Appetite最新文献

{"title":"Beyond the family's cooking frequency: The influence of cooking techniques on vegetable and fruit consumption among the U.S. population","authors":"Larissa Galastri Baraldi ,&nbsp;Mariana Fagundes Grilo ,&nbsp;Marina Landert ,&nbsp;Carla Adriano Martins","doi":"10.1016/j.appet.2024.107757","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.appet.2024.107757","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Despite the well-established health benefits of fruits and vegetables, U.S. consumption remains far below the WHO's recommended 400 g per day. Understanding how culinary techniques influence intake could elucidate strategies for improving dietary habits.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To explore whether the use of cooking techniques for fruits and vegetables is associated with increased consumption of these foods and the corresponding variation in total fiber intake among the U.S. population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009–2010, participants (n = 9754) were categorized into groups based on their self-reported cooking frequency. Cooking techniques were classified into types. The mean consumption of fruits and vegetables was segmented into quartiles. Cooking frequency was evaluated, and differences between groups were assessed using chi-square tests and mean comparison tests. The study also assessed the prevalence of cooking techniques for different food groups. Additionally, linear regression analyses were conducted to adjust the mean daily per capita consumption of fruits, vegetables, and dietary fiber, considering cooking frequency and other socioeconomic variables as predictors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The studied population's mean consumption of fruits and vegetables was 302.9 g, with half of this amount consisting of fruits. Individuals from households with frequent cooking practices (≥5x a week) consumed, on average, 48.2 g more fruits and vegetables daily than those from households with less frequent cooking (&lt;5x a week). The use of diverse cooking techniques significantly improved vegetable intake, showing a fivefold increase in consumption among those employing multiple techniques. Moreover, frequent home cooking was associated with a 1.0-g increase in daily fiber intake.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Public policies aimed at improving fruit and vegetable intake among the U.S. population should consider, in addition to cooking frequency, the role of cooking techniques in influencing the consumption of these food groups.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":242,"journal":{"name":"Appetite","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 107757"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142580898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel appetite loss in older adults with and without cognitive impairment (ALOC) screening scale","authors":"Anna Rudzińska ,&nbsp;Agnieszka Pac ,&nbsp;Barbara Gryglewska ,&nbsp;Ian Perera ,&nbsp;Jerzy Gąsowski ,&nbsp;Karolina Piotrowicz","doi":"10.1016/j.appet.2024.107758","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.appet.2024.107758","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Appetite is a strong determinant of nutritional status. As cognitive impairment is usually linked to alterations in eating behaviour, people with dementia might experience changes in appetite with the loss of ability to express their needs, including dietary choices and preferences. The aim of the study was to develop an appetite loss screening tool for older adults, inclusive for those with mild to moderate cognitive impairment. The study questionnaire, consisting of 44 binary items related to appetite, was employed among 127 hospitalized older patients (55.9% women, mean age 79.4 ± 7.1 years) with and without cognitive impairment (31.5% categorized as suspected mild dementia, 26.0% as suspected moderate dementia). An exploratory factor analysis was performed to identify items that constitute the final scale, with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.81. The final tool consists of seven questions, with a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 80.6%, using the Council on Nutrition Appetite Questionnaire score as reference. Acceptability post-test was performed in 20 patients (70% women, mean age 79.6 ± 5.3 years) to test the clinical feasibility of the scale. The customized design of the scale, according to the recommendation for written materials for individuals with dementia, empowers older adults, supports diagnosis and encourages their proactivity in the treatment process. The scale was found to perform similarly in older persons with and without cognitive impairment, which renders it a versatile assessment tool.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":242,"journal":{"name":"Appetite","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 107758"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142580880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of child nutrition counselling, gender dynamics, and intra-household feeding decision-making on child dietary diversity in semi-arid northern Ghana","authors":"Cornelius K.A. Pienaah,&nbsp;Mildred Naamwintome Molle,&nbsp;Isaac Luginaah","doi":"10.1016/j.appet.2024.107755","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.appet.2024.107755","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Every child has the right to proper nutrition. As such, child nutrition counselling is recommended to improve child dietary diversity and reduce malnutrition. However, there is limited empirical evidence on how child nutrition counselling, gender dynamics, and intra-household feeding decisions play a role and translate to child dietary diversity in rural contexts. Informed by theoretical conceptions from Health Belief Model (HBM) and Gender and Development (GAD) framework, we analyzed cross-sectional data from 517 smallholder households in Ghana's semi-arid Upper West Region to investigate the relationship between child nutrition counselling, gender dynamics, intra-household feeding decision-making, and their impact on child dietary diversity. Results from ordered logistic regression show that households that received child nutrition counselling reported higher child dietary diversity. Joint intra-household feeding decisions were associated with higher child dietary diversity. Households with good self-rated childcare, engaged in home gardening, and higher wealth, as well as those in the Waala ethnic group, were more likely to have high child dietary diversity. A decrease in household head age was linked to increased high child dietary diversity. On the other hand, female-headed households, Brifo ethnic groups, and those in the Wa East and Wa West districts were less likely to experience high child dietary diversity. Implementing interventions and policies prioritizing nutrition education in the Upper West Region and similar sub-Saharan African contexts is recommended. Strategies like scaling up child nutrition counselling, food demonstrations, mother-to-mother support nutrition outreach, and mobile nutrition clinics can empower women and improve children's well-being.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":242,"journal":{"name":"Appetite","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 107755"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142566502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sizzling steaks and manly molds: Exploring the meanings of meat and masculinities in young men's lives.","authors":"Elina Vrijsen, Sofie Van Bauwel, Alexander Dhoest, Charlotte De Backer","doi":"10.1016/j.appet.2024.107754","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.appet.2024.107754","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Eating (red) meat and masculinity are historically and culturally associated, leading to the stereotype \"real men eat meat\" in western societies. Existing literature primarily examines men's motivations, justifications, and attitudes toward meat consumption; however, there is limited understanding of the themes that emerging adult men associate with their meat consumption and how these themes relate to their masculine identity. This study employed semi-structured interviews with thirty men aged 18 to 29, living in Flanders, Belgium. Through inductive analysis, we identified five meat themes (i.e. the topics men talk about when discussing their meat-eating behavior): \"traditional cuisine\", \"doing meat\", \"fitness\", \"taste\", and \"meat ethics\". Subsequently, these themes were deductively connected to the frameworks of Wong and Wang's (2022) model of masculinities and Piazza et al.'s (2015) 4N scale of meat justification to gain insight into the link between masculine identities and meat consumption. Finally, we formulated five \"masculine meat identities\": \"normative\", \"performative\", \"embodied\", \"hedonistic\" and \"ethical\" meat masculinities. Each identity reflects how men utilize meat, particularly red meat, for communicating and reinforcing their masculine identity, while also serving as a medium for expressing personal and social identities. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of how food, especially meat, operates as a means of communicating gender, bridging the disciplines of food and masculinities studies. Moreover, insights obtained from these masculine meat identities provide implications for public health, marketing, and policy. By tailoring strategies that resonate with diverse masculine identities, stakeholders can better align their initiatives with global health and sustainable objectives.</p>","PeriodicalId":242,"journal":{"name":"Appetite","volume":" ","pages":"107754"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142566484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A qualitative exploration of mothers' perspectives on infant formula use in Uruguay","authors":"Alejandra Girona ,&nbsp;Agustina Vitola ,&nbsp;Gerónimo Brunet ,&nbsp;Gastón Ares ,&nbsp;Carolina de León ,&nbsp;Raquel Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Mónica Lozano ,&nbsp;Leticia Vidal","doi":"10.1016/j.appet.2024.107753","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.appet.2024.107753","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transformation of the first-food systems and the widespread availability and marketing of breastmilk substitutes undermine efforts to promote adequate breastfeeding practices. The objective of the present research was to explore mothers' perspectives on infant formula use in Montevideo, the capital of Uruguay. A generic qualitative design was used to explore mothers' perspectives on the factors that act as enablers or barriers for infant formula use. Semi-structured interviews with thirty-four mothers of 0–23 months old children, aged between 25- and 40-years old, were conducted. The interview transcripts were analyzed using content analysis based on inductive-deductive coding considering the framework of the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, and Behavior (COM-B) model. The discourse of the interviewees enabled the identification of a wide range of barriers and enablers for the use of infant formula, which were related to the three components of the model: capabilities, opportunity, and motivation. The health system emerged as the key determinant of infant formula use. Most of the participants who used infant formula referred to medical indication when explaining the reasons underlying their infant feeding decisions. The working status of the mother and emotional aspects of the child feeding experience were also identified as key enablers of infant formula use, whereas knowledge about health benefits and breastfeeding techniques, support from families and health-professionals, and motivation to breastfeed were key barriers. Taken together, these results suggest that strategies to reduce the use of infant formula in Uruguay should mainly focus on providing opportunities to breastfeed by improving the quality of the support and guidance provided to families in the health system and facilitating greater balance between breastfeeding and work.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":242,"journal":{"name":"Appetite","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 107753"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142566529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“It just made sense to me!” A Qualitative Exploration of Individual Motivation for Time-Restricted Eating","authors":"Hilmi S. Rathomi ,&nbsp;Nahal Mavaddat ,&nbsp;Judith M. Katzenellenbogen ,&nbsp;Sandra C. Thompson","doi":"10.1016/j.appet.2024.107751","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.appet.2024.107751","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Time-Restricted Eating (TRE), a form of intermittent fasting, has gained popularity for weight control and metabolic health. It is not incorporated into dietary and clinical guidelines, and hence is generally not being recommended to the public. This qualitative study explores how individuals have discovered TRE as a form of dietary practice and their motivations for practising it. Using purposive and snowball sampling, we recruited 21 participants who had engaged in TRE for at least 3 months (range 3 months to over 5 years). In-depth interviews were conducted with an interview guide developed based on the Health Belief Model. We utilised an inductive coding process and thematic analysis to identify the factors motivating TRE adoption. Seven main themes emerged: (1) dissatisfaction and resistance to prior or traditional approaches, (2) perceived broader health benefits, (3) principles of TRE deemed logical, (4) low to no cost of adoption, (5) manageable psychosocial barriers, (6) being non-restrictive and easy to use, and (7) compatibility with personal lifestyle. This study provided insights into early phase of TRE adoption among individuals in real world settings. Future research should explore health practitioners' perspectives on TRE to better understand the acceptability and potential use of TRE as a weight management approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":242,"journal":{"name":"Appetite","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 107751"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142566296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The bioSocial Cognitive Theory of Eating (bSCT-e): Applying and Elaborating on a Biopsychosocial Substance Use Theory for Food Addiction.","authors":"Jasmine S Zaphir, Natalie J Loxton, Matthew J Gullo","doi":"10.1016/j.appet.2024.107750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2024.107750","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obesity rates are increasing globally, and food addiction (FA¹) may be an important contributing factor but there is a lack of understanding of the key psychological mechanisms that contribute to FA. The bioSocial Cognitive Theory (bSCT) proposes that substance use is predicted by biologically based personality traits and their influence on social cognitive mechanisms. While validated in substance use, bSCT has not been applied to a behavioural or non-substance addiction. However, the bSCT does not include a negative affective personality component, of which there is clear theoretical and empirical support as risk factors for FA. Thus, this study sought to test both the original bSCT model and an elaborated version related to eating (bSCT-e) that included direct and indirect punishment sensitivity pathways to identify the individual risk factors of FA. Data were collected from 204 university students (75.5% female; M_age = 24.82, SD = 9.17) via an online survey. Both original bSCT and bSCT-e models provided a good fit to the data, with the latter providing slightly better fit and accounting for more variance in FA. The findings suggest that individuals who are more reward driven and punishment sensitive hold exaggerated beliefs about the reinforcing and emotion regulation effects of eating, which may undermine eating control and increase risk of FA. This study provides potential new insights into the complex biopsychosocial mechanisms of FA, and points to potential intervention targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":242,"journal":{"name":"Appetite","volume":" ","pages":"107750"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142566499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A naturalistic assessment of the relationship between negative affect and loss of control eating over time following metabolic and bariatric surgery","authors":"Gail A. Kerver ,&nbsp;Joseph A. Wonderlich ,&nbsp;Leslie A. Laam ,&nbsp;Theresa Amponsah ,&nbsp;Katherine Nameth ,&nbsp;Kristine J. Steffen ,&nbsp;Leslie J. Heinberg ,&nbsp;Debra L. Safer ,&nbsp;Stephen A. Wonderlich ,&nbsp;Scott G. Engel","doi":"10.1016/j.appet.2024.107748","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.appet.2024.107748","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Disordered eating behavior has been linked to suboptimal weight outcomes following metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS), thereby threatening the most efficacious treatment for severe obesity. While up to 40% of patients may experience loss of control (LOC) eating following MBS, mechanisms driving this behavior are not fully understood. Preliminary evidence suggests that high levels of negative affect (NA) in the moment prompt LOC eating post-MBS; however, it remains unclear whether this momentary relationship is stable or changes over the first several years following surgery. Consequently, this study examined differences in the prospective relationship between NA and LOC eating severity over time post-MBS using three waves of ecological momentary assessment data collection. Participants (<em>n</em> = 143, 87% female), were asked to rate momentary levels of NA and LOC eating severity on their smartphone ≥5 times/day for 7 days at 1-, 2-, and 3-years post-MBS. Both NA and LOC eating were rated on a 1–5 Likert scale, with higher scores indicating more severe symptoms. NA was within- and between-person centered and used as a prospective predictor of LOC eating severity. Analyses evaluated if time post-MBS moderated the relationship. A generalized linear mixed model demonstrated that higher NA predicted more severe LOC eating at the next signal when centered within- and between-subjects. Time post-MBS moderated the within-NA to LOC eating severity effect, such that the relationship remained unchanged between years 1 and 2, but strengthened between years 2 and 3. Findings suggest that momentary NA becomes a more powerful predictor of LOC eating severity as time passes post-MBS, which has important implications for interventions aimed at reducing LOC eating and promoting optimal weight outcomes in the post-surgical period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":242,"journal":{"name":"Appetite","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 107748"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142563457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Restrictive, but not instrumental feeding, is associated with Eating in the Absence of Hunger in toddlers: A cross-sectional lab-based study","authors":"Camille Riera-Navarro,&nbsp;Sophie Nicklaus","doi":"10.1016/j.appet.2024.107746","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.appet.2024.107746","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the early origins of Eating in the Absence of Hunger (EAH) is crucial, as maladaptive appetite regulation contributes to excessive weight gain in childhood. This cross-sectional study primarily investigated in toddlers the associations between EAH and parental feeding practices (PFP), focusing on instrumental feeding. It also explored the associations with children's temperament or food accessibility, and their potential moderating effects on the relationship between EAH and PFP. Sixty-six parents and toddlers aged 24–36 months participated. EAH (kcal) was assessed using Fisher and Birch's (1999) lab-based paradigm. PFP, children's general temperament and appetitive traits, and food accessibility were parent-reported. Children's weight and height were measured to calculate their BMI z-score. Linear regressions analyzed associations between EAH and PFP, adjusted or not for children's or parents' characteristics. Interactions assessed the moderating effects of temperament or food accessibility. Toddlers' EAH (43 ± 41 kcal) was unrelated to instrumental feeding, namely using food as a reward (r = −0.08, p = 0.76) and to regulate emotions (r = 0.04, p = 0.76), which were rarely applied by parents. EAH was not associated with children's temperament or food accessibility, but exploratory analyses revealed a positive association with parental restriction for health reasons (RFH, r = 0.30, p = 0.01), especially at high and moderate levels of Ease of access to food (RFH x Ease of access interaction: β = 12.2, p = 0.01). Soothability did not moderate the relationship between EAH and PFP. In conclusion, toddler's EAH was not associated with instrumental feeding but correlated positively with health-related restriction. This was moderated by food accessibility, suggesting that limiting food accessibility in early childhood may mitigate this adverse relationship. This study was preregistered (<span><span>https://osf.io/6r5m8</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>) and received ethical approbation (CEEI, registration number 23–1001).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":242,"journal":{"name":"Appetite","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 107746"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142556561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating text, icon, and graphic nutrition labels: An eye tracking experiment with Latino adults in the US","authors":"Marissa G. Hall ,&nbsp;Anna H. Grummon ,&nbsp;Callie Whitesell ,&nbsp;Cristina J.Y. Lee ,&nbsp;Quinn Errico ,&nbsp;Tiffiany Portacio ,&nbsp;Mirian I. Avendaño-Galdamez ,&nbsp;M. Justin Byron ,&nbsp;Adam O. Goldstein","doi":"10.1016/j.appet.2024.107745","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.appet.2024.107745","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is developing front-of-package nutrition labels for packaged foods. Identifying the most promising type of label among Latino adults could inform federal regulation, given high rates of diet-related disease in Latino populations. Additionally, exploring English-language label effects among populations with limited English proficiency could inform equitable label design. We examined whether text, icon, or graphic nutrition labels attract attention among Latino populations and whether label effects differed by English proficiency. In 2023, we recruited 63 adults in North Carolina identifying as Latino/a/é (hereinafter “Latino”); 48% had limited English proficiency. Participants viewed four labels on a can of soup in random order: a barcode label (control) and text, icon, and graphic labels reading, “WARNING: High in sodium.” Eye trackers measured time spent viewing the label (dwell time), number of times viewing the label (fixation count), and time to first fixation on the label. A survey assessed secondary outcomes. Dwell time was highest for the graphic label (mean = 2.58 s (s)), followed by icon (mean = 2.34s), text (mean = 1.94s), and control labels (mean = .96s; <em>p</em> for each label vs. control &lt;.001). The impact of label type on dwell time did not differ by English proficiency (<em>p</em> = .669). Fixation count was highest for the graphic label, followed by the icon, text, and control labels (<em>p</em> for each label vs. control &lt;.001). Participants viewed the graphic and text labels more quickly than control (<em>p</em>s = .01). Self-reported attention, perceived message effectiveness, and understandability were higher for graphic, icon, and text labels than control (all <em>p</em> &lt; .001 vs. control). This study suggests that front-of-package labels signaling that foods are high in nutrients of concern can attract consumers’ attention, especially when the labels include images or icons.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":242,"journal":{"name":"Appetite","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 107745"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142556560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}