Applied Surface Science最新文献

{"title":"Low-Loading Pt nanoparticles supported by Fe-N-C rich in FeNx sites with strong electronic interaction for high oxygen reduction performance","authors":"Yongjin Sun, Xudong Leng, Xuekun Jin, Fengjuan Chen, Luxuan Huang, Jieyu Yang, Huiqin Zhang, Haiming Duan, Biaobing Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163941","url":null,"abstract":"Reducing the Pt loading and enhancing Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) activity is a promising approach to promote the large-scale application of fuel cells. In this study, we successfully constructed an efficient catalyst with low loading of Pt by anchoring platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) onto nitrogen-doped carbon support enriched with FeN_X active sites via a solvothermal method. XPS analysis demonstrated that the introduction of urea increased the nitrogen content of the support, promoted the formation of FeN_X sites, and revealed strong electron transfer at the interface between Pt and the support. DFT calculations further validated that FeN_X sites facilitate electron transfer, reduce the d-band center of Pt, and promote the desorption process of *OH intermediates. Furthermore, the differential charge density visually demonstrated the electron redistribution at the Pt/FeN_X interface. This strong electronic interaction endowed the catalyst at a low Pt loading (10 wt%) with a half-wave potential (E_1/2) of 0.887 V, exceeding commercial Pt/C (0.849 V) by 38 mV. Meanwhile, 94 % of initial activity can be maintained after a chronoamperometric test of 10 h, outperforming commercial Pt/C (89 %). This work reveals the Pt/FeN_X interaction and provides a novel strategy for designing high-performance low-Pt catalysts.","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144516305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ex-situ incorporation of Al in Ge by sputter deposition and pulsed laser melting: a new approach to fabricate hyper-doped Ge:Al alloys","authors":"Enrico Di Russo, Ettore Coccato, Daris Fontana, Giulia Maria Spataro, Chiara Carraro, Luca Bacci, Nicola Gilli, Giorgio Divitini, Gianluigi Maggioni, Vittorio Morandi, Davide De Salvador, Enrico Napolitani","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163946","url":null,"abstract":"Ge has garnered significant attention for its applications in nanoelectronics, mid-infrared photonics, gamma radiation detection and quantum devices. At present, a critical challenge is achieving dopant concentrations beyond the equilibrium solubility limit, a process known as hyper-doping, while preventing dopant segregation and deactivation. Pulsed laser melting (PLM) offers a nanosecond-scale, non-equilibrium solution that enables highly localized melting and epitaxial regrowth, significantly enhancing both crystallinity and dopant activation compared to conventional annealing and growth methods. This study introduces a novel ex-situ approach to synthesize hyper-doped Ge via sequential deposition of thin Al and Ge layers using magnetron sputtering, followed by PLM to drive Al diffusion and activation within the Ge matrix. This method suggests that a record hole concentration of 3 × 10²¹ cm⁻³ with 100 % electrical activation could be achieved. In addition, comprehensive electrical, structural, and chemical characterization provides new insights into the melting and recrystallization dynamics under various processing conditions, offering a deeper understanding of the phenomena leading to hyper-doping.","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144516308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microwave induced solid-phase grafting of polyethylene fibers and fabrics for improved interficial properties","authors":"Lanqing Wang, Sisi Liu, Huihu Huang, Fengjuan Shao, Yating Zhou, Jiaxin Guo, Huichao Liu, Jiali Yu, Caizhen Zhu, Jian Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163937","url":null,"abstract":"The advancement of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) reinforced composites is constrained by the smooth and inert surface. To improve the interfacial bonding characteristics of UHMWPE within the resin, the main chain may be grafted with polar functional groups to introduce polarity and chemical reactivity. This paper delineates a solid-phase procedure for polymer grafting achievable via microwave technology. Microwaves can heat maleic anhydride (MAH) and benzoyl peroxide (BPO), while polyethylene is transparent to them. Microwaves can selectively heat materials that absorb microwave radiation. The grafting reaction was demonstrated to be synthesized by the thermal effect induced by microwave irradiation. This process provides numerous advantages that are not present in conventional methods, including the superior mechanical properties of the grafted polymers. The results indicate that MAH grafting alters the surface morphology of UHMWPE fibers, enhances surface activity and wettability, stabilizes mechanical bonding, and provides sufficient reactive sites for the resin matrix to effectively improve interfacial characteristics. In comparison to the original UHMWPE fibers, the interfacial shear tension between UHMWPE/MAH fibers and epoxy resin increased by 77.7 %. Additionally, the UHMWPE/MAH fabric/rubber laminates exhibited a peel strength that was more than twice as high as that of untreated UHMWPE fabric-reinforced rubber composites.","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144520744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and catalytic performance of h-Au/PDA@PDA@Fe3O4 hollow spheres for the 4-NP reduction","authors":"Heshun Jing, Qingtai Xie, Huijuan Su, Yuqi Zhai, Xun Sun, Baorong Duan, Lijun Zhao, Miao Zhang, Caixia Qi, Libo Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163925","url":null,"abstract":"The research and progress of noble metal catalysts possessing good stability and extended service life holds significant importance in enhancing catalytic efficiency, reducing enterprise costs, and fostering sustainable social development. Here, a hollow magnetic h-Au/PDA@PDA@Fe<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf> catalyst with a double-layer PDA structure was prepared to optimize the stability of gold nanoparticles (NPs) using for the 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) reduction. The research indicates that, despite the initial activity of h-Au/PDA@PDA@Fe<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf>, with a mass-normalized rate (<ce:italic>k’</ce:italic>) of 176.10 s<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>·g<ce:inf loc=\"post\">Au</ce:inf><ce:sup loc=\"post\">-1</ce:sup> and a Turn Over Frequency (TOF) of 1757 h<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>, being smaller than h-Au/PDA@Fe<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf> with a single-layer structure (<ce:italic>k’ =</ce:italic> 461.76 s<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>·g<ce:inf loc=\"post\">Au</ce:inf><ce:sup loc=\"post\">-1</ce:sup>, TOF = 6387 h<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>), h-Au/PDA@PDA@Fe<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf> exhibits significantly superior stability compared to h-Au/PDA@Fe<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf>. After undergoing 12 cycles of use, the conversion rate of h-Au/PDA@PDA@Fe<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf> decreased by only 4.3 %. After cyclic reaction, the conversion rate of h-Au/PDA@Fe<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf> decreased by as much as 64.8 %. The distinctive hollow double-layer structure of h-Au/PDA@PDA@Fe<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf>, along with the interaction between Au and PDA, contributes significantly to its exceptional activity and stability. The research presented in this paper offers valuable insights and guidance for the suitable construction and industrial application of gold-based nano catalyst with good activity and cyclic stability.","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144516095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Boosted photocharge separation in copper (II) porphyrin grafted high-entropy halide perovskite for selective CO2 photoreduction","authors":"Xing’an Dong ,&nbsp;Weidong Dai ,&nbsp;Chen Yang ,&nbsp;Ruofei Tang ,&nbsp;Xin Li ,&nbsp;Maobin Wei ,&nbsp;Xian Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163929","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163929","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photocatalytic conversion of CO₂ into fossil fuel remains a challenge due to the limited CO₂ adsorption and activation capability of catalysts. High entropy alloys are emerged as a new class of catalysts in the field of energy conversion, however, the extremely high preparation temperature requirement limits their further application. In this work, we used a low-temperature solution syntheses (75 °C) to achieve a high-entropy halide perovskite catalyst and applied it in the field of CO₂ photoreduction. The ability of Cs₂Ag{InPrCeGdTb}₁Cl₆ for CO₂ photoreduction was confirmed. To further improve its photocatalytic property, the copper (II) porphyrin ligand was directly grafted on the surface of Cs₂Ag{InPrCeGdTb}₁Cl₆. The copper (II) porphyrin ligand could serve as adsorption sites to enhance the CO₂ adsorption capacity. Moreover, the photocharge carrier separation was efficiently improved via the directional transfer of electrons from catalyst to copper (II) porphyrin ligand, thus achieving a CO yield of 83.26 µmol g^-1h⁻¹ with nearly 100 % product selectivity after photocatalysis. This work provides a practical strategy for low temperature synthesizing modified high-entropy halide perovskite catalysts applied for solar energy conversion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"710 ","pages":"Article 163929"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144516081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High performance polycrystalline β Ga2O3/GaN solar blind photodetector realized via simple one step air ambient thermal oxidation process","authors":"Vijay B. Patil, Girish U. Kamble, Jun Sung Jang, R.B.V. Chalapathy, Jin-Hyeok Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163919","url":null,"abstract":"A broadband (200–400 nm) ultraviolet photoresponse encompassing β-Ga<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>/GaN photodetectors (PDs) has been fabricated by applying one-step thermal oxidization to counter complex and traditional sophisticated growth techniques. A feasible, low cost, and simple muffle box furnace for an air-ambient thermal oxidization approach has been demonstrated in this work. XRD, AFM, and SEM characterizations were performed on fabricated Ga<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> layers from annealed single crystalline GaN (0001) wafers at various temperatures. A polycrystalline β-Ga<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> layer was formed with highly (<mml:math altimg=\"si2.svg\"><mml:mover accent=\"true\"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">¯</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mover></mml:math> 01) orientation, having low FWHM value of 0.22 and a surface roughness of 11.41 nm with well-formed, rhombohedral-shaped morphology at optimal 900 ˚C. XPS and EDS analysis also confirmed the transition of GaN surface layer to Ga<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> thin film formation. Under the bias of −5, −4 and −3, <ce:italic>R</ce:italic> (responsivity) were measured as 10.86, 8.34, and 7.06 A/W, whereas <ce:italic>D</ce:italic> (detectivity) recorded as 1.32 × 10<ce:sup loc=\"post\">11</ce:sup>, 2.51 × 10<ce:sup loc=\"post\">11</ce:sup> and 3.93 × 10<ce:sup loc=\"post\">11</ce:sup> Jones under the 254 nm light illumination, respectively. The performance of photodetectors demonstrates repeated and stable temporal photoresponse under both UVC and UVB illumination measurements. These experimental results reveal the potential for the development of Ga<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>-based solar-blind photodetectors utilizing low-cost muffle furnace thermal oxidization technique.","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144516098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cu2MoS4/CdS heterostructure photocatalyst to achieve highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production","authors":"Yongpeng Cui ,&nbsp;Yiqi Liu ,&nbsp;Tian Pu,&nbsp;Fan Fan,&nbsp;Hao Xiu,&nbsp;Zeyi Zhang,&nbsp;Jingyi Chen,&nbsp;Hongyu Liu,&nbsp;Yuting Wang,&nbsp;Yajun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163933","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163933","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photocatalytic water splitting has attracted great attention as one of the most promising strategies for hydrogen production from solar energy. However, the existing photocatalysts are very inefficient in the water splitting process, and it is often necessary to introduce co-catalysts to improve the catalytic efficiency. In this paper, we introduced Cu₂MoS₄ co-catalyst to construct heterostructure using CdS nanorods as the carrier to improve the photocatalytic efficiency of water splitting process. Nano-Cu₂MoS₄, as a ternary transition metal sulfide with suitable band-gap width, is often used as a co-catalyst to broaden the light absorption range of catalyst materials. Based on the above analysis, the band-gap width of the constructed Cu₂MoS₄/CdS catalyst is reduced from 2.43 eV of CdS to 2.39 eV, and the heterostructure of Cu₂MoS₄/CdS catalyst material can significantly improve the electron migration ability. As a result, under visible light (λ ≥ 420 nm), the photocatalytic efficiency of 5 % Cu₂MoS₄/CdS is as high as 24.51 mmol·g⁻¹·h⁻¹, 18.6 times that of pure CdS (1.32 mmol·g⁻¹·h⁻¹), showing extremely high hydrogen production efficiency of water splitting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"710 ","pages":"Article 163933"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144516080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interfacial synergy-driven catalysis: Tourmaline supported Ni-NiAl2O4 catalyst for enhanced methane dry reforming activity","authors":"Pengfei Zhou ,&nbsp;Jin Wang ,&nbsp;Hairui Yao ,&nbsp;Xianku Wang ,&nbsp;Yanran Cui ,&nbsp;Jinsheng Liang ,&nbsp;Yan Shi ,&nbsp;Fei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163932","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163932","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, nickel-based catalysts have attracted more attention in many fields due to their high catalytic activity and low price. However, nickel-based catalysts still have the disadvantages of single carrier and low dispersion of active components, which is not conducive to their large-scale industry application. Herein, a novel Ni-NiAl₂O₄/tourmaline composite with an intermediate transition layer structure based on tourmaline as a carrier was successfully synthesized via microwave-assisted coprecipitation-reduction method. A series of experiments were conducted to explore the optimal fabrication parameters and the optimal preparation conditions of the Ni-NiAl₂O₄/tourmaline composite were determined as follows: 0.25 wt% of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, 750 °C of calcined temperature, 9.1 wt% of tourmaline additional content, and 650 °C of reduced temperature. The introduction of tourmaline can effectively reduce the size of metallic Ni nanoparticles (about 5 nm) and improve the dispersity of NiAl₂O₄ nanoflakes and Ni nanoparticles. The catalytic performance of Ni-NiAl₂O₄ and Ni-NiAl₂O₄/tourmaline samples for CO₂ dry reforming of methane (DRM) was investigated and the probable catalytic mechanism was proposed. This work provides new insights into designing low-cost catalysts for sustainable carbon resource utilization and clean energy production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"710 ","pages":"Article 163932"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144516147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrosion evolution of aluminium-copper and aluminium-copper-lithium alloys in chloride solution","authors":"Maxime Magnan, Sandrine Zanna, Antoine Seyeux, Frédéric Wiame, Jolanta Światowska","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163922","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this work is to better understand the corrosion behavior of AA2024 (aluminium-copper) and AA2050 (aluminium-copper-lithium) alloys – used in aircraft fuselage and wings – by following their reactivity in a low-aggressive electrolyte (NaCl 0.01 M) using electrochemical and surface science techniques. It is shown that pitting is the predominant mode of corrosion, initiated at the locations where intermetallic particles were torn off from the surface during polishing. By using surface characterization techniques, a growing corrosion product layer mainly composed of oxidized aluminium was followed during 72 h of immersion in the electrolyte. It is revealed that lithium increases the alloy’s thermodynamic susceptibility to corrosion but leads to reduction of the kinetic corrosion rate by promoting the formation of a more homogeneous corrosion product layer. Additionally, it is shown that the mechanism evolves over time. During the first hours of immersion, the limiting reaction is the charge transfer between the metallic substrate and the electrolyte while for longer immersion times, it becomes the diffusion of the dissolved dioxygen from the electrolyte in the growing oxide layer.","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"639 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144516096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Degradation mechanism of Ni, Zn co-doping on Ag3PO4 photocatalysts for enhancing photocatalytic performance under simulated sunlight","authors":"Hongtao Zhang ,&nbsp;Rui Lu ,&nbsp;Ruihao Jiang ,&nbsp;An Chen ,&nbsp;Weichi Liu ,&nbsp;Ruyan Li ,&nbsp;Tian Shang ,&nbsp;Yang Xu ,&nbsp;Dongmei Jiang ,&nbsp;Qingfeng Zhan","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163931","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163931","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, Zn-doped and Ni, Zn co-doped Ag₃PO₄ photocatalysts were successfully prepared. Photocatalytic degradation experiments demonstrated that the catalytic performance could be improved with increasing Zn²⁺ content. However, the doping concentration of Zn in Ag₃PO₄ is inherently limited. Herein, Ni ions were introduced into the lattice to improve the solid solubility of Zn²⁺ ions, thereby further narrowing the band gap, as a result, the carrier separation rate got significantly improved. Meanwhile, density of state calculations showed that the impurity states of Zn and Ni were all located inside the valence band when introduced into the Ag₃PO₄ lattice alone; but the simultaneous introduction of both of them generates an impurity level of Ni within the bandgap, which could act as a shallow trap to capture photogenerated electrons, thereby facilitating the migration and separation of the carriers. The co-doping of Ni and Zn effectively modulated the electron and band structure of Ag₃PO₄, thereby promoting the generation of more active species and enhancing the photocatalytic performance of Ag₃PO₄. This work provides a new reference for improving the pollutants degradation capability of photocatalysts by doping metal ions in the semiconductor.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"710 ","pages":"Article 163931"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144516099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}