Wear最新文献

{"title":"Niobium as an alternative cladding material for neutron producing targets: Analysis of erosion response","authors":"H.M.L.U. Madhuwanthi ,&nbsp;Y.P. Purandare ,&nbsp;A.P. Ehiasarian ,&nbsp;A. Dey ,&nbsp;L. Jones ,&nbsp;S. Gallimore","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current design of neutron producing spallation targets (TS2) at ISIS constitutes a Tungsten (W) core cladded with a thin Tantalum (Ta) sleeve which facilitates circulation of cooling water. These targets are undergoing premature failure due to erosion-corrosion of the Ta sleeve as one of the primary causes. This has drawn attention towards sourcing alternative cladding materials and Niobium (Nb) is potentially seen as a candidate. However, the aqueous slurry erosion response of Nb is unreported and needs scrutiny. In this work, slurry erosion performance of Nb was studied with the help of an impinging jet erosion-corrosion apparatus. Aims included measuring erosion rate of Nb with respect to abrasive particle concentration, slurry velocity, and slurry impingement angle including determining erosion mechanisms. Results revealed peak erosion rate at a slurry impingement angle of 30°, and for velocities of 6 ms⁻¹ having a particle concentration of 7 wt%. The material removal mechanism involved a dominating ploughing and type-1 micro-cutting action at shallow angles of impact as compared to formation and breakage of platelets due to a ‘plastic deformation-fatigue’ dominated wear mechanism at near normal impact angles. The erosion response of Nb thus could be described as one typically observed for ductile materials. Experiments were also performed to analyse the cavitation erosion resistance of Nb using an ultrasonic vibratory apparatus (sonotrode) in de-ionised water to complement impinging slurry jet studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"580 ","pages":"Article 206291"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144858301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of thermal effects on wear behaviour of TiAlN-coated cemented carbide tools during turning of AISI 1045+N","authors":"Berend Denkena ,&nbsp;Benjamin Bergmann ,&nbsp;Hilke Petersen ,&nbsp;Malte Kraeft ,&nbsp;Norman Mohnfeld ,&nbsp;Vanessa K.J. Weißbrodt ,&nbsp;Sebastian Herbst ,&nbsp;Hans J. Maier","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-performance cutting tools are exposed to high temperatures during use. Understanding the thermal influence on the coating and substrate properties is therefore key to predict the tool performance of PVD-coated tools. In machining tests, thermal and mechanical loads cannot be separated from each other. To investigate the influence of thermal load separately, the tools in this study, TiAlN-coated cemented carbides, were initially only subjected to thermal load. Its influence on the coating and substrate properties was then analysed. To understand the effect on cutting behaviour, both thermally loaded and reference tools were used in machining tests and their wear behaviour was analysed.</div><div>With this approach, the effect of the thermal load itself on the coating and substrate properties could be isolated. On key finding is that the residual compressive stresses in the TiAlN coating were reduced. In addition, the cobalt concentration at the interface of the substrate was reduced as well. In wear investigation these pre-tempered tools featured an average 24 % reduced tool life compared to the reference tools.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"580 ","pages":"Article 206289"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144867226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wear properties of CP-Ti after surface functionalization with Direct Laser Interference Patterning","authors":"Donata Kuczyńska-Zemła ,&nbsp;Jarosław Pura ,&nbsp;Roman Ostrowski ,&nbsp;Halina Garbacz","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, the tribological properties of pure titanium functionalized using Direct Laser Interference Patterning (DLIP) with two types of patterns (grooves and grid) have been evaluated with comparison to the initial state (shot-peened+acid-etched). Tribological tests were carried out in Hank’s solution at 37 °C, using the pin-on-plate method. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of surface patterns on wear behavior. Samples with more uniform surface topography — initial state and DLIP grid — exhibit similar wear behavior. Both the Initial state and the DLIP grid, for all examined samples, displayed smooth wear curves, whereas the DLIP grooves showed stepped wear processes, for both investigated directions. The anisotropic surface topography of DLIP grooves significantly affects the sedimentation and deposition of wear residues. The progressive accumulation of the wear products in the contact zone causes a decrease in the displacement curve of the pin/plate couple. After reaching the critical thickness, wear residues detached, leading to a sudden jump in the displacement curve of several micrometers in height. Despite DLIP functionalization, the wear behavior remained strongly influenced by the crater topography formed during shot peening before laser functionalization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"580 ","pages":"Article 206284"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144867227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of laminar plasma jet surface hardening on the abrasive wear and erosion behavior of 42CrMo steel","authors":"Da Guo ,&nbsp;Jianan Li ,&nbsp;Dingming Wang ,&nbsp;Yiwei Zhang ,&nbsp;Xin Fang ,&nbsp;Guannan Ma ,&nbsp;Heping Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To encounter the challenging service conditions in mining and oil and gas exploration, Laminar plasma jet (LPJ) surface hardening was applied to enhance the abrasive wear and erosion resistance of 42CrMo steel. Tribological performance was evaluated using ball-on-disc tests with SiO₂ particles at the friction interface, while erosion resistance was tested under slurry immersion conditions. Surface morphological features and elemental composition were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) to investigate the associated wear and erosion mechanisms. LPJ surface hardening produces a hardened layer composed of lath martensite, increasing the surface hardness to 1.89 times that of the untreated steel. As a result, the wear rate is reduced to 0.79 times that of the untreated sample, due to a shift in the wear mechanism in the ball-plane direct contact zone from an aggressive ploughing mechanism characteristic in two-body abrasive wear to a mild adhesive wear-dominated mechanism, potentially accompanied by localized oxidative wear. Additionally, erosion resistance is significantly improved due to the martensitic transformation of the surface microstructure, which offers higher yield strength and deformation resistance. This transformation alters the erosion mechanism from intense ductile erosion, which is characterized by extrusion and forging mechanism and ploughing mechanism, to a relatively mild brittle erosion, dominated by deformation mechanism and microcutting mode Ⅰ.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"580 ","pages":"Article 206287"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144827428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cavitation erosion behavior of high-performance fiber-reinforced cementitious composites","authors":"Lianghui Li ,&nbsp;Bixiong Li ,&nbsp;Site Mo ,&nbsp;Qingshun Nong ,&nbsp;Zhiwen Wang ,&nbsp;Zhibo Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cavitation erosion poses a significant challenge in the durability design of spillway lining concrete. With the advent of low-carbon, high-performance cementitious composites, traditional concrete is increasingly being replaced by high-performance fiber-reinforced cementitious composites (HPFRCC). However, the cavitation erosion performance of these novel materials remains largely unexplored. This study systematically investigates the cavitation erosion behavior of HPFRCC and high-strength mortar through ultrasonic cavitation erosion tests. HPFRCC is reinforced with steel fibers and comprises a quaternary cementitious matrix that includes three types of solid waste materials along with titanium slag sand. The findings demonstrate that HPFRCC exhibits lower volume/mass loss, reduced loss rates, smaller fractal dimensions, and a slower rate of erosion depth development compared to mortar. Furthermore, the presence of steel fibers and the enhanced strength of the matrix result in a distinct cavitation erosion evolution process in HPFRCC relative to mortar. The incorporation of steel fibers effectively slows the rate of erosion depth development, while the fiber-matrix interface performance and fiber orientation significantly influence the efficacy of the steel fibers. Additionally, a positive correlation exists between the compressive strength of both HPFRCC and mortar and their resistance to cavitation erosion. However, when the compressive strength exceeds 140 MPa, the effect of compressive strength on the cavitation erosion resistance of cement-based composites diminishes significantly. The findings reveal the superior cavitation erosion resistance of HPFRCC, providing practical insights for the further application of novel cementitious materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"580 ","pages":"Article 206282"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144779730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-temperature tribological behavior of high-speed train braking interfaces: A comparison of fixed and floating friction block joint structures","authors":"Shaohao Deng ,&nbsp;Guixiong Xie ,&nbsp;Hao Wang ,&nbsp;Zaiyu Xiang ,&nbsp;Bin Tang ,&nbsp;Xiaocui Wang ,&nbsp;Deqiang He","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206283","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;In emergency braking and prolonged braking on long downhill slopes, the brake interface of high-speed trains experiences complex high-temperature tribological behaviors (HTTB), which pose a severe challenge to the braking safety of these trains. Therefore, one of the most important considerations in the design of brake pads for trains is enhancing the braking interface's HTTB. At the moment, one of the most efficient ways to control the tribological behavior is through the design of the friction block's joint structure on the brake pad backplate. It is yet unclear, nevertheless, how this joint affects the brake interface's HTTB. To address this, this work conducted high-speed drag braking simulation experiments on a self-developed brake performance experimenting device for trains. The purpose of these studies was to explore the effects of the friction block's fixed and floating joint structures on the HTTB of the braking interface in trains. This work developed a high-temperature wear simulation method for friction blocks using the finite element software ABAQUS and its subroutines Umeshmotion and Dflux to simulate high-temperature wear of friction blocks. Combining finite element simulation and experimental data, the mechanism by which the friction block connection structure affects the high-temperature tribological behavior at the train braking interface was analyzed. The results show that the friction block connection structure significantly influences the frictional heat characteristics of the interface. The floating connection structure exhibits a higher temperature rise rate and peak temperature, which is 0.3 % higher than that of the fixed connection structure. Additionally, the friction block connection structure has an important effect on the friction and wear characteristics of the braking interface. The floating connection structure reduces eccentric wear of the friction blocks, with eccentric wear (EW) 12.8 % lower than that of the fixed connection structure. Furthermore, the wear rate of friction blocks with the floating connection structure is smaller, being 11.9 % lower than that of the fixed connection structure. Under the floating connection mode, the worn surface contact area is smaller; the total contact platform area is 32.9 % less than that of the fixed connection structure, with almost no accumulation of wear debris, and the third-body layer (TBL) formed by compacted debris is reduced. In terms of friction-induced vibration and noise (FIVN), the floating connection structure shows a distinct ‘thermal-vibration effect’ in the early braking stage, but after stable contact is established, FIVN characteristics are significantly improved, with noise reduced by 23.8 % and vibration reduced by 6.9 %. Overall, the high-temperature tribological behavior (HTTB) at the high-speed train braking interface is significantly affected by the friction block connection structure. Compared with the fixed connection structure, the floa","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"580 ","pages":"Article 206283"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144757308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing tribological properties via double-pass friction stir processing of novel Mg-Y-Nd-Zr/Ti/Al/Sn metal matrix composite","authors":"Annayath Maqbool ,&nbsp;Nadeem Fayaz Lone ,&nbsp;Noor Zaman Khan ,&nbsp;Arshad Noor Siddiquee ,&nbsp;Daolun Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This comparative study investigates the effect of single-pass and double-pass friction stir processing on the tribological behaviour of Mg-Y-Nd-Zr based composite. A hybrid mixture of titanium, aluminium and tin powders in an equal atomic ratio was used as the reinforcement. A Si₃N₄ counter-body ball was used as the sliding material in the wear tests. The microstructural features evolved during single-pass FSP and double-pass FSP were analyzed and correlated with the tribological properties. Double-pass FSP led to a more homogenous distribution of reinforcement particles, particularly the uniform dispersion of Al/Ti particles, resulting in a substantial improvement in the wear resistance of the developed composite. Under dry sliding conditions, the coefficient of friction (COF) decreased by around 12.8 % and 10.5 % at applied loads of 15 N and 20 N, respectively, displaying notably better tribological characteristics compared to the base alloy. The average COF decreased from 0.145 (Mg-Y-Nd- Zr base alloy) to 0.126 in the double-pass friction stir processed (D-FSPed) composite. FESEM revealed that abrasive wear and delamination were the dominant mechanisms across all samples. Under lubricated conditions, all specimens exhibited significantly lower wear rate and COF values. Similar to dry sliding test, the D-FSPed specimen exhibited the lowest wear rate and COF, attributed to its refined microstructure and enhanced particle dispersion. The abrasive wear is corroborated by the material transfer from the developed composite on the surface of Si₃N₄ counter-body ball. The higher hardness and highly textured microstructure are the major contributors for the enhancement in wear resistance. This study demonstrates the potential of FSP in enhancing the wear performance and improving the service life of as-cast Mg alloys by developing metamaterial composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"580 ","pages":"Article 206281"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144749468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic sliding wear analysis of the needle roller bearings in RV reducer considering thermal influence","authors":"Weiming Liu ,&nbsp;Lixin Xu ,&nbsp;Jianwei Geng ,&nbsp;Yi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206279","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206279","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rotate vector (RV) reducer often experiences failure due to excessive wear of the needle roller bearings (NRBs) during operation. To investigate the dynamic wear characteristics of the NRBs in RV reducers, a contact multibody dynamics approach is employed to obtain the forces and motion conditions of the NRBs, along with calculations of heat flux and convective heat transfer coefficient (CHTC). The steady-state temperature of NRBs within the RV reducer is numerically investigated through finite element analysis (FEA). A dynamic contact force model of the RV reducer's NRBs incorporates coupled thermo-mechanical effects at the temperature, enabling accurate prediction of bearing contact forces under thermal deformation. Archard's wear model incorporates thermal deformation effects to enable accurate wear prediction in RV reducer NRBs under thermo-mechanical operating conditions to validate the accuracy of this method, a long-term fatigue wear test is conducted on the RV reducer. After the reducer has been operated for an extended period and is disassembled, the wear depth distribution of the inner and outer raceways of the NRBs is inspected, thereby confirming the validity of the proposed method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"580 ","pages":"Article 206279"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144757306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controlled synthesis of CeO2 nanoparticles and their tribological effects on micro-pitting and sliding wear","authors":"Xin Xing ,&nbsp;Kun Han ,&nbsp;Xu Zhou ,&nbsp;Congcong Shi ,&nbsp;Yujuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Shengmao Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenjing Lou ,&nbsp;Wenbin Kan","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, the good disperse and particle size adjustability of cerium oxide (CeO₂) nanoparticles were achieved by solvothermal secondary growth method. The micro-pitting resistance of three CeO₂ nanoparticles (1.85 nm, 2.85 nm, 4.22 nm) in polyalphaolefin (PAO) and gear oil was evaluated by reciprocating step loading method. The results showed that micro-pitting corrosion occurred in base oil lubrication from low load to high load (150 N–350 N). After adding CeO₂ nanoparticles, at low load (150 N), 2.85 nm and 4.22 nm CeO₂ nanoparticles formed a discontinuous CeO₂ tribofilm through shear sintering to reduce the surface shear force and produce significant anti-wear effect. The 1.85 nm CeO₂ has a friction-reducing and anti-wear effect through direct contact with isolated friction pairs. The formation of micro-pitting corrosion is inhibited by the three particle sizes, and the anti-wear performance decreases with the increase of particle size. Under the condition of high load (350 N), the discontinuous single CeO₂ tribofilm spillage due to its limited load capacity, which leads to increased wear and inhibits the formation of micro-pitting. Under the condition of high load (550 N), the formula oil has a micro-pitting phenomenon. After adding CeO₂ nanoparticles, a composite tribofilm containing cerium phosphate and CeO₂ is formed through tribochemical reaction with phosphorous additives, which greatly improves the bearing capacity and anti-wear ability of the tribofilm. Even under the condition of 550 N high load, the three particle sizes of CeO₂ nanoparticles have significant anti-wear effect and low friction properties, and all inhibit the formation of micro-pitting corrosion, among which 2.85 nm particle size of CeO₂ has the best anti-wear ability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"580 ","pages":"Article 206278"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144867181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of steam-rich environments on the tribological performance of Cr2O3 coatings at high temperatures","authors":"Matheus S. Pinto ,&nbsp;Andre R. Mayer ,&nbsp;Christian Moreau ,&nbsp;Pantcho Stoyanov","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the tribological performance of a chromium oxide (Cr₂O₃) coating sliding against Inconel 718 at room temperature and at 450 °C, both without steam and in a steam-rich environment. A custom setup was used to generate and apply superheated steam at 200 °C during reciprocating ball-on-flat sliding tests. Surface analyses were carried out using 3D laser microscopy, SEM, and Raman spectroscopy. The Cr₂O₃ coating showed high wear resistance under all test conditions, and only the Inconel 718 counterballs exhibited measurable wear. Under conditions without steam, increasing the temperature led to lower friction and wear, which is associated with the formation of an oxide-based layer formed from counterball debris. When steam was present, the effect depended on the temperature. At room temperature, steam condensed on the surface, reducing contact between the materials and contributing to lower friction and wear. At 450 °C, the steam did not condense and interfered with the formation of a uniform oxide-based layer. This resulted in higher friction and localized wear in exposed regions of the interface. These findings support the potential of Cr₂O₃ coatings for use in harsh environments, such as hydrogen-fueled gas turbines, where both high temperature and steam exposure are present.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"580 ","pages":"Article 206277"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144757228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}