Appetite最新文献

{"title":"Mental health research in vegans and vegetarians: a critical commentary on ethics, empathy, and epidemiology","authors":"Jessica L. Campbell","doi":"10.1016/j.appet.2025.108348","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.appet.2025.108348","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper critiques the widespread use of epidemiological comparisons between vegans and omnivores in mental health research. While such studies often attribute outcomes to nutritional deficiencies or benefits, they overlook key psychosocial and ethical factors, including elevated empathy, social stigma, and inconsistent dietary classifications. These confounds undermine causal inference and render observational findings conceptually flawed. Within-vegan analyses of diet quality offer more valid insights. We argue that future research could incorporate targeted psychological screening to better capture the ethical and social stressors unique to veganism, improving the accuracy and relevance of mental health assessments in both research and policy contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":242,"journal":{"name":"Appetite","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 108348"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145278604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body image disturbances and disordered eating during pregnancy: a comparison of pregnant women with low and high risk of eating disorders","authors":"Marie-Michelle Blouin ,&nbsp;Valérie Simard ,&nbsp;Julie Achim","doi":"10.1016/j.appet.2025.108343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.appet.2025.108343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The main aims of this study are to examine changes in body image disturbances and disordered eating during pregnancy, among women who presented with low and high risk of eating disorders and to identify predisposing factors (i.e., conditions present in the preconception period) of higher body image disturbances and disordered eating during the first trimester. Two independent samples (n<em>1</em> = 350, n<em>2</em> = 179) of pregnant women were included in the study and completed an online survey, including a new body image and disordered eating measure tailored for pregnant women. The first sample contributed to establishing cut-off values for that new measure, which identified women with low and high risk of eating disorders. The second sample was recruited using a longitudinal design with three-time points (T1 = first trimester; T2 = second trimester; T3 = third trimester). Profile analyses revealed that the low-risk group of eating disorders displayed stable body image disturbances and disordered eating during pregnancy, while the high-risk group of eating disorders exhibited decreased body image disturbances and disordered eating from early to mid-pregnancy. Binary logistic regressions revealed that only psychological variables (i.e., history of eating disorders and depression) were significant predictors of high body image disturbances and disordered eating at T1. Our findings emphasize the need to raise awareness within the field of prenatal care to monitor eating disorder symptomatology as well as history of depression and eating disorders in non-clinical women.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":242,"journal":{"name":"Appetite","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 108343"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145285326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between food insecurity, intuitive eating, and body mass index among adults: a cross-sectional study in Türkiye","authors":"Gökçe Ünal ,&nbsp;Özge Esgin","doi":"10.1016/j.appet.2025.108341","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.appet.2025.108341","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examined the relationship between food insecurity, intuitive eating, and body mass index among adults. This cross-sectional study was conducted through face-to-face interviews between January and March 2025 at a public university in Türkiye, involving 1166 students and personnel (65.7 % women; age range: 19–64 years). Participants answered the Food Insecurity Experience Scale and the Intuitive Eating Scale-2, which has four subdimensions: unconditional permission to eat, eating for physical rather than emotional reasons, reliance on hunger and satiety cues, and body-food choice congruence. Self-reported body weight and height were collected to calculate body mass index. Food insecurity was experienced by 42.7 % of participants. It was associated with lower total Intuitive Eating Scale-2, reliance on hunger and satiety cues, body-food choice congruence (controlled for sex, institutional role, and age), and eating for physical rather than emotional reasons (controlled for sex and institutional role) scores. Sex was not a moderator of the association between food insecurity and intuitive eating. There were no significant interactions between Intuitive Eating Scale-2 total and subdimensions and food security status for body mass index. Overall, our study provides empirical evidence that food insecurity is a significant factor that contributes to low levels of intuitive eating in a large sample of Turkish adults. Further studies should investigate the moderating effect of sex on the association between food insecurity and intuitive eating, while also emphasizing the role of food insecurity in the relationship between intuitive eating habits and body mass index in different populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":242,"journal":{"name":"Appetite","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 108341"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145273225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feeding practices and concerns as mediators between maternal mental health and eating behaviours in early childhood","authors":"Monica A. Lazarus ,&nbsp;Beatrice Franzolini ,&nbsp;Johan G. Eriksson ,&nbsp;Mary F-F. Chong ,&nbsp;Toh Jia Ying ,&nbsp;Maria de Iorio ,&nbsp;Michael J. Meaney ,&nbsp;Keith M. Godfrey ,&nbsp;Fabian Yap ,&nbsp;Helen Chen ,&nbsp;Yap Seng Chong ,&nbsp;Michelle Z.L. Kee ,&nbsp;Anna M. Fogel","doi":"10.1016/j.appet.2025.108340","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.appet.2025.108340","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The impact of maternal mental health on child eating beyond infancy is understudied. This study explores whether maternal feeding practices and concerns mediate the association between maternal depression and anxiety symptoms and eating behaviours at age three years.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data from 409 mother-child dyads in the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes cohort were analysed. Maternal mental health was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory-II and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, feeding practices and concerns with the Preschooler Feeding Questionnaire, and child eating behaviours with the Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire. Structural equation modelling was used to test pathways.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Depression symptoms in mothers showed direct and indirect links to child eating behaviours. For example, maternal depression symptoms were directly associated with enjoyment of food (<em>B</em> = 0.011, <em>p</em> = 0.015) and indirectly with food responsiveness (<em>B</em> = 0.004, <em>p</em> = 0.034) via use of food to calm the child. Anxiety symptoms, however, had only indirect associations with child eating behaviours through maternal feeding concerns, not practices. For example, maternal anxiety symptoms were indirectly linked with food responsiveness through perceived difficulty in feeding (<em>B</em> = −0.001, <em>p</em> = 0.011).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Depression and anxiety symptoms influence children's eating behaviours differently. Anxiety symptoms were linked with child eating behaviours only through maternal feeding concerns, whereas depression symptoms were linked with child eating behaviours both directly and indirectly via feeding to calm the child. As maternal anxiety symptoms are linked with more child eating concerns, the validity of mother-reported child eating behaviours requires consideration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":242,"journal":{"name":"Appetite","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 108340"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145278522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Affect, interoception, and disordered and intuitive eating behaviors: Examining momentary mediational associations among women with eating disorder pathology","authors":"Kelly A. Romano ,&nbsp;Carol B. Peterson ,&nbsp;Lisa M. Anderson ,&nbsp;Brianne N. Richson ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Dougherty ,&nbsp;Kristin E. Heron","doi":"10.1016/j.appet.2025.108342","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.appet.2025.108342","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Affect and interoception (the ability to sense/connect with bodily sensations) are transdiagnostic self-regulatory factors that promote maladaptive eating behaviors at the between-person level (via cross-sectional research). However, no research has examined the mechanistic role of interoception dimensions in associations between affect, and disordered and intuitive eating behaviors (DEBs, IEBs) at the within-person level via ecological momentary assessment (EMA).</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>The present study addressed this research gap by examining whether: (1) momentary interoception dimensions (“not distracting,” “self-regulation,” “body listening and trust”) <em>differentially</em> mediated momentary associations between negative and positive affect (predictors), and DEBs (dietary restriction, overeating, loss of control eating) and IEBs (“eating for physical versus emotional reasons,” “reliance on hunger and satiety cues,” “unconditional permission to eat,” “body-food choice congruence”) outcomes; (2) these associations varied across affect, interoception, and eating behavior types. Women (<em>N</em> = 150) with eating disorder pathology (<em>M</em>_age = 20.95, <em>SD</em> = 4.14) completed 4 EMA surveys on mobile devices daily for 10 days.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Multilevel structural equation models showed that greater momentary <em>negative</em> affect was associated with more distracting from uncomfortable/painful bodily sensations at subsequent assessments (i.e., less “not distracting” interoception) and, in turn, less “eating for physical versus emotional reasons” IEB later that day. Greater momentary <em>positive</em> affect was associated with greater subsequent “body listening and trust” interoception and, subsequently, greater “reliance on hunger and satiety cues” IEB. No momentary indirect effects linking affect, interoception, and <em>DEBs</em> were significant.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These results may be leveraged to optimize eating disorders research and novel real-time interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":242,"journal":{"name":"Appetite","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 108342"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145278541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protein in context: Exploring the content and context of meat-free and meat-based eating occasions among UK adults","authors":"A.L. Erhard ,&nbsp;G.B.H. Andersen ,&nbsp;A.V. Cardello ,&nbsp;S.R. Jaeger","doi":"10.1016/j.appet.2025.108347","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.appet.2025.108347","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In light of the need to reduce reliance on meat, advancing a protein transition requires a clearer understanding of how different protein sources are embedded in everyday eating. This study explored both the content and context of eating occasions among UK adults who identified as omnivores or flexitarians (N = 1,212). 24-h dietary recall data was used to capture both the foods and beverages consumed, along with their associated situational, temporal, and social factors. Results showed that 19.1 % of dinners (i.e., evening meals) and 39.5 % of lunches were meat-free (defined here as meatless occasions containing either vegetarian protein or low protein), compared to &gt;80 % for breakfast and snacks. Meat-free occasions were generally consumed with fewer components that typically lend compositional structure to main meals—such as potatoes and vegetable sides. Meat-free vegetarian protein occasions were more often consumed with habitual breakfast items like cereal and milk, while meat-free low protein eating occasions often lacked structure altogether and contained discretionary (e.g., sweets and salted snack) foods. Compared to meat-based occasions, meat-free vegetarian protein occasions more frequently occurred at breakfast, and meat-free low protein occasions more frequently occurred as snacks. Both were commonly consumed at home, alone, and in short durations. These findings reveal that what people eat, as well as how, when, and with whom they eat it, are all important elements of the everyday realities of protein consumption—offering valuable insights for efforts to support the protein transition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":242,"journal":{"name":"Appetite","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 108347"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145278579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A daily gratitude listing intervention is associated with selection of smaller food portion sizes","authors":"Bobby K. Cheon ,&nbsp;Matthew B. Siroty ,&nbsp;Xue-Qi Ng ,&nbsp;Elizabeth X. Lim","doi":"10.1016/j.appet.2025.108336","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.appet.2025.108336","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Perceived deprivation and lower social status compared to others is associated with reduced sensations of fullness, selection of larger food portion sizes, and greater energy intake. Yet, it is unknown whether opposing experiences of gratitude, or appreciation of what one has, is associated with motivation to consume less energy. We tested whether a daily gratitude listing intervention leads to reduced energy intake and selection of smaller portion sizes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Young adults from a Singaporean university (N = 162; Mean Age = 21.59 ± 1.89; 98 female) were randomly assigned to either a daily gratitude listing intervention or daily event listing control condition for 2 weeks. Free-living energy intake was measured with food journals during the intervention period, and desired portion sizes for many foods were measured at baseline and post-intervention sessions using a virtual portion selection task.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There was no effect of the intervention on free-living energy intake, but those in the gratitude condition selected smaller portion sizes post-intervention compared to baseline; no change in portion size was observed for the control condition. The intervention reduced portion sizes for high energy-dense foods, but not lower energy-dense foods. Reduced appetite between the baseline and post-intervention sessions mediated this effect of the intervention on smaller portion sizes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>While perceived deprivation may stimulate appetite and the drive to eat, gratitude for what one has may promote satiety and intentions to eat less. Gratitude interventions may promote intentions to eat less, although effects on food intake require further investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":242,"journal":{"name":"Appetite","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 108336"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145257028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caregiver feeding practices, dietary intake and weight status of very low birthweight infants compared to term-born peers at school-entry.","authors":"Kathryn Walton, Kathryn E Hopperton, Alexia Lambis, Nicole Law, Simone Vaz, Alex Kiss, Sharon L Unger, Deborah L O'Connor","doi":"10.1016/j.appet.2025.108338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2025.108338","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Very low birth weight (VLBW; <1250g) infants have an elevated risk of early onset cardiometabolic disease. While likely multi-factorial, the role of early caregiver feeding practices is unknown. We explored associations between primary caregiver feeding practices, diet, and weight of VLBW vs. socio-economically matched term-born peers at school-entry. VLBW children (n=74; 61% female; median [IQR] birth gestation of 27.8 [26.2, 29.1] weeks) and term-born controls (n=74; 57% female) participated at 5-7 years of age (school entry). We evaluated associations between caregiver-observed (videorecorded standardized lunch) and self-reported feeding practices (Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire) with diet quality (Healthy Eating Index-2015), nutrition risk (NutriSTEP®), and body mass index (BMI) z-scores using linear mixed models with interaction terms (feeding practice x birth group), adjusted for parent ethnicity. Children were 6.1 + 0.4 years at the research visit. VLBW caregivers self-reported more coercive feeding than term-born caregivers, but no differences were observed during the videorecorded standardized lunch. More VLBW children had high nutrition risk (32%) than term-born peers (13%; p=0.02), but there was no difference in diet quality nor prevalence of underweight, overweight, or obesity. Caregiver self-reported restriction was associated with higher BMI z-scores (ß= 0.3 SD, 95% CI 0.05, 0.6) among VLBW children only, while self-reported pressure to eat (ß=-0.5 SD, 95% CI -0.9, -0.2) and feeding to avoid underweight (ß=-0.4 SD, 95% CI -0.6, 0.1) were associated with lower BMI z-scores. Caregiver feeding practices were associated with clinically relevant BMI z-scores among VLBW children. Future research should explore the most appropriate feeding guidance for VLBW infants during the transition home and post-discharge throughout the early years (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04308902). TRIAL REGISTRY: OptiMoM Grows Up: 5.5-year Follow-up of the OptiMoM Fortifier Study, NCT04308902, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04308902.</p>","PeriodicalId":242,"journal":{"name":"Appetite","volume":" ","pages":"108338"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145273262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterising the neural time-courses of food attribute representations","authors":"Violet J. Chae ,&nbsp;Tijl Grootswagers ,&nbsp;Stefan Bode ,&nbsp;Daniel Feuerriegel","doi":"10.1016/j.appet.2025.108337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.appet.2025.108337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dietary decisions involve the consideration of multiple, often conflicting, food attributes that precede the computation of an overall value for a food. The differences in the speed at which attributes are processed play an important role; however, it is unknown whether different attributes are processed over distinct time windows. We mapped the neural time-courses of 12 choice-relevant food attributes. Participants (<em>N</em> = 110) viewed food images while we recorded brain activity using electroencephalography (EEG). A separate group of participants (<em>N</em> = 421) rated the same images on nutritive properties (healthiness, calorie content, edibility, and level of transformation), hedonic properties (tastiness, willingness to eat, negative and positive valence, and arousal), and familiarity (previous exposure, recognisability, and typicality). Using representational similarity analysis, we quantified differences in patterns of multivariate EEG signals across foods and assessed whether the structure of these differences was correlated with differences in attribute ratings. We observed similar correlation time-courses for many attributes. There was an early window of correlations (∼200 ms from image onset), followed by sustained windows of correlation from ∼400 to 650 ms. Using principal component analysis, we identified a set of broader constructs that accounted for variance in ratings across multiple attributes, and were also correlated with the EEG data. Our results indicate that food attributes important for choice are represented rapidly and in parallel, over similar time windows. Furthermore, we reveal that broad dimensions underlying individual attributes are also represented in the neural activity with distinct time-courses, indicating a multilevel structure of food attribute representations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":242,"journal":{"name":"Appetite","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 108337"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145249222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food neophobia correlates with motor cortex excitability in response to disgust-related stimuli","authors":"Antonella Cano ,&nbsp;Chiara Lacana ,&nbsp;Nicola Loi ,&nbsp;Mohammed Zeroual ,&nbsp;Elena Castiglia ,&nbsp;Josetta Sanna ,&nbsp;Maria Grazia Catte ,&nbsp;Franca Deriu ,&nbsp;Francesca Ginatempo","doi":"10.1016/j.appet.2025.108334","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.appet.2025.108334","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Disgust is a negative emotion that can trigger rejection mechanisms which are important for survival when the disgusting stimulus is spoiled/contaminated food. In this context the anterior digastric (AD) muscle by opening the jaw has a role in expelling potentially harmful substances from the mouth. Whether disgusting gustative stimuli affect the excitability of the primary motor cortex (M1) innervating AD muscle is not known. In this study, by applying transcranial magnetic stimulation protocol, short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) was measured in AD M1, during passive viewing of pictures representing either unspoiled or spoiled food. As control disgusted or happy face expressions were also administered. To evaluate a specific muscle effect, the experiment was also performed in the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) representation area in M1. Disgust sensitivity, food neophobia and adherence to Mediterranean Diet were evaluated by validated questionnaires. Results evidenced that the passive view of gustatory disgust images does not modulate the excitability of AD M1. Correlation analysis showed an enhanced cortical excitability of the M1 innervating FDI, during the passive view of spoiled food, in higher food neophobic participants. This suggests that food neophobia could facilitate recognition of disgusting/rotten food and elicit avoidance mechanisms involving the hand but not the AD, associating for the first time, the heritable trait food neophobia with differences in M1 excitability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":242,"journal":{"name":"Appetite","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 108334"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}