{"title":"Effects of hydrogen on the fretting wear behavior of laser cladded FeCoCrNiMo0.2 high entropy alloy coating","authors":"Junjun Jin , Zhiyi Zhang , Bing Chen , Xiangyang Wu , Feifei Qiu , Zhenghong Fu , Wenjing Chen , Guoqing Gou","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2024.205587","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2024.205587","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates laser-cladded high entropy alloy (HEA) coatings on high-speed train axles to enhance wear resistance under specific fretting conditions. Axles in humid and acidic environments absorb hydrogen, leading to accumulation in grain boundaries, which weakens their structure and causes damage under alternating stress. Despite this, the impact of hydrogen damage on the fretting wear behavior of HEA coatings has not been explored. To address this, we performed fretting wear tests on a laser-cladded FeCoCrNiMo<sub>0.2</sub> coating and a GCr15 steel ball friction system, evaluating their performance before and after hydrogen exposure. The results of the study indicate that under a constant load of F<sub>n</sub> = 10N and a displacement amplitude of D = 50 μm, the friction coefficient, maximum wear depth, wear volume, and wear rate increased when the system was in the hydrogen charging state compared to the non-hydrogen charging state. Specifically, the friction coefficient increased from 0.60 to 0.93, the maximum wear depth increased from 2.82 μm to 3.63 μm, the wear volume increased from 14.106 × 10<sup>4</sup>μm<sup>3</sup> to 22.098 × 10<sup>4</sup>μm<sup>3</sup>, and the wear rate increased from 28.213 × 10<sup>−6</sup> mm/Nm to 36.600 × 10<sup>−6</sup> mm/Nm. Under the hydrogen charging state, the friction coefficient, maximum wear depth, wear volume, and wear rate all increased. This is due to hydrogen damage, including the formation of pitting pits and cracks on the surface of the coating, stress concentration, and brittle failure caused by hydrogen infiltration into the material. The presence of hydrogen makes the surface of the coating more prone to detachment, resulting in finer wear debris, deeper grooves, and increased oxidation. These factors accelerate the wear of the coating. This finding will contribute to the development and improvement of advanced surface modification techniques for materials in the hydrogen environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"560 ","pages":"Article 205587"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142445556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
WearPub Date : 2024-09-30DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2024.205585
Ester Villanueva , Iban Vicario , Joseba Albizuri , Gurutze Arruebarrena , Teresa Guraya
{"title":"Wear properties of a new Al80Mg10Si5Cu5 multicomponent alloy","authors":"Ester Villanueva , Iban Vicario , Joseba Albizuri , Gurutze Arruebarrena , Teresa Guraya","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2024.205585","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2024.205585","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study investigates the tribological properties of a newly developed multicomponent aluminium weight-light multicomponent alloy for wear based on the Al80Mg10Si5Cu5 system for lightweight automotive applications, especially back drum discs. The samples were manufactured by High-Pressure Die Casting (HPDC) employing cast alloy returns and secondary aluminium ingots and were tested at room temperature (RT) and 200 °C. It has been observed that the Al80Mg10Si5Cu5 alloy offers a higher hardness and wear resistance at RT and especially at 200 °C compared with the AlSi9Cu3 reference alloy (x10 times reduction in wear rate). The impact of maintaining the external surface layer (skin) of HPDC cast parts has been studied for the ball-on disc test, showing improved tribological properties and the possibility of avoiding the machining of contact surfaces. The as-cast Al80Mg10Si5Cu alloy with the surface layer showed a wear rate coefficient of 5 × 10<sup>−4</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>/N.m<sup>2</sup> at RT, a 50 % lower than that of the sample without skin. Solution heat-treated samples (72 h at 440 °C, water quenching at 75 °C, and natural aging) with the surface layer showed a wear rate coefficient of 11 × 10<sup>−4</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>/N.m<sup>2</sup>, approximately 20 % lower than the sample without a surface layer. The wear rate of AlSi9Cu3 alloy decreased by more than 50 % in the samples without skin at RT. At 200 °C, wear rate coefficients were lower in the samples with the surface layer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"558 ","pages":"Article 205585"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
WearPub Date : 2024-09-30DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2024.205586
Xibo Shao , Haoyi Xu , Minghui Lang , Xueqi Gu , Jianxi Liu , Xianzong Wang , Long Wang , Jun Yang
{"title":"Dependence of high temperature tribological performance of MoS2-based composites on type of oxides","authors":"Xibo Shao , Haoyi Xu , Minghui Lang , Xueqi Gu , Jianxi Liu , Xianzong Wang , Long Wang , Jun Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2024.205586","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2024.205586","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a solid lubricating material with excellent anti-friction and anti-wear performance, MoS<sub>2</sub> is prone to oxidation in high temperature and atmospheric environment, which leads to the deterioration of lubricating performance and the decrease of service life. The addition of nano-particle oxides can improve the high-temperature lubricating performance of MoS<sub>2</sub>-based solid lubricating materials to some extent, but the effects of different nanoparticles oxides under the same test condition is still unclear. The effects of nano-particles oxides (TiO<sub>2</sub>, Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and ZrO<sub>2</sub>) on the tribological performance of MoS<sub>2</sub>-based composites at 450 °C were compared. It was shown that MoS<sub>2</sub>-TiO<sub>2</sub> exhibited the best high temperature tribological properties, and its average friction coefficient was about 0.26, which was about 26 % and 10 % lower than that of 718 substrate and MoS<sub>2</sub>, respectively. Here we attempted to propose a new concept of correlative potential to explain the lubricating difference of binary oxides under high temperature. The good tribological performance of MoS<sub>2</sub>-TiO<sub>2</sub> at high temperature was attributed to the low correlative potential of TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles and the dense tribo-oxide layer formed at the friction interface that reduce the shearing of the rubbing interface. The research results can provide reference for the selection and design of MoS<sub>2</sub>-based composites, and also enrich the theory of high temperature tribology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"558 ","pages":"Article 205586"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
WearPub Date : 2024-09-29DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2024.205581
Yanjiang Wang , Zhi Jia , Jinjin Ji , Wenjie Lu , Dexue Liu
{"title":"Tribo-oxidation mechanism of gradient nanostructured Inconel 625 alloy during high-temperature wear","authors":"Yanjiang Wang , Zhi Jia , Jinjin Ji , Wenjie Lu , Dexue Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2024.205581","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2024.205581","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The tribo-oxidation layer is typically formed at the contact interface of high temperature wear, which exhibits a significant effect on the friction behavior of gradient nanostructured (GNS) materials. This study systematically investigated the wear resistance, near-surface microstructure, and compositional changes of ultra-thick GNS Inconel 625 alloy subjected to surface mechanical rolling treatment (SMRT) under high-temperature sliding wear conditions. The experimental results indicated that as the temperature increased to 500 °C, a tribo-oxidation layer was formed on the surface of the GNS sample, thereby resulting in an abnormal increase in the coefficient of friction (COF) and a rapid decrease in the wear rate. The gradient nanostructures facilitated oxidation diffusion channels, promoting the formation of a protective Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> film and spinel oxides, reducing the wear rate. At lower temperatures, a rapidly formed Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> film shielded the matrix, forming a tribo-oxidation layer composed of Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and nickel. At 800 °C, the tribo-oxidation layer exhibited complex structures, including glaze, spinel oxide, Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, and Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/Ni mixed layers. This complexity was attributable to the oxidation diffusion rate of the gradient nanostructures and tribo-oxide layers. The findings not only elucidated the tribo-oxidation mechanism of GNS nickel-based superalloys but also offered valuable insights for designing wear-resistant materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"558 ","pages":"Article 205581"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142357538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
WearPub Date : 2024-09-27DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2024.205582
E. Irazu, U. Alonso, B. Izquierdo, L. Godino
{"title":"Grinding of C/SiC ceramic matrix composites: Influence of grinding parameters on tool wear","authors":"E. Irazu, U. Alonso, B. Izquierdo, L. Godino","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2024.205582","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2024.205582","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>C/SiC Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMCs) have been identified as a key material for improving high-speed braking systems and aerospace components as they offer low density, and high specific strength at high temperatures. Grinding is often used for the machining stage due to the high hardness, heterogeneity, and brittle nature of CMSs. Previous studies have explored the effect of grinding parameters, but most of them do not indicate whether they have used the same grinding wheel for all tests. In fact, there is limited understanding of how wear impacts process performance over the grinding wheel's lifespan. In this work, the effect of grinding wheel wear on cutting forces is addressed and grinding wheel topography is analyzed with the objective of identifying a parameter that allows to quantify grinding wheel wear in a non-destructive way. Results have shown that, after a short conditioning stage, cutting forces increase approximately linearly with the machined length. For the machining conditions analyzed, normal forces increase 200 % in the first machined meter (first stage), then rise 17 % per meter thereafter (second stage). Tangential forces rise 300 % in first meter and then climb 27 % per meter subsequently. In this second stage, force ratio approaches a constant value and the generation of flat surfaces on the diamond grains is the dominating wear mechanism. Under such conditions, 3D surface roughness parameters Sa, Sq, Spk and Sku have been proven to be useful for monitoring wheel wear.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"558 ","pages":"Article 205582"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
WearPub Date : 2024-09-26DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2024.205584
Jiayuan Yan , Chunxia Wu , Yongxing Liu , Wangfei Shen , Xiaoliang Zhang , Ping Li , Guangshuo Wang , Zehu Wang , Hongwei Che , Yanming Wang
{"title":"Synergetic enhancement of wear resistance of polyimide coatings through the integration of MoS2 nanoflowers and MXene nanosheets","authors":"Jiayuan Yan , Chunxia Wu , Yongxing Liu , Wangfei Shen , Xiaoliang Zhang , Ping Li , Guangshuo Wang , Zehu Wang , Hongwei Che , Yanming Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2024.205584","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2024.205584","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Composite nano-lubricating fillers have attracted much attention due to their excellent synergistic effect. In this study, MoS<sub>2</sub> nanoflowers composed of two-dimensional nanosheets were synthesized by precise control of hydrothermal conditions. Using the \"bridging\" effect of dopamine, the flower-like MoS<sub>2</sub> was assembled with MXene to form a unique compound filler. This distinctive structure perfectly retained the shape of the MoS<sub>2</sub> flower. The impacts of compound fillers on the thermodynamic, mechanistic, and frictional properties of polyimide (PI) coatings were scrutinized. The formation of the compound fillers between MXene and MoS<sub>2</sub> effectively improve the interface compatibility of individual materials in the PI matrix. The compound fillers can enhance the thermodynamic stability and mechanical properties of PI. It is noteworthy that the frictional coefficient of the PI/(MoS<sub>2</sub>:MXene = 4:6) compound coating decreased by 47.2 %, and the attrition rate reduced by 98.5 % compared to the pure PI coating. The compound lubricating filler prepared by the combination of two types of two-dimensional lubrication fillers has an important application prospect in the field of wear resistance of polymer materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"558 ","pages":"Article 205584"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142357536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
WearPub Date : 2024-09-21DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2024.205580
Yanjie Du, Yuwen Sun
{"title":"Mechanism analysis and prediction of bull-nose cutter wear in multi-axis milling of Ti6Al4V with TiAlN coated inserts","authors":"Yanjie Du, Yuwen Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2024.205580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2024.205580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cutter wear is an unavoidable issue during the milling of difficult-to-machine materials such as Ti6Al4V, which severely affects cutting performance and surface quality. Especially in multi-axis milling, the complex and irregular contact area between cutter and workpiece increases the difficulty of wear prediction. This paper proposes a flank wear prediction model of bull-nose cutter in the multi-axis milling process of Ti6Al4V with TiAlN coated inserts. The cutter workpiece engagement (CWE) zone is analyzed and the wear contact length of cutting edge is obtained, which reveals the uneven distribution characteristics of flank wear. After that, by analyzing the geometric profile properties of cutter wear in multi-axis milling, abrasive and adhesive wear, a flank wear prediction model that takes coating hardness and cutting temperature model into account is established. The proposed model is calibrated and validated by the multi-axis milling experiment of Ti6Al4V with TiAlN coated inserts. The results show that the novel wear model has high accuracy with an average percentage error of 12.76 % and can accurately and quickly predict flank wear in multi-axis milling of Ti6Al4V. Finally, the cutter wear mechanism and chip formation are analyzed, which show that the main wear mechanism is abrasive wear and adhesive wear, and there was no obvious oxidation wear.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"558 ","pages":"Article 205580"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142314555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
WearPub Date : 2024-09-21DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2024.205540
Yuan Wang , Panpan Tian , Hao Cao , Yanan Li , Xin Zhao , Sheng Han , Chenchen Wang
{"title":"Improved corrosion resistance and tribological properties of MXene/NCDs coatings on the Ti6Al4V alloys","authors":"Yuan Wang , Panpan Tian , Hao Cao , Yanan Li , Xin Zhao , Sheng Han , Chenchen Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2024.205540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2024.205540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The poor tribological performances of titanium alloy as bone implants has important influence on its implantation failure. In this investigation, nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (NCDs) modified MXene (MXene/NCDs) composite coatings with “dual-action” effects were meticulously fabricated on the Ti6Al4V surface through grafting silane coupling agent and dopamine adhesion layers via chemical self-assembly techniques. The friction coefficient and wear rate of MXene/NCDs coated titanium alloy in SBF lubricant significantly decreased by 31.7 %and 91.6 %, might due to the double effect of MXene sheet slipping and NCDs rolling. Furthermore, the enhanced anticorrosion properties of MXene/NCDs coating were attributed to the ionic reaction between the surface of coating and SBF, effective shielding mechanism against the infiltration of active ions within the solution, indicated that the coating is expected to be applied in artificial joint system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"558 ","pages":"Article 205540"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142314554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
WearPub Date : 2024-09-20DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2024.205579
Matheus de Souza Rodrigues, Guilherme Guerra de Souza, Anthony Gaspar Talon, Fernando Sabino Fonteque Ribeiro, Luiz Eduardo de Angelo Sanchez, Eduardo Carlos Bianchi, José Claudio Lopes
{"title":"Evaluating the impact of corrosion inhibitors on grinding process efficiency","authors":"Matheus de Souza Rodrigues, Guilherme Guerra de Souza, Anthony Gaspar Talon, Fernando Sabino Fonteque Ribeiro, Luiz Eduardo de Angelo Sanchez, Eduardo Carlos Bianchi, José Claudio Lopes","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2024.205579","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2024.205579","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The grinding process is widely used in industry because it provides surface finishing, dimensional, and geometric precision. However, the conventional flood lubricooling method harms operator health and the environment. As a result, alternative methods with minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) have emerged. While these methods show promise, they lack auxiliary systems like wheel cleaning jet (WCJ) and cooled wheel cleaning jet (CWCJ). Thus, this study aims to enhance alternative methods by analyzing the grinding of hardened AISI 4340 steel using four lubricooling fluids: Base fluid, Volatile Corrosion Inhibitor (VCI), VCI Low Cost (VCI LC), and VCI Extreme Pressure (VCI EP). Collected parameters include surface roughness, roundness error, wheel wear, grinding power, pollution, and cost. A profilometer analyzed the machined surfaces and grinding wheel. Results show corrosion inhibitors can improve workpiece quality but exhibit divergent outcomes across different parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"558 ","pages":"Article 205579"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142312756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
WearPub Date : 2024-09-19DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2024.205569
Congcong Fang , Yi Ding , Hongkai Yan , Jun Chen , Wei Zhou , Xianghui Meng
{"title":"Prediction and analysis of wheel flange wear on small curved track considering wheel-rail conformal and lubricated contact","authors":"Congcong Fang , Yi Ding , Hongkai Yan , Jun Chen , Wei Zhou , Xianghui Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2024.205569","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2024.205569","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Wheel flange wear on curved tracks is a significant issue that poses a threat to the safety of rail vehicles and leads to increased maintenance costs for railway operators. This study aims to develop a numerical model to predict wheel flange wear on small radius curves. The model integrates an efficient wheel-rail conformal contact model with laboratory-tested wear coefficients. By using virtual penetration and influence coefficients for conformal geometries, the model accurately simulates the conformal contact between the wheel flange and the rail gauge corner. The validity of the wheel flange wear prediction model is confirmed through field tracking testing. Using the proposed model, the effects of track layout parameters and solid lubricants on wheel flange wear are investigated. This study provides theoretical guidance for the operation and maintenance of the wheel-rail system to reduce wear.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"558 ","pages":"Article 205569"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142274162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}