Aquatic Toxicology最新文献

{"title":"Bioaccumulation and biochemical impact of polyethylene terephthalate microplastics in Cipangopaludina chinensis: Tissue-specific analysis and homeostasis disruption","authors":"Lanjin Fang ,&nbsp;Shuangshuang Wang ,&nbsp;Xingbin Sun ,&nbsp;Kejing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107144","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107144","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microplastics are a novel pollutant that adversely affect freshwater benthic organisms. However, few studies have investigated the mechanism underlying the bioaccumulation and the toxicity of microplastics. In this study, microplastics bioaccumulation of wild <em>Cipangopaludina chinensis</em> in the Songhua River were utilized, and a 28-day aquatic toxicity test was performed to determine the effects of exposure to polyethylene terephthalate (PET), the bioaccumulation of PET, and changes in multiple biomarkers in the muscle, gill, and kidney tissues. The concentration pattern of microplastics was as follows: kidney tissue &gt; muscle tissue &gt; gill tissue. Microplastic ingestion caused AChE inhibition led to significant increases in redox and energy metabolism indicators. Furthermore, the IBR analysis presented a \"response-resistance-breakdown\" process, indicating that <em>Cipangopaludina chinensis</em> possessed resistance with time (D14 and D21) and concentration (0.10 mg/L and 1.00 mg/L) thresholds. Tissue sensitivity to microplastics was ranked as gill &gt; muscle &gt; kidney, which was the opposite order of microplastic accumulation. These findings implied that less sensitive tissues stored a larger amount of pollutants, suggesting a reduction in tissue sensitivity to microplastics with higher microplastic occurrence rates. This study provides new insights into biological resistance to pollutant stress, warranting further investigation into the underlying mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"277 ","pages":"Article 107144"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142613364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elucidation of molecular mechanisms involved in tadpole toxicity employing QSTR and q-RASAR approach","authors":"Kabiruddin Khan ,&nbsp;Gopala Krishna Jillella ,&nbsp;Agnieszka Gajewicz-Skretna","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107136","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107136","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tadpoles, as early developmental stages of frogs, are vital indicators of toxicity and environmental health in ecosystems exposed to harmful organic compounds from industrial and runoff sources. Evaluating each compound individually is challenging, necessitating the use of <em>in silico</em> methods like Quantitative Structure Toxicity-Relationship (QSTR) and Quantitative Read-Across Structure-Activity Relationship (q-RASAR). Utilizing the comprehensive US EPA's ECOTOX database, which includes acute LC₅₀ toxicity and chronic endpoints, we extracted crucial data such as study types, exposure routes, and chemical categories. Regression-based QSTR and q-RASAR models were developed from this dataset, emphasizing key chemical descriptors. Lipophilicity and unsaturation were significant for predicting acute toxicity, while electrophilicity, nucleophilicity, and molecular branching were crucial for chronic toxicity predictions. Additionally, q-RASAR models integrated with the \"intelligent consensus\" algorithm were employed to enhance predictive accuracy. The performance of these models was rigorously compared across various approaches. These refined models not only predict the toxicity of untested compounds but also reveal underlying structural influences. Validation through comparison with existing literature affirmed the relevance and robustness of our approach in ecotoxicology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"277 ","pages":"Article 107136"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142637980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing eco-sensing in aquatic environments: Fish jumping behavior automatic recognition using YOLOv5","authors":"Kaibang Xiao ,&nbsp;Ronghui Li ,&nbsp;Senhai Lin ,&nbsp;Xianyu Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107137","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107137","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Contemporary research on ichthyological behavior predominantly investigates underwater environments. However, the intricate nature of aquatic ecosystems often hampers subaqueous observations of fish behavior due to interference. Transitioning the observational perspective from subaqueous to supra-aquatic enables a more direct assessment of fish physiology and habitat conditions. In this study, we utilized the YOLOv5 convolutional neural network target detection model to develop a fish jumping behavior (FJB) recognition model. A dataset comprising 877 images of fish jumping, captured via a camera in a reservoir, was assembled for model training and validation. After training and validating the model, its recognition accuracy was further tested in real aquatic environments. The results show that YOLOv5 outperforms YOLOv7, YOLOv8, and YOLOv9 in detecting splashes. Post 50 training epochs, YOLOv5 achieved over 97 % precision and recall in the validation set, with an F1 score exceeding 0.9. Furthermore, an enhanced YOLOv5-SN model was devised by integrating specific rules related to ripple size variation and duration, attributable to fish jumping. This modification significantly mitigates noise interference in the detection process. The model's robustness against weather variations ensures reliable detection of fish jumping behavior under diverse meteorological conditions, including rain, cloudiness, and sunshine. Different meteorological elements exert varying effects on fish jumping behavior. The research results can lay the foundation for intelligent perception in aquatic ecology assessment and aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"277 ","pages":"Article 107137"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142613367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic toxic effects of chloroxylenol exposure on Rana chensinensis: Insights from endochondral ossfication","authors":"Yue Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhaoyang Jiang ,&nbsp;Xinyi Li","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chloroxylenol (para‑chloro-meta-xylenol, PCMX), is a widely used antimicrobial agent and can remain in the aquatic environment. Although toxicity studies related to PCMX on the aquatic animals like zebrafish and <em>Brachionus koreanus</em> have been reported, there are few reports in the ecological risk of amphibians. In this study, the toxicity of different concentration (143, 14.3, 1.43 μg/L) of PCMX treatments on the endochondral ossification and body condition of <em>Rana chensiensis</em> tadpoles was investigated at environmentally relevant concentrations during metamorphosis. The chronic exposure of PCMX decreased bone length and ossification of limbs, caused changes of thyroid gland structure and ossification related gene expression levels. Besides, we found that <em>R. chensiensis</em> developed rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore, these results provided valuable evidence that the ecological risk of PCMX that will negatively affect the body condition, thyroid hormones homeostasis and skeletal development of <em>R. chensiensis</em> tadpoles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"277 ","pages":"Article 107140"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142566585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocean acidification aggravates the toxicity of deltamethrin in Haliotis discus hannai: Insights from immune response, histopathology and physiological responses","authors":"Xiaojing Lv ,&nbsp;Qinyou Deng ,&nbsp;Lizhu Chen ,&nbsp;Xin Wang ,&nbsp;Yijing Han ,&nbsp;Guiqing Wu ,&nbsp;Yongliang Liu ,&nbsp;Haiyue Sun ,&nbsp;Xuan Li ,&nbsp;Jinxia He ,&nbsp;Xiangquan Liu ,&nbsp;Dinglong Yang ,&nbsp;Jianmin Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107139","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107139","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ocean acidification (OA) and other environmental factors can collectively affect marine organisms. Deltamethrin (DM), a type II pyrethroid insecticide, has been widely detected in coastal and estuarine areas, while little attention has been given to the combined effects of DM and OA. In this study, <em>Haliotis discus hannai</em> was exposed to three pH levels (8.1, 7.7 and 7.4) and three DM nominal concentrations (0 μg/L, 0.6 μg/L and 6 μg/L) for 14 and 28 days. The results indicated that experimental acidification and/or DM exposure led to impaired immune function and pathological damage. Additionally, acidified conditions and DM exposure induced oxidative stress, and gills are more sensitive than digestive glands. With increasing <em>p</em>CO₂ and DM nominal concentrations, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity decreased, whereas catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities increased in the gills. Moreover, the expression levels of Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway-related genes were upregulated after exposure. Integrated biomarker response (IBR) analysis proved that acidified conditions and/or DM detrimentally affected the overall fitness of <em>H. discus hannai</em>, and co-exposure to experimental acidification and DM was the most stressful condition. This study emphasizes the necessity of incorporating OA in future pollutant environmental assessments to better elucidate the risks of environmental disturbance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"277 ","pages":"Article 107139"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142602146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Appraisal of a synthetic preservative, Quaternium – 15, effect on three model organisms: new insight on environmental risks","authors":"Giorgia Zicarelli ,&nbsp;Federica Impellitteri ,&nbsp;Caterina Faggio ,&nbsp;Jana Blahova ,&nbsp;Barbora Riesova ,&nbsp;Renata Hesova ,&nbsp;Pavla Lakdawala","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107138","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>After the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of quaternary ammonium compounds increased exponentially due to their efficacy as antimicrobials, stabilizers and disinfectants. Among these, Quaternium-15 is a preservative used in the formulation of a variety of personal care products. The increased use of this substance and the resulting persistence in wastewater treatment systems, which are unable to completely remove the Quaternium-15 from the water, is of increasing environmental concern. Using embryotoxicity analyses, this study aimed to investigate the effects of exposure to Quaternium-15 on non-target species and the resulting risks to the environment. Embryotoxicity endpoints such as mortality, hatching, presence of malformations, altered heartbeat and animal length were used to assess the effects on three model organisms (<em>Cyprinus carpio, Danio rerio, Xenopus laevis</em>) were evaluated during a 96-hour exposure to six different concentrations of Quaternium-15 (1, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 mg/L). The results obtained from the analyses highlighted: significant mortality for all three model organisms in the highest concentrations tested in which all the embryos died after 96 hpf, a delay in hatching of <em>C. carpio</em> and <em>D. rerio</em> compared to the control group<em>,</em> the insurgence of malformations in all the model organisms chosen and a significant decrease in heartbeat rate for the fish models. Each of these observations underlies the negative interaction between the Quaternium-15 and aquatic organisms making necessary further investigation to prevent damage to ecosystems and non-target species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"277 ","pages":"Article 107138"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142563464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the impact of the combined acute toxicity of iron (Fe) and microplastics on Namalycastis jaya","authors":"Sakthinarenderan Saikumar ,&nbsp;Ravi Mani ,&nbsp;Swedha Ganesan ,&nbsp;Mirunalini Ganesan","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107141","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107141","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rising concern over heavy metals (HMs) and microplastics (MPs) pollution in marine ecosystems, primarily driven by anthropogenic activities, poses significant threats to ecological health. Understanding the combined exposure of HMs and MPs aids in toxicity assessment. In this study, we examined the combined effects of polystyrene microplastics (MPs) and iron (Fe) on oxidative stress, bioaccumulation, histopathology, and genotoxicity in <em>Namalycastis jaya</em>. Oxidative stress was assessed by analyzing the levels of Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Peroxidase (POD), Malondialdehyde (MDA), and Bicinchoninic acid (BCA), while genotoxicity was evaluated using the comet assay. Bioaccumulation analysis, conducted via Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), indicated that the highest values (4.790 µg/ml) were observed in combined exposure, emphasizing the significant increase in iron (Fe) accumulation in polychaetes facilitated by MPs. Biochemical analysis revealed that oxidative damage in polychaetes became evident within 48 h of exposure to individual contaminants. However, in the case of combined exposures, elevated stress levels were observed within just 24 h. The genotoxic assay further demonstrated a higher degree of DNA damage in the combined exposure compared to individual exposures. Similarly, histopathology revealed mild alterations in the gut epithelium in combined exposures. It is evident that MPs intensify both oxidative and DNA damage induced by Fe in polychaetes. The insights gained from this study provide valuable information for the risk assessment of Fe and MPs in environmental safety, contributing to our understanding of the complex interactions between these pollutants in marine ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"277 ","pages":"Article 107141"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142613374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Azoxystrobin induced genotoxicity in Pethia conchonius, a freshwater fish of river Teesta, India","authors":"Arpita Ray,&nbsp;Debojit Dutta,&nbsp;Bappaditya Ghosh,&nbsp;Min Bahadur","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107135","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107135","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Azoxystrobin, a widely used fungicide, can contaminate water bodies through surface run-off, posing a risk to aquatic organisms. This study aimed to assess the genotoxic effects of azoxystrobin on the fish <em>Pethia conchonius</em>. The 96 h lethal concentration (LC₅₀) of azoxystrobin was determined to be 0.514 mg/L. Based on LC_50, three sub-lethal concentrations (SLCs) of 0.025 mg/L, 0.0514 mg/L, and 0.103 mg/L were used to expose fish for 96 h. The blood and gill samples were collected at 24 h intervals for analysis. The Micronucleus (MN) and Comet assays were used to evaluate nuclear abnormalities and DNA damage, respectively. The results showed that the frequency of nuclear abnormalities and DNA damage in the exposed groups was significantly higher than the control, with increasing concentrations and duration of exposure. The highest levels of micronuclei, notched and blebbed nuclei, and DNA damage parameters were observed in the group exposed to SLC III for 96 h. These findings indicate that azoxystrobin is highly genotoxic to fish causing severe DNA damage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"277 ","pages":"Article 107135"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142563410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developmental, behavioral, and biochemical effects of chronic exposure to sublethal concentrations of organic UV-filter compounds on a freshwater model species","authors":"Zoltán Németh ,&nbsp;Réka Svigruha ,&nbsp;András Ács ,&nbsp;Anna Farkas ,&nbsp;Kálmán Tapolczai ,&nbsp;Károly Elekes ,&nbsp;István Fodor ,&nbsp;Zsolt Pirger","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107134","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107134","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The prevalence of organic/chemical UV-filter compounds in aquatic ecosystems represents a growing environmental issue. The long-term toxicity risks of many UV-filters at environmentally relevant concentrations to aquatic biota are still less studied, especially in the case of invertebrates. This study was designed to evaluate the chronic toxicity of avobenzone (AVO), octocrylene (OCTO), and octinoxate (OCTI), three UV-filters which frequently occur in the aquatic environment, to the water flea (<em>Daphnia magna</em>) at an environmentally relevant concentration of 200 ng l^-1 in a 21-day exposure. Potential alterations in the growth, reproduction, and heart rate were continuously monitored during the treatments. Filtration rate, swimming, and the state of the antioxidant- and metabolic functions were evaluated at the end of exposures. Avobenzone significantly increased the reproductive output, heart rate, and filtration rate, while evoked a significant decrease of swimming behavior<del>,</del> and inhibited the activity of catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes. The body size, reproduction, heart rate, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were significantly increased whereas the activity of GST and CAT was significantly reduced by OCTO. OCTI significantly increased reproduction, heart rate, CAT and SOD activity but significantly decreased the swimming behavior. Our results confirmed that chronic exposure to organic UV-filters even at environmentally relevant concentrations affect basic physiological traits and cellular defense pathways in <em>D. magna</em>. Highlighting, our observations revealed previously unknown physiological changes (e.g., altered heart rate, filtration rate, SOD activity) caused by the investigated UV-filter compounds. Future research is to be aimed at investigating the mixture effects of these compounds and at the understanding of the potential cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the changes induced.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"277 ","pages":"Article 107134"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142563473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of ammonia exposure and post-exposure recovery in pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei: Histological, physiological and molecular responses","authors":"Lanting Lin ,&nbsp;Hongbiao Zhuo ,&nbsp;Yuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Jinyan Li ,&nbsp;Xiaoxun Zhou ,&nbsp;Guangbo Wu ,&nbsp;Chaoan Guo ,&nbsp;Jianyong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The toxic effects of ammonia exposure on <em>Litopenaeus vannamei</em> have been widely reported, including tissue damage, oxidative stress, and metabolic disorders, but the ability of L. <em>vannamei</em> to recover from ammonia damage is still unclear. To further understand the adaptation mechanism of L. <em>vannamei</em> to ammonia, this study explored the effects of ammonia exposure and recovery on histopathology, physiological indicators, and transcriptomic responses. In the ammonia exposure (NH₄⁺-N 25 mg/L) and recovery experiment, shrimp were sampled at 0 h, 24 h, 48 h of exposure, and 24 h, 48 h of recovery. The results showed that histopathological damage to the hepatopancreas and gills caused by short-term ammonia exposure could be alleviated after recovery. Ammonia exposure inhibited superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, decreased total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) in shrimp. Restoration of the antioxidant system after exposure mitigated oxidative damage and reduced MDA levels. The inhibition of acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activities in shrimp caused by ammonia exposure was reversible. Ammonia excretion and metabolism attenuate ammonia toxicity and promote recovery in L. <em>vannamei</em>. Transcriptome analysis identified 1690, 1568, and 1463 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the hepatopancreas at 48 h of stress, 24 h, and 48 h of recovery, respectively. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that ammonia exposure induced oxidative damage, resulting in apoptosis. Furthermore, activation of antioxidant-related pathways, such as glutathione metabolism and peroxisomes, helped reduce oxidative damage during the post-exposure recovery period. The addition of exogenous spermine and spermidine may contribute to post-exposure recovery and enhance ammonia acclimation in L. <em>vannamei</em>. Differential expression of the inflammatory gene <em>STEAP4</em> in the ammonia stress and recovery phases, as screened by transcriptome analysis, may play a positive role in post-stress recovery. This study demonstrated the reversibility of the toxic effects of ammonia exposure on L. <em>vannamei</em>, complemented the knowledge of the mechanisms of adaptation of shrimp under ammonia exposure, and provided a basis for subsequent ammonia tolerance studies in crustaceans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"277 ","pages":"Article 107133"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}