Aquatic Toxicology最新文献

{"title":"Histopathological and histochemical analysis of the digestive tract of adult horseshoe crabs under mercury stress","authors":"Wanling Zhang, Mujiao Xie, Xiaohai Chen, Ziwei Ying, Yuyuan Bao, Yang-Guang Gu, Xiaoyong Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107202","url":null,"abstract":"Mercury (Hg) contamination is a major environmental concern that continuously impacts marine organisms, including the mangrove horseshoe crab (<ce:italic>Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda</ce:italic>). As a vulnerable species, <ce:italic>C. rotundicauda</ce:italic> holds significant ecological and evolutionary value, making it particularly susceptible to Hg pollution and deserving of focused conservation efforts. This study presents the first comprehensive histopathological and histochemical analysis of mercury toxicity in the digestive tract of adult <ce:italic>C. rotundicauda</ce:italic>. Through both qualitative and quantitative analyses of histopathological and histochemical alterations, we evaluated the effects of acute Hg exposure (0.5 mg/L and 5 mg/L) on the esophagus, stomach, and intestines over time. The results revealed significant dose- and time-dependent tissue damage, with the stomach exhibiting the most pronounced alterations, including epithelial detachment, vacuolation caused by fibers degradation in the loose connective tissue, and muscle layer disruption, followed by the esophagus and intestines. Additionally, mucous cell density in the hindgut submucosa decreased by 30 % after 96 h of acute Hg exposure (0.5 and 5 mg/L HgCl<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>), indicating a weakened protective barrier. The tissue damage of the digestive tract may further have a negative impact on the health of the adult horseshoe crab, thus threatening the survival of <ce:italic>C. rotundicauda</ce:italic> population and reducing the biodiversity of the mangrove ecosystem. These findings underscore the critical threat posed by Hg pollution to the digestive system of <ce:italic>C. rotundicauda</ce:italic> and offer novel insights into the toxicological impact on marine invertebrates. Considering the tissue-damaging effects of Hg on adult horseshoe crabs, this study underscores the importance of regular monitoring of Hg contamination in natural habitats. The results offer valuable guidance for future habitat restoration and effective management of existing habitats.","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"597 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142823293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multigenerational effects of virgin and sampled plastics on the benthic macroinvertebrate Chironomus riparius.","authors":"Riccardo Sbarberi, Stefano Magni, Benedetta Ponti, Erica Tediosi, Maria Chiara Neri, Andrea Binelli","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although sediments are important reservoirs of plastics, most of the ecotoxicological studies on these contaminants are focused on the organisms living in the water column, while only a smaller number of evidence concerns the plastic impact on benthic species. Therefore, this study compared the multigenerational effects on the sediment-dwelling midge Chironomus riparius exposed to both virgin polystyrene microbeads (22,400-224,000 plastics/kg sediments dry weight), and plastic mixtures (40-420 plastics/kg dry weight) collected from four of the main tributaries of Po River (Ticino, Adda, Oglio and Mincio Rivers, Northern Italy) to evaluate the role played by other characteristics related to these physical contaminants in determining their toxicity as opposed to concentration alone. The modified Chironomid Life-Cycle Toxicity Test (OECD 233) was used to evaluate the multigenerational effects on the Emergence and Development Rates, Fecundity and Fertility. In addition, a biomarkers' suite of cellular stress, neurotoxicity, and energetic metabolism was applied in the 2^nd generation (2^nd/3^rd instar of larvae) to investigate the potential mechanisms associated to the apical effects. Our results showed no significant (p > 0.05) multigenerational effect for any of the endpoints tested for the virgin plastics' exposures. Coherently, no significant effects on biomarkers were measured. Concerning the sampled plastics, the particles collected in Adda River instead induced a significant decrease (p < 0.05) of the Emergence Rate in the 2^nd generation, suggesting that this parameter was the most susceptible among those measured. These results highlight that the different plethora of polymers, sizes and shapes of plastics sampled in natural ecosystems, compared to homogeneous characteristics of virgin polystyrene microbeads, appears to have considerable importance over concentration alone in determining the toxicity of these emerging contaminants.</p>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"279 ","pages":"107205"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142816723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tributyl phosphate inhibits neurogenesis and motor functions during embryonic development in zebrafish.","authors":"Gourav Chakraborty, Bhagyashri Joshi, Kedar Ahire, Chinmoy Patra","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tributyl phosphate (TBP), an organophosphate ester (OPE), is heavily used as a solvent in chemical industries, a plasticizer, and to extract radioactive molecules. Thus, widespread uses of TBP in industrialized countries led to the release of TBP and its metabolites, dibutyl phosphate (DBP) and monobutyl phosphate (MBP), in the environment and were detected in human samples. Accumulating these OPEs over time in humans and aquatic animals may develop toxicological effects. The reports also say TBP passes through the mother-fetal transmission route and may affect embryonic development. However, the impact of TBP and its metabolites on vertebrate development has been poorly studied. Ex-utero development, high fecundity, and optical transparency make the zebrafish a preferred model for toxicological evaluation. Thus, we aim to explore the toxic effects of TBP and its metabolites on aquatic animals using zebrafish as a model organism. Embryos in the chorion were incubated in 10-60 µM test chemicals from 6 to 48 h post fertilization (hpf), and analyzed the adverse effects on embryos. Our study found that 10-20 µM TBP inhibits neural growth, resulting in decreased spontaneous movement frequency and locomotive behavior without altering the overall embryonic growth and muscle functions. In contrast, DBP-treated embryos showed increased spontaneous movement frequency without changing the motor neuron growth and locomotive behavior. Further, in higher concentrations, TBP is teratogenic, and DBP is lethal to the embryos. Altogether, we found that TBP inhibits neurogenesis and motor behavior; however, its metabolite DBP is neuroexcitatory in zebrafish embryos.</p>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"279 ","pages":"107203"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142816725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The detrimental effects and mechanisms of Orlistat in disrupting energy homeostasis and reproduction in Daphnia magna.","authors":"Zhihua Ni, Xinling Tian, Wenbo Zhao, Wenkai Hu, Jinghua Lv, Xiaoli Sun, Yajie Zhang, Yiwen Zhang, Yuming Zhang, Baoku Li, Fengsong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Orlistat (ORL) has been employed as an anti-obesity pharmaceutical for several decades. Given its low absorption rate, the majority of administered ORL is excreted into the environment with feces. It is crucial to collect scientific information regarding the possible ecological risks associated with ORL. Here, the effects of ORL on Daphnia magna were evaluated using a 21-day chronic test at concentrations of 1, 10, 100, and 1000 μg/L. We found the inhibition of feeding and swimming activities in the 100 and 1000 μg/L ORL exposed D. magna, respectively. Their digestive enzyme activities and metabolites were reduced even at 1 μg/L ORL exposure. It is noteworthy that exposure to 100 μg/L ORL induced a decrease in the reproductive capacity of D. magna, although no discernible genotoxicity was observed. To identify the toxicological mechanisms of ORL, a metabolic analysis was conducted on D. magna exposed to 1000 μg/L ORL. A comprehensive reduction in carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acids was observed, which resulted in a blockage of metabolic flux towards the TCA cycle, as evidenced by mitochondrial dysfunction. These findings substantiate the detrimental impact of ORL on D. magna and provide insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms from a metabolic perspective.</p>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"279 ","pages":"107201"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142805769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute and chronic toxicity of cationic polyquaterniums of varying charge density and molecular weight to Daphnia magna and Ceriodaphnia dubia.","authors":"Jessica L Brill, Anna Magdalene Brun Hansen, Hope Woods, Kristin A Connors, Hans Sanderson, Scott E Belanger","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107178","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cationic polymers have the unique ability to neutralize negative charge with practical applications in personal care products, such as shampoos, conditioners, contact lens solutions, and as flocculants in wastewater treatment processes. Cationic polymers are a diverse class of materials varying in structural composition, cationic charge density (CD), and molecular weight (MW). In this study, we investigated three classes of polyquaternium cationic polymers (PQ-6, PQ-10, PQ-16) of varying CD and MW to characterize their toxicity to aquatic invertebrates. Although safety studies and environmental risk assessments have been conducted to support the use of polyquaterniums, further research was needed to adapt standard toxicity assays to account for the unique properties of cationic polymers. Standard acute OECD 202 assays were conducted with Daphnia magna and Ceriodaphnia dubia to explore relative species sensitivity. PQ-6 exhibited toxicity ranging from 0.09 to 2.50 mg/L, PQ-10 ranged from 21.29 to >1000 mg/L, and PQ-16 ranged from 0.05 to 14.91 mg/L. Toxicity was positively correlated with CD and not correlated with MW or polymeric backbone. C. dubia were more sensitive to PQ exposure than D. magna, and this trend was consistent across all exposures. Organic carbon (humic acid and algae) was found to mitigate PQ toxicity in a dose-dependent manner, highlighting the importance of robust exposure characterization when assessing environmental risk. Chronic reproductive toxicity assays were conducted on high and low MW PQ-6 materials with observed significant decreases in days to first clutch, average offspring per clutch, and body length. Robust acute to chronic (ACR) values were derived.</p>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"279 ","pages":"107178"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142816721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the combined toxicity of boron nitride nanosheets, cadmium and natural organic matter on Daphnia magna.","authors":"Gabriela Helena da Silva, Jing Ji, Marcella Torres Maia, Davide Mattia, Diego Stéfani Teodoro Martinez","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increase in anthropogenic activities has led to the release of numerous chemicals and pollutants into aquatic ecosystems, raising significant concerns for water quality and health. Among the emerging issues is the interaction between pollutants and nanomaterials (mixture effects). In this work, it was studied the combined toxicity of boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS) and cadmium (Cd²⁺) incorporating the influence of natural organic matter (NOM) to enhance ecological relevance for the first time. Colloidal stability studies showed that BNNS is highly unstable, aggregating and precipitating over time in mineral reconstituted water. However, the addition of natural organic matter stabilizes BNNS. Acute toxicity results showed that this material has a good biocompatibility with D. magna, not causing acute toxic effect (immobility) even at high concentration (100 mg L^-1). Moreover, when combined with cadmium, BNNS exhibited a \"Trojan horse\" effect, enhancing Cd²⁺ toxicity by facilitating its uptake at 1 mg L^-1. 48h-EC₅₀ values of Cd²⁺ and BNNS+Cd²⁺ were 0.21 and 0.14 mg L^-1, respectively. Nevertheless, NOM (10 mg L^-1) mitigated this combined toxicity effect after 48 h of exposure. These findings provide novel insights into nanomaterial-pollutant interactions linked to toxicological effects in aquatic environments, contributing to the risk assessment for the safe and sustainable development of the emerging boron nitride nanomaterials and novel products.</p>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"279 ","pages":"107198"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142805768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term exposure to sediment-associated antidepressants impacts life-history traits in an estuarine deposit-feeding worm.","authors":"Martina Santobuono, Wing Sze Chan, Elettra D Amico, Henriette Selck","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydrophobic pollutants, such as the antidepressant sertraline (SER), tend to sorb to particles in the water column and subsequently accumulate in the sediment. Long-term exposure to these pollutants may significantly affect sediment-dwelling organisms´ fitness and behavior. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated the impact of chronic exposure to a range of environmentally relevant and higher concentrations of sediment-associated SER on the deposit-feeding polychaete Capitella teleta. Since certain antidepressants can function as neurotoxic chemicals and endocrine disruptors on non-target species, we examined feeding rate and burrowing behavior in adult worms after 23 days of exposure (Experiment 1), and key life-history traits in juvenile worms during 35 days of exposure (Experiment 2) to sediment-associated SER (0.33 - 100 µg/g dw sediment). SER did not affect survival but reduced maturation and time to first reproduction: 37%, 50%, and 29% of the worms exposed respectively to SER 0.33, 3.3 and 33 µg/g reached maturation on day 21, whereas worms in the other treatments did not mature (0%; control) or reached a lower maturation degree (6%; 100 µg/g). Although not statistically significant, growth, feeding, and burrowing manifested non-monotonic trends: at environmentally relevant SER concentrations adults increased feeding and extended time to fully burrow into the sediment, and juveniles increased growth, whereas high concentrations had an inhibitory or no effect. Reproductive endpoints appeared most sensitive to chronic SER exposure. Even at low environmental concentrations, antidepressants can cause sublethal effects in non-target species, potentially affecting population dynamics and ecosystem functioning. Further research is key to fully understanding the ecological impact of hydrophobic chemicals in natural environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"279 ","pages":"107189"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142811582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The enzymatic and transcriptional adverse effects of hull in-water cleaning discharge on juvenile rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli).","authors":"Seong Hee Mun, Kwang-Min Choi, Dongju Shin, Moonkoo Kim, Taekhyun Kim, Dae-Jung Kim, Jee-Hyun Jung","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The hull in-water cleaning (IWC) process creates chemical contaminants, including antifouling paint particle mixtures that are directly discharged into the coastal environment. Recent attention has also been paid to the international regulation of ship hull cleaning discharges in environmental media. However, few studies have investigated the adverse effects or toxic pathways on resident marine species. In this study, we evaluated the chemical concentration of IWC discharge in situ and its toxic effects on juvenile rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli), a major coastal fishery resource, using enzymatic and transcriptomic studies. Zinc (8.05 ± 0.96 to 189.96 ± 47.76 μg/L) was the most abundant substance in IWC discharge, followed by copper (0.87 ± 0.19 to 1.97 ± 0.60 μg/L). No mortality was observed after 7 days of exposure in any experimental group; however, reactive oxygen species and acetylcholinesterase activity varied in juvenile rockfish exposed to the highest concentration of IWC discharge (10-fold-diluted IWC discharge). The immune and detoxification systems in juvenile rockfish exposed to IWC discharge were also significantly affected in juvenile rockfish exposed to 10-fold-diluted IWC discharge (zinc: 189.96 ± 47.76 μg/L, copper: 1.97 ± 0.60 μg/L). The expression of genes related to oxidative stress, including Cu/Zn-SOD, GST, and CAT, increased significantly in fish in all the exposure groups. Specifically, brain transcriptomic analysis revealed disturbances in the nervous system and homeostatic processes. Although lethal toxicity was not significantly affected, these findings indicate the potential hazard posed by sub-lethal concentrations of IWC discharge to juvenile fish, which are at a high-level in the food chain. Our enzymatic and transcriptomic results showed that Zn-dominant IWC discharge exposure may cause neuronal and immune toxicity in marine fish species, providing relevant insights into the management of hull IWC discharge to protect coastal ecosystems against chemical contaminants.</p>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"279 ","pages":"107191"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142764692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TBBPA caused multiple intestinal injuries via ROS/NF-κB signal in common carp.","authors":"Man Qian, Yuan Geng, Jing-Jing Wang, Hong-Ru Wang, Ji-Long Luo, Xue-Jiao Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107190","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is an aquatic environment's prevalent pollutant, posing a great threat to the health of aquatic animals. The intestine is a key organ for nutrient absorption as well as an important barrier to prevent pollutants from invading the body of fish. Exploring the effects of pollutants on the intestine is of great significance for maintaining fish health. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the toxic effects of TBBPA on the intestine of Cyprinus carpio L. (common carp) by establishing models of common carp and primary intestinal epithelial cells exposed to TBBPA. Histological observation revealed that TBBPA exposure led to damage in the intestinal mucosa and breakage of intestinal villi. Detection of oxidative stress levels showed that TBBPA increased the levels of ROS and MDA, and decreased the activity of SOD, CAT, GSH-PX, and T-AOC in intestinal tissue and cells. Observation of inflammatory factor levels revealed that TBBPA upregulated the mRNA levels of inflammatory factors (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, NF-κB p65 and IκBα). ELISA and western blotting results were consistent with the mRNA results. Moreover, TBBPA induced cell death, as evidenced by TUNEL staining and flow cytometry and confirmed by increasing levels of Bax, Cas-3, Cyt C, RIP1, RIP3, and MLKL, together with decreasing the levels of Bcl-2. TBBPA also destroyed the intestinal tight junction by reducing the mRNA and protein levels of claudin-1, ZO-1, and occludin. In summary, this study reveals that TBBPA caused intestinal injuries, inducing oxidative stress, inflammation, cell death, and tight junction disruption via ROS/NF-κB signal in common carp.</p>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"279 ","pages":"107190"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142764690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multi-comprehensive approach to assess the responses of the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck, 1919) to a simulation of a diesel-oil mixture spill","authors":"F. Bertini, V. Catania, L. Scirè Calabrisotto, M. Dara, L. Bisanti, C. La Corte, M. Staropoli, D. Piazzese, M.G. Parisi, D. Parrinello, M. Cammarata","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107188","url":null,"abstract":"Oil spills are a major cause of pollution impacting marine ecosystems. In this work, the effects of short-term exposure to three different concentrations of a hydrocarbon mixture (HC), that simulated the action of such an event, were investigated on <ce:italic>Mytilus galloprovincialis</ce:italic> specimens. Physiological effects were measured using a battery of biomarkers consisting of cellular activity (phagocytosis), immune-related enzymes, chaperonins (HSP70 and HSC70), and histomorphological alterations. Different concentrations of HC led to a significant decrease in phagocytosis, especially following high concentrations. Immune-related enzymes evaluated in hemolymph and digestive gland extract showed up-regulation, suggesting the activation of antioxidant, detoxicant, and inflammatory responses. Morphological alterations of digestive gland tubules were observed after exposure to the HC. HSP70 and HSC70 activity was up regulated following the treatments, indicating their involvement in maintaining organism homeostasis. In addition, the diversity and composition of hemolymph and digestive gland microbiota exposed to HC were analyzed by automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA) and a Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) approach to evaluate the connection with hydrocarbon contamination. Metagenomic analysis revealed significant differences in the hemolymph and digestive gland microbiota composition between mussels exposed and unexposed to HC. Exposure to increasing HC concentrations had a positive effect on microbial diversity with clear adaptative responses, and an increase in the relative abundance of several known degrading bacterial genera, including <ce:italic>Alcanivorax, Roseovarius, Pseudomonas, Vibrio, Oleibacter</ce:italic>. These results show the utility of a multi-comprehensive approach to evaluating functional adaptation in terms of immunological dysfunctions and microbiota alteration in the sentinel organism <ce:italic>M. galloprovincialis</ce:italic>.","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142790002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}