. BDE-47 significantly decreased cell viability, and morphological alterations were observed. Moreover, BDE-47 exposure induced apoptosis and ferroptosis, a newly described form of iron-mediated cell death, as demonstrated by transcriptomic analysis and physiological/biochemical tests. The observed cell death was associated with mitochondrial damage and a decrease in ATP production. Pharmacological intervention of cytotoxicity via 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR), an activator of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) protein, a regulator of energy, strongly confirmed the causal relationship between cell death and energy metabolism dysfunction. Furthermore, lipidomic analysis revealed lipid metabolism disorders resulting from the accumulation of triglycerides (TGs) and glycerophospholipids (GPs) and the suppression of β-oxidation, ultimately inhibiting ATP synthesis. Molecular docking analysis revealed the binding potential of BDE-47 with energy metabolism checkpoints AMPK and Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1). Thus, our study broadens the understanding of the toxicity of BDE-47 and provides a new potential cellular and molecular mechanism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"284 ","pages":"Article 107387"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143922180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic resistance genes in aquatic systems: Sources, transmission, and risks","authors":"Tingting Zhang ,&nbsp;Linyi Fan ,&nbsp;Ya-Nan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107392","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107392","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The widespread use of antibiotics has significantly contributed to the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), which have become a major challenge to global ecological and public health. Antibiotic resistance not only proliferates in clinical settings but also persists in aquatic systems, where its residues and cross-domain spread pose a dual threat to both ecosystems and human health. ARGs spread rapidly within microbial communities through horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and vertical gene transfer (VGT). Aquatic systems are the key transmission medium. This review summarizes recent studies on the <em>Source-Transport-Sink</em> dynamics of ARGs in aquatic environments, along with their environmental and health risk assessments, with a particular focus on the potential ecotoxicity of ARGs transmission. It also examines the distribution characteristics of ARGs across different regions and the ecological risk assessment methods employed, highlighting the limitations of existing models when addressing the complex behaviors of ARGs. By analyzing the potential hazards of ARGs to aquatic ecosystems and public health, this article aims to provide a scientific foundation for future research and the development of public policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"284 ","pages":"Article 107392"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143894804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are polylactic acid (PLA) microplastics a risk to marine organisms? Acute and chronic effects on the amphipods Gammarus aequicauda","authors":"Francesca Biandolino ,&nbsp;Giovanni Libralato ,&nbsp;Loredana Manfra ,&nbsp;Alice Rotini ,&nbsp;Ermelinda Prato","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107389","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107389","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conventional plastics have become a major environmental concern due to their persistence and accumulation in marine ecosystems. Recently, the development of bio-based polymers, such as polylactic acid (PLA), has gained particular attention as an alternative to limit plastic pollution, as these materials can be degraded under certain conditions. This study investigated the ecotoxicity of polylactic acid (PLA) microplastics (38–220 μm) in the marine amphipod <em>Gammarus aequicauda</em>. To achieve this, juvenile amphipods (2–4 mm) were exposed to PLA in acute toxicity tests to assess mortality after 96 hours. In addition, the effects of chronic exposure (60 days) to PLA microplastics were assessed on the growth and fertility (reproduction, embryonic development and aborted eggs). The results showed a low acute effect with a LC₅₀ of 91.57 mgPLA/L, but exposure to sublethal concentrations (5 and 10 mgPLA/L) of MPs resulted in lower growth and reproduction success compared to control ones. The mean time spent by males and females of <em>G. aequicauda</em> in the precopulation and the time of appearance of the first ovigerous females were not affected by PLA exposure. However, the total number of ovigerous females and the total number of neonates per female were significantly reduced at sublethal concentrations of MP-PLA. Finally, reproductive failures (aborted eggs) were higher at 5 and 10 mgPLA/L.</div><div>The results provide interesting food for thought and underline that although PLA is known as an innovative biodegradable polymer, its impact on marine biota should not be minimized and the use of biodegradable plastics should be strongly cautioned.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"284 ","pages":"Article 107389"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143904262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating stress: Impacts of temperature, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and heavy metals on the diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii adapted to tropical waters of the Gulf of Guinea","authors":"Rael Adhiambo ,&nbsp;Paul Kojo Mensah ,&nbsp;Albert Koomson ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Acheampong","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107388","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107388","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated the individual and combined impacts of temperature, pyrene, and cadmium on the coastal diatom <em>Thalassiosira weissflogii</em> under conditions representative of the Gulf of Guinea. In the individual stressor experiments, time, rather than temperature or individual pollutants, was the primary factor influencing growth parameters. Specifically, temperature modulated diatom growth with optimal performance at 28 °C, while 24 °C and 32 °C conditions reduced cell density, chlorophyll-<em>a</em> content, and dry biomass. On the other hand, pyrene significantly affected cell density and dry biomass, while cadmium elicited minimal effects on all measured parameters. In combined stressor experiments, the negative impacts of pyrene and cadmium combinations were more exacerbated at 24 °C and 32 °C, whereas optimal thermal conditions (28 °C) provided partial mitigation from exposure to stressors. These findings highlight the crucial role of temperature in modulating the effects of pollutants on <em>Thalassiosira weissflogii</em>, with combined stress having the greatest impact under non-optimal temperature conditions. Additionally, the study underscores the temperature sensitivity of <em>Thalassiosira weissflogii</em> in tropical ecosystems and offers insights into how the simultaneous stressors of rising ocean temperatures and increasing pollution may affect tropical phytoplankton dynamics and primary productivity. Lastly, the study emphasizes the importance of incorporating thermal thresholds into marine ecosystem models to more accurately predict shifts in coastal and oceanic food webs under climate change scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"284 ","pages":"Article 107388"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143894690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Size over substance: Microplastic particle size drives gene expression and fitness loss in a freshwater insect","authors":"Halina Binde Doria ,&nbsp;Nida Sohal ,&nbsp;Barbara Feldmeyer ,&nbsp;Markus Pfenninger","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107386","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microplastics (MP) are a diverse class of contaminants for which it is challenging to assess their effects on freshwater biota. As polyamide (PA) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) are two of the most abundant microplastic materials in natural environments, the present study investigated whether their chronic presence, particle size (&lt; 100 μm and &gt; 100 μm) and their mixture influenced gene transcription patterns and inclusive fitness of <em>C. riparius.</em> Transcriptome data as the lowest phenotypic trait level suggested that MP exposure impacted a range of organismic processes like oxidative stress and inflammations, leading to an innate immune response, downregulation of metabolism in organs directly exposed to the particles and triggered premature molting, regardless of the MP material or their mixture. A life-cycle fitness assessment was performed using PA, PVC and a mixture of both in, respectively. The integration of the fitness components survival, developmental time and fertility into the daily population growth rate as comprehensive fitness parameter on the highest trait level showed that any chronic microplastic exposure led to a considerable fitness loss. Partitioning the effects of substance and size class showed that microplastic exposure as such and size played an important role, while the MP material was of minor importance. The observed decrease in daily population growth rates between 2.3 and 7.6 % upon chronic MP exposure suggested a dramatic reduction of the species’ population size and thus for freshwater ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"284 ","pages":"Article 107386"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143887672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}