Applied Surface Science最新文献

{"title":"Low-temperature bonding of Nd: YVO4 crystals with superior interfaces for high-power solid-state lasers","authors":"Han Yan, Erni Shao, Xiaoyun Qi, Yu Du, Chenxi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163426","url":null,"abstract":"Nd: YVO₄ laser devices suffer from thermal effects, restricting high output power when used in nano-laser guide stars and sodium laser Doppler radars. Bonding of gain media with gradient doping concentration offers a potential solution to mitigate thermal lensing. However, thermal diffusion bonding, widely used to bond laser crystals, necessitates high temperatures (&gt;1100°C) and pressures (&gt;30 MPa), leading to Nd element diffusion and crystal damage. Bonding employing intermediate layers deteriorates the optical properties of the crystal. In this study, a binary N₂/NH₃ plasma is introduced to activate the surface of Nd: YVO₄, facilitating bonding at ∼ 300°C without damage. The incorporation of multiple hydrophilic functional groups facilitates deamination condensation at the bonding interface, establishing robust connections. This process achieves a superior optical interface, characterized by a minimal 0.3 % reduction in transmittance at non-pumping wavelengths compared to the theoretical value, an ultralow interfacial thermal resistance of 7 <span><span style=\"\"></span><span data-mathml='&lt;math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"&gt;&lt;mo is=\"true\"&gt;&amp;#xD7;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;' role=\"presentation\" style=\"font-size: 90%; display: inline-block; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"1.394ex\" role=\"img\" style=\"vertical-align: 0.019ex; margin-bottom: -0.139ex;\" viewbox=\"0 -548.5 778.5 600.2\" width=\"1.808ex\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"0\" transform=\"matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)\"><g is=\"true\"><use xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-D7\"></use></g></g></svg><span role=\"presentation\"><math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mo is=\"true\">×</mo></math></span></span><script type=\"math/mml\"><math><mo is=\"true\">×</mo></math></script></span> 10^-6 m² K/W, and a tensile strength sixfold greater than that of untreated samples. Based on these experimental results, a composite Nd: YVO₄ crystal structure was designed, reducing maximum temperature and stress by 75.9 % and 68.5 %, respectively, significantly alleviating thermal effects. This work provides a promising pathway for advancing high-power solid-state Nd: YVO₄ lasers.","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143905629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterostructured Zr-Ni4Mo/Mo2N nanorod with lattice expansion induced by Zr doping for efficient and durable hydrogen evolution reaction","authors":"Linting Cheng, Lili Zhou, Ao Xie, Anguo Tan, Haomin Jiang, Rufei Zhang, Jinyuan Miao, Jia Liu, Pingyu Wan, Yang Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163404","url":null,"abstract":"Non-precious metal electrocatalysts with high activity for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is important for decreasing the energy consumption of hydrogen production and the cost of water electrolysis devices. However, the existing highly active electrocatalysts generally suffer from oxidation and deactivation under harsh conditions of industrial water splitting. Herein, a heterostructured Zr-Ni₄Mo/Mo₂N nanorod material with lattice expansion induced by Zr doping is fabricated as an efficient and durable electrocatalyst for HER. The prepared Zr-Ni₄Mo/Mo₂N exhibits ultra-low overpotential of only 8 mV at 10 mA cm⁻² in 1 M KOH. Particularly, the electrolytic cell equipped with Zr-Ni₄Mo/Mo₂N cathode consumes a low voltage of only 1.585 V under industrial alkaline water electrolysis conditions (3000 A m⁻², 80 °C, 30 wt% KOH). The exceptionally high catalytic activity of Zr-Ni₄Mo/Mo₂N is proved by the low activation energy (<em>E_a^η=0</em>) of 18.19 kJ mol⁻¹. The lattice expansion and heterointerfaces generate abundant catalytic active sites. Moreover, Zr doping not only regulates electronic structure of Zr-Ni₄Mo/Mo₂N and reduces the kinetic energy barrier of HER, but also prevents the oxidation of active sites, which endows the Zr-Ni₄Mo/Mo₂N with excellent activity and strong durability. This work provides a new avenue for the design of non-precious metal electrocatalysts, which exhibit a promising prospect in industrial water splitting.","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143905748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling of sputtering from solid surfaces under Argon cluster bombardments: comparison with experimental and simulated data","authors":"Sabrina Gouasmia Boussahoul, Messaoud Benguerba","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163428","url":null,"abstract":"Argon gas cluster sputtering yields serve as a fundamental tool in surface analysis and modification, facilitating precise material characterization and advanced engineering applications. Seah’s universal equation provides a solid foundation for modeling sputtering by Argon cluster; however, its practical application relies on the determination of the three unknown parameters A, q, and B, which are fitting parameters. To overcome this difficulty, a model for sputtering from solid metallic and organic surfaces under Argon cluster impacts is proposed. It represents an extension to Bengeurba‘s model [<span><span>1</span></span>] originally developed for sputtering under rapid metallic cluster impacts. Indeed, its application to Argon cluster has revealed a limitation to sputtering yield at low energy. This limitation may arise from the distinct fragmentation dynamics and lower binding energy of Argon clusters, which significantly alter energy deposition sputtering mechanisms. To account for the difference between metallic and non-metallic clusters impact, it is assumed that within the shock conditions generated at the impact on the surface, material ejection or sputtering takes place under the action of a rarefaction wave which propagates inward into the compressed region. The analysis reveals that both the size of the cluster and the mass ratio between the cluster and the target significantly influence on sputtering yield. Additionally, the extended model has been validated using experimental and molecular dynamics simulations data, applied to both metallic and organic material showing excellent agreement. By bridging theoretical predictions with experimental observations and MD simulations, this work provides valuable insights into Argon cluster-induced sputtering phenomena.","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143905750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zif-derived PtCu/N-DC dodecahedrons: Synergistic enhancement mechanism of methanol oxidation activity and poisoning resistance under low platinum loading","authors":"Xue Li, Jingjia Zhang, Qianhui Li, Shuimei Yang, Chengze Wei, Feng Zhang, Zhenbo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163388","url":null,"abstract":"Preparing low-cost and high-activity methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) electrocatalysts is a key approach for renewable energy technologies. However, due to the high price and instability of platinum-based catalysts, the addition of transition metals to alloy catalysts on the basis of platinum is a prevalent strategy to improve catalytic activity and stability. Herein, we prepared a PtCu alloy catalyst that is highly dispersed on an N-doped carbon dodecahedron (PtCu/N-DC) by a simple pyrolysis method. The experiments demonstrate that the robust interaction between N-doped porous carbon support and PtCu alloy imparts strong stability to the catalyst. At the same time, there is a strong interaction between Cu atom and Pt atom, doping with Cu can adjust its surface electronic configuration of Pt, thereby improving the MOR performance of the catalyst. With a platinum loading of just 10 % compared to the 20 % in commercial Pt/C, PtCu/N-DC exhibits mass activity and specific activity that are 4.1 times and 5.8 times higher, with significant catalytic activity and a high level of resistance to carbon monoxide poisoning. Theoretical analysis indicates that the PtCu/N-DC catalyst exhibits a low energy barrier during the critical steps, which aligns with the enhanced electrocatalytic activity demonstrated in the experimental findings.","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143905754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-dimensional hierarchical structure enable sheet-like network Li plating with Efficient space utilization for advanced lithium metal anodes","authors":"Ning wang, Yang Wang, Chunsheng Shi, Yue Li, Rui Zhang, Xin’gai Wang, Haichang Zhang, Fei Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163374","url":null,"abstract":"The lithium (Li) metal as the most competitive candidate anode for Li-S batteries has been plagued by significant volumetric fluctuations and uncontrolled dendritic Li growth during repeated plating/stripping processes, leading to deteriorated cycling stability and severe safety hazards. To address these challenges, we designed and fabricated a three-dimensional (3D) carbon–carbon nanotubes-Ni hierarchical architecture (3DC-CNTs-Ni) as a multifunctional host for lithium metal anodes (LMAs). The 3DC-CNTs-Ni framework enables guided Li nucleation and deposition through the engineered “tip discharge effect” induced by nickel particles located at carbon nanotube termini, resulting in uniform dense two-dimensional (2D) sheet-like growth of Li instead of irregular dendrite growth. Further, the sheet-like Li forms an interconnected Li network to enable uniform filling of the entire electrode with zero expansion, including the inside of the porous hierarchical architecture. Crucially, the linear correlation between double-layer capacitance (Cs) and electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) obtained from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) reveals that the 2D sheet-like growth pattern mechanism. Thus, the Coulombic efficiency (CE) of the 3DC-CNTs-Ni skeleton for the Li metal anode could remain at 98.5 % for over 500 cycles. Consequently, the soft package of Li-S battery using the Li@3DC-CNTs-Ni anode delivers a capacity of 750 mAh g⁻¹ after 50 cycles at 0.2C. This work provides a scalable strategy for developing high-performance LMAs with dendrite suppression and volumetric stability.","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143905749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ce doping enhances the field emission performance of single crystal La0.75Ce0.25B6 FEAs: Experimental and theoretical exploration","authors":"Hongliang Liu, Xue Gao, Zhiying Guo, Zunwei Zhu, Guijun Wu, Xin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163410","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the effect of Ce doping on field emission properties of single crystal La_0.75Ce_0.25B₆ field emission arrays (FEAs) was studied by utilizing a combination of experimental and density functional theory (DFT). The spark plasma sintering (SPS) technology combined with optical zone melting method were used to prepare Ce doped single crystal La_0.75Ce_0.25B₆ with good quality, and then uses femtosecond laser direct writing technology to prepare a FEAs on its crystal surface. The single crystal quality, field emission performance FEAs of La_0.75Ce_0.25B₆ single crystal were tested. The curvature radius of the prepared FEAs with uniform morphology and surface nanostructure is about 0.5 μm. The femtosecond laser does not damage the surface structure and phase of the FEAs. The field emission test results of the FEAs indicate that its starting electric field is 1.9 V/μm. The emission current density with good emission stability could reach 1.0 mA under the electric field of 6.8 V/μm. DFT calculated results show that Ce doping enhances the field emission performance of single crystal La_0.75Ce_0.25B₆ FEAs with a lower work function by optimizing the energy band structure (Fermi level position and electron effective mass) and 4f-5d electron orbital distribution.","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143905753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overlaid Shockley- and Frank-type stacking faults in 4H-SiC epitaxial layers","authors":"Moonkyong Na, Soon-Ku Hong, Wook Bahng, Hyundon Jung, Chanhyoung Oh, Donghyun Jang, Dohyung Kim, Taswar Iqbal, Jucheol Park, Yeong Gyeong Park","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163425","url":null,"abstract":"Overlaid Shockley-type stacking fault (SSF) and Frank-type stacking fault (FSF) structures in 4H-SiC epitaxial layers were investigated using photoluminescence (PL) mapping, spectral analysis, and HAADF HR–STEM. Overlaid SSFs was placed 390-nm apart along the c-direction of growth with a lower quadruple SSF (4,4) and an upper SSF (4,3,2,3). The SSF (4,3,2,3) were observed for the first time and a characteristic PL emission wavelength of 456 nm was determined. Overlaid FSFs with a lower intrinsic Frank-type SF (FSF) (5,2) and an upper FSF (5,3,3,2), placed 32-nm apart, were investigated. The characteristic PL emission wavelength of the FSF (5,3,3,2) was determined, for the first time, to 481 nm. Formation models for the SSF (4,3,2,3) from a SSF (4,4) and the FSF (5,3,3,2) from a FSF (5,2) were proposed. Stacking fault energies (SFEs) for SSFs (4,3,2,3) and (4,4) were theoretically calculated: 6.3 and 9.5 mJ/m² the SSF (4,3,2,3) and SSF (4,4), respectively. The smaller SFE for the SSF (4,3,3,2) supported its formation from SSF (4,4). The results showed formation and various geometries of SFs in atomic scale and expand our understanding of realistic SFs in 4H-SiC epitaxial layers, which are crucial in exploring their effects on SiC device performances.","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143905745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-depth study on the influence of copper oxidation state on the adsorption of azole corrosion inhibitors: experimental, theoretical calculation, and mechanism analysis","authors":"Renhao Liu ,&nbsp;Nannan Zhang ,&nbsp;Baimei Tan ,&nbsp;Yanyan Huang ,&nbsp;Fangyuan Wang ,&nbsp;Xinyu Han ,&nbsp;Jiadong Zhao ,&nbsp;Xinyu Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Copper is the preferred material for multi-layer metal interconnects in integrated circuits, and its corrosion protection during chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) is critical. This study investigated the adsorption behavior of azole-based corrosion inhibitor 2,2′-[[(5-Methyl-1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)methyl]imino]bisethanol (TT-LYK) on copper surfaces in different oxidation states and its inhibitory effect on copper corrosion. The results of electrochemical tests and contact angle tests indicate that TT-LYK forms a hydrophobic passivation layer on different copper surfaces, effectively inhibiting copper corrosion, and the adsorption strength is in the order of fresh copper surface (Cu) &gt; untreated copper surface (Cu₂O) &gt; H₂O₂-treated copper surface (CuO). Subsequently, results including EDS testing, XPS testing, adsorption isotherms, and theoretical calculations confirmed that the oxygen content was the most significant factor causing differences in adsorption behavior. The oxygen element occupies Cu and unsaturated copper (Cu_cus), hindering the formation of Cu<img>N (or Cu_cus-N) chemical bonds. The saturation of the oxygen element reduces the possibility of TT-LYK adsorption on the surface. However, Cu and Cu₂O surfaces do not contain or have low oxygen content, and TT-LYK is effectively adsorbed through Cu<img>N (or Cu_cus-N) and hydrogen bonding. The research results provide valuable insights for the development of new polishing slurry and the corrosion protection of copper.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"703 ","pages":"Article 163427"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143901376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic nanocomposite MnFe2O4-SiO2 as an efficient carrier for phospholipase A1 in DHA-rich phosphatidylcholine synthesis","authors":"Zhaoding Lang, Luchao Ren, Qin Gao, Ruyi Li, Xuechao Hu, Lujing Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163429","url":null,"abstract":"To address the instability and low reusability of free phospholipase A1 (PLA1) in enzymatic synthesis, this study introduces a magnetic nanocomposite, MnFe₂O₄-SiO₂, as an efficient carrier for enzyme immobilization. Synthesized through a hydrothermal method followed by silica coating, this advanced material boasts a high specific surface area, excellent magnetic separability, and robust structural integrity. These characteristics synergistically enhance the immobilization process, resulting in a remarkable 70% immobilization efficiency under optimized conditions. Notably, the immobilized enzyme exhibited significantly improved catalytic activity compared to its free counterpart. In the transesterification reaction, the system achieved impressive incorporation rates of 41.91% for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and 13.33% for docosapentaenoic acid (DPA). Furthermore, the immobilized enzyme demonstrated excellent operational stability, retaining 68.75% of its initial activity after five consecutive reaction cycles. This work demonstrates the potential of MnFe₂O₄-SiO₂ for sustainable and efficient enzyme catalysis, offering a scalable solution for the industrial production of DHA-rich phosphatidylcholine.","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143905730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The surface modification of NiO@NiSe2 enhanced high energy storage properties for flexible hybrid supercapacitor","authors":"Venkata Thulasivarma Chebrolu, Choi Jun, Goli Nagaraju, Deviprasath Chinnadurai, Kyungjun Kim, Chanmyeong Kim, Sang-Min Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163377","url":null,"abstract":"Self-standing composite nanostructures have attracted significant attention in energy storage devices to enhance capacity for practical applications, such as supercapacitors. In this regard, we propose a simple and efficient electrodeposition technique to fabricate a surface-modified NiO@NiSe₂ cathode for a hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) via a chronoamperometry-based process. The composite NiO@NiSe₂ structure exhibits a high areal capacity (307.2 µAh cm⁻²) compared with NiSe₂ (213.3 µAh cm⁻²) and NiO (60.1 µAh cm⁻²) electrode materials. The enhanced performance is attributed to the smoothing effect produced by oxygen vacancies in NiO within the layered NiSe₂ nanostructure, which shortens the ion migration path, while the open structure of layered pores and nanoflakes accelerates ion transport. Furthermore, the composite NiO@NiSe₂ has been used to construct a full-cell device to demonstrate practical applicability, with activated carbon as the negative electrode material. The fabricated device, NiO@NiSe₂//AC, delivers a notable areal capacitance, energy, and power density (301.4 mF cm⁻²; 94.2 µWh cm⁻²; and 1000 µW cm⁻², respectively) at a current density of 3 mA cm⁻². Additionally, the device exhibits long-term cycling performance, maintaining 81.3 % capacity retention after approximately 4500 cycles at a practical high current density of 35 mA cm⁻². Moreover, the HSC device was successfully evaluated by powering multiple LEDs, demonstrating its practical applicability. TOF-SIMS, XPS, Raman, FE-SEM, and FE-TEM analyses were conducted to elucidate the structural evolution and electrochemical reaction mechanisms of the NiO@NiSe₂ composite structure. These results suggest that the composite structure design, including the use of activated carbon in hybrid supercapacitors, is promising for developing energy storage devices for wearable and electronic applications.","PeriodicalId":247,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143905751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}