Wear最新文献

{"title":"Model-based optimization of micromilling AISI H11 tool steel: A comprehensive study of wear and its impact on surface quality","authors":"T. Platt,&nbsp;D. Biermann","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205921","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205921","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Micromilling is characterized by its ability to machine complex shapes from hardened tool steels while achieving superior surface quality. However, suitable process design is crucial to prevent critical tool loads that can accelerate tool wear, depending on the removal rate and cutting edge engagement. Various wear mechanisms can impair tool performance, particularly when machining difficult-to-cut materials. A deep understanding of process load, wear development, and its impact on surface quality is essential for optimizing machining performance and efficiency. This experimental study investigates the machinability of AISI H11 hot-work tool steel (50.9 HRC) using a micromilling process with PVD-TiAlN coated micro-end milling cutters <em>d</em> = 1 mm. A statistical design of experiments varied depth of cut, width of cut, and feed per tooth. Cutting forces were measured to analyze tool load, while surface topography and microhardness of the surface layer were evaluated. Tool wear was monitored, and empirical models focused on flank wear were developed. The results demonstrated that under finishing process conditions, especially with a depth of cut (<em>a</em>_p) and feed per tooth (<em>f</em>_z) below 15 μm, cutting force values were comparatively low (<em>F</em>_R = 1.96 N). However, as tool wear progressed, increased ploughing effects raised specific cutting forces, resulting in an unsuitable process load. In contrast, highly productive process parameters (<em>a</em>_p = 95 μm), (<em>f</em>_z = 65 μm) resulted in higher cutting forces (up to 23.7 N), which, when increased by wear, led to overload-induced tool failure. Optimized settings promoted continuous abrasion as the dominant wear mechanism, significantly extending tool life. Tool tests revealed that wear-induced modifications impacted machining outcomes, improving surface roughness and increasing passive forces while enhancing microhardness. Overall, these findings highlight the effectiveness of model-based parameter optimization in enhancing micromilling performance and tool longevity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"570 ","pages":"Article 205921"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144230422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of Raman analysis on tribological study of PEEK reinforced with micro or nano SiC particles","authors":"Karl Delbé ,&nbsp;Marie Doumeng ,&nbsp;Jean Denape ,&nbsp;Tiphaine Mérian ,&nbsp;Florentin Berthet ,&nbsp;Olivier Marsan ,&nbsp;France Chabert","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205927","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205927","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the tribological behavior of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) composites reinforced with silicon carbide (SiC) particles of varying sizes and concentrations. The composites, filled with both nano- and micro-sized SiC particles at different loadings (2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%), were evaluated for their wear resistance and friction properties using a ball-on-plate tribometer. Raman spectroscopy was employed to track crystallinity changes in the PEEK matrix within the wear tracks, revealing significant amorphization in high-stress regions, especially with higher SiC content.</div><div>The findings show that nano-sized SiC particles provide superior reduced friction compared to their micro-sized counterparts, with optimal performance at 5–7.5% filler content. Nano-sized SiC particles enhance tribological performance by reducing friction while maintaining structural integrity in high-performance applications. However, higher SiC content led to increased wear in both micro- or nano-reinforced composites due to the instability of the wear debris. The study emphasizes the importance of particle size and filler content in improving tribological properties and suggests that further investigation into the mechanisms of wear and molecular disorientation could enhance the performance of PEEK-SiC composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"570 ","pages":"Article 205927"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144230477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of pretreatment schemes for electroless nickel plating of three solid lubricants","authors":"Songcheng Tan ,&nbsp;Chengkai Guan ,&nbsp;Wenjie Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhiming Wang ,&nbsp;Yuxin Zhang ,&nbsp;Longchen Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205939","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205939","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since there is no circulating medium to cool bits and clear drilling cuttings in the lunar drilling environment, the diamond coring bit is required to have good self-lubricating performance. Adding electroless nickel plated solid lubricants to the bit matrix can solve this problem efficiently, and reinforce the mechanical properties of the self-lubricated bit matrix at the same time. In this paper, two pretreatment schemes were designed according to three typical solid lubricants (i.e. MoS₂, WS₂, and CaF₂), and the optimal pretreatment scheme suits for each solid lubricant were obtained by systematic tests. The test results show that the pretreatment scheme of electroless nickel plating has different effects on the three solid lubricants. During the roughening process, the introduce of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) will produce more dense and uniform pits on the surface of CaF₂, while that of SDS on the roughening process of MoS₂ is leading to the rupture and disintegration of MoS₂. Besides, WS₂ will be oxidized to WO₃ during the roughening process, so the roughening process should be avoid for WS₂.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"570 ","pages":"Article 205939"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144230558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient predictive simulation of tool wear in face milling using an advanced 3D numerical approach","authors":"Grégory Methon ,&nbsp;Cédric Courbon ,&nbsp;François Auzenat ,&nbsp;Rachid M'Saoubi ,&nbsp;Mathieu Girinon ,&nbsp;Joël Rech","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205946","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205946","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Being able to predict tool life and the optimal cutting conditions for any combination of cutting tool system and workmaterial is clearly an up-to-date research issue. This work presents an innovative strategy for predicting efficiently tool wear in face milling operations. The primary objective is to develop a methodology capable of handling complex 3D geometries and tool paths within an industrially acceptable computing time. The approach involves a new 3D multi-scale numerical method based on discretizing the tool cutting edge into 2D elementary sections. A 2D Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) finite element cutting model is employed to compute local contact pressure, sliding velocity, and heat flux along each section in parallel. An elementary wear equation is applied to calculate the local wear rate after a given time increment, simulating all 2D worn profiles. These profiles are then merged to generate the updated 3D geometry of the worn tool. An iterative procedure is conducted to simulate the evolution of the cutting tool geometry over an extended cutting period. By achieving a good agreement with experimental results in a reasonable computation time, this strategy demonstrates significant potential for optimizing tool life and performance in milling operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"570 ","pages":"Article 205946"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144230668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of heat treatment on the wear behavior of an Al-Cu-Mg-Sn MMC reinforced with TiB2","authors":"Antonio Gutierrez-Santillan ,&nbsp;Carlos G. Figueroa ,&nbsp;Carlos Reyes-Ruiz ,&nbsp;A. Ortiz ,&nbsp;Rafael Schouwenaars","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205963","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205963","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The need to reduce emissions has pushed the automotive industry toward the introduction of light-weight components, which has increased the interest in metal matrix composites (MMC) based on light alloys in applications where the strength-to-weight ratio, hardness and wear resistance are important. Age hardenable aluminum alloys reinforced with ceramic particles can meet these needs. This study analyses the influence of solution heat treatment and age hardening on the wear rate and friction coefficient of an Al-Cu-Mg-Sn alloy reinforced with TiB₂ under sliding contact conditions against spheres of Si₃N₄ and AISI 52100 Steel. The experiments show that adhesion is the main wear mechanism, with abrasion as a significant secondary effect. The presence of TiB₂ particles in combination with the ageing treatment contribute to the reduction of both friction coefficient and wear when compared with the same aluminum alloy without ceramic particles. The results are explained as a function of the hardness increase and the tribological compatibility between the alloy and contacting spheres. On a microstructural level, the severe plastic deformation associated to sliding wear is clearly observed. Dissolution of intermetallic particles is complete in the tribolayer and grain refinement is much stronger than what is observed in single-phase alloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"570 ","pages":"Article 205963"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144230692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of aggregate minerals hardness and quartz content on long-term pavement friction and wear: An experimental analysis","authors":"Philippe Cornu ,&nbsp;Malal Kane ,&nbsp;Manuela Gennesseaux ,&nbsp;Christophe Ropert ,&nbsp;Minh-Tan Do ,&nbsp;Myriam Duc","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the factors influencing the long-term friction performance of pavement aggregates, focusing on the roles of Average Hardness (AH), Contrast Hardness (CH), and the selection of minerals in the Aggregate Hardness Parameter (AHP). Through experimental analysis, we explored how the mineralogical composition of aggregates, particularly the presence of quartz, affects their friction retention under traffic-induced polishing. Our findings show that while AH provides useful insights, it does not fully predict long-term friction. In contrast, CH, which accounts for differential polishing between hard and soft minerals, plays a crucial role in maintaining surface texture and friction. Aggregates with a well-adjusted mix of hard and soft minerals, especially those with optimal CH at intermediate quartz content levels, exhibited superior friction retention over time. This study highlights the importance of considering both AH and CH, as well as the significance of minerals constituting more than 5 % of the aggregate content, in predicting and enhancing the long-term frictional properties of pavement materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"570 ","pages":"Article 206030"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144230912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A calculation method of gear tooth surface wear considering the center distance error","authors":"Hongbing Wang ,&nbsp;Shicheng Feng ,&nbsp;Lairong Yin ,&nbsp;Bo Hu ,&nbsp;Jie Su ,&nbsp;Huihua Liu ,&nbsp;Changjiang Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In gear transmission, manufacturing/installation error and bearing radial clearance led to the variation of the center distance, changing the contact characteristic and subsequently affecting the wear behavior and the fatigue life of the tooth surfaces. In this work, a center distance error model of the gears with the manufacturing/installation error and the bearing radial clearance was derived, and a nonlinear dynamic model of the gear pair considering the variation of the center distance was established. The contact pressure distribution on the tooth surfaces under the dynamic load was obtained by combining the gear meshing principle and the Hertzian contact theory. A general calculation model of the sliding distance between the contact points in the meshing process of the gear pair was derived based on the single point observation method, and the wear depths of the tooth surfaces under the quasi-static and the dynamic load considering the center distance error were determined based on the Archard's adhesive wear model. The presented work found that the wear depth of the tooth surface under the dynamic load fluctuates around the wear depth distribution under the quasi-static load. When considering the center distance error caused by the manufacturing/installation error and the bearing radial clearance, the maximum wear depth at the tooth tip of the driving gear increases as the actual center distance increases, while the maximum wear depth at the tooth root decreases. As for the driven gear, the maximum wear depth at the tooth tip decreases as the actual center distance increases, while the maximum wear depth at the tooth root increases with the actual center distance. The conclusions in this research work can provide a basis for the strength enhancement design of the gears which performance is affected by the center distance error such small-modulus gear pair.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"570 ","pages":"Article 206006"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144230913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of MXenes (Ti3C2Tx) deposition by drop casting on the fretting wear of structural concrete","authors":"Cristiane Arpino Silva ,&nbsp;Margarete R.F. Gonçalves ,&nbsp;Andreas Rosenkranz ,&nbsp;Gisele Hammes ,&nbsp;Henara Lillian Costa","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206056","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206056","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In civil engineering, concrete is the most widely used material due to the availability of its components. Research on tribology of semi-rigid structural systems is important in civil engineering, as the initially rigid contact between concrete and metallic elements can generate micromovement, resulting in wear due to fretting and possible cracks. Recently, a new family of 2D metal carbide and nitride nanosheets called MXenes has stood out in tribological applications due to their layered structure, which provides self-lubricating and reinforcing properties, but they are costly and difficult to produce in large scale, making their use in civil engineering challenging, despite encouraging results from the literature. To overcome this, the present work proposed surface deposition of MXenes by drop-casting (involving very small amounts of Mxenes) to control fretting wear between concrete and steel. One and five applications were deposited from a dispersion at a concentration of approximately 0.4 mg/mL of MXenes in isopropanol. Fretting tests were carried out on concrete (with and without MXenes deposition) against steel counterbodies for a total stroke of 200 μm under different speeds (0.2 and 2 mm/s) and times (5 and 30 min). The results showed that the friction coefficients obtained in the fretting tests did not present a statistically significant difference when using Mxenes either as a reinforcement in the concrete or deposited by drop casting. The wear rates obtained from the fretting tests demonstrated that, for the lower speed, no significant difference could be confirmed for the modified concretes in either the 5 min or the 30 min tests. On the other hand, in the condition of speed = 2 mm/s and time = 5 min, the wear rate for one application of MXenes by dropcasting was lower than the reference. With a higher speed and 30-min test, a greater effect on the wear rate occurred, which may be the result of tribochemical effects in the contact. It is clear that, in this case, the MXenes nanosheets promoted agglomeration of the debris, partially transferring them to the counterbody; the formed tribolayer probably promoted the smoothing of the surfaces. This was confirmed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and topographic parameters of the surfaces, which showed a smoother surface, especially with 1 application of MXenes. In energy dispersive X-ray (EDS) spectra, samples with 1 and 5 MXenes applications contained small amounts of titanium in the tracks, confirming that the MXenes nanosheets participated of the tribochemical reactions in the contact, contributing to the reduction of wear. These results demonstrate the potential of MXene deposition by drop casting, even in small quantities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"570 ","pages":"Article 206056"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144231026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of a novel sensor to investigate the complicated boundary between biotribology and surface topology and their impact on tactile graphic perception","authors":"Rachel Fast,&nbsp;Christian J. Schwartz","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For persons with blindness or significant visual impairment, access to tactually encoded information is vital for full engagement in society. The use of Braille as a tactile communication system for textual information is ubiquitous and standardized. For graphically intensive information such as charts, diagrams and maps, tactile graphics are often employed which encode visual cues via the use of topological features. In contrast to Braille, there is far less standardization of tactile graphics practices because less work has been done to fully understand the complex interplay of biotribology, surface topology and printing technology, which all impact graphic legibility. Previous work by the authors has shown that friction plays a substantial role in tactile perception in some cases, while – counterintuitively – it does not appear to be the dominant perceptual differentiating mechanism with common texture types used in tactile graphics. In this work, the authors evaluated an evidenced-based hypothesis to explain the perceptive ability of evaluators to properly differentiate among select texture patterns that could not be explained by purely friction or wear-based mechanisms. A specialized analytical contact model was employed to predict the number of texture elements in contact with a sliding fingertip as a means to explain previous findings that the inter-element spacing was crucial to perception. A novel sensor was developed which employed electro-active textural elements printed on paper media to confirm the analytical results. Topologically flat texture analogues were also developed to explore the impact of topology on the number of elements in contact during tactile graphic exploration. This approach enabled the authors to determine the texture parameters where tribological effects began to transition to topological impacts. These findings have application to not only optimal tactile graphic design but also to improving the wear and durability of printed graphics on paper media.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"570 ","pages":"Article 206062"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144231028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wear properties of cemented carbides with new binder solutions for rock drilling inserts","authors":"L. Toller-Nordström ,&nbsp;S. Sten ,&nbsp;M. Kritikos ,&nbsp;S. Norgren ,&nbsp;A. Borgenstam ,&nbsp;I. Borgh","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205909","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205909","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cemented carbides with tungsten carbide grains as hard phase and metallic cobalt binder phase are used extensively for drill bit inserts for rock drilling. The process of rock drilling is severe with some of the wear happening through fracture in the cemented carbide. This work investigated two cemented carbides with iron rich alternative binder phases containing different amounts of FCC phase, intended to minimise the fractures through formation of a BCC phase. The samples are tested next to a reference with cobalt binder and investigations of the as-sintered samples show only very small differences in many of the relevant properties and microstructural features, including hardness, toughness, grain size distribution and binder phase volume fraction. The main difference found is in the amount of FCC in the binder phase microstructure. In a rock turning test it is found that both alternative binder drill bit inserts perform better than the reference with cobalt binder phase, studies of the wear scars show that the wear progresses though fracture of material in all samples with no discernible differences seen. There is however a correlation between volume fraction of FCC in iron-based binders and reduced wear, showing that the concept is promising for further studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"570 ","pages":"Article 205909"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144232583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}