Wear最新文献_第9页

The influence of plasma nitriding on the resistance of X20Cr13 steel to cavitation erosion

IF 5.3 1区工程技术

Wear Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.205757

A.K. Krella , J. Ratajski

{"title":"The influence of plasma nitriding on the resistance of X20Cr13 steel to cavitation erosion","authors":"A.K. Krella , J. Ratajski","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205757","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205757","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effect of plasma nitriding on the cavitation erosion resistance of X20Cr13 steel was studied. Nitriding was performed using the active screen plasma nitriding method at a temperature of 400 °C, with a gas mixture of 60 % N₂ and 40 % H₂, and nitriding durations of 5 and 10 h. The nitriding time influenced the thickness of the nitrided layer, which measured 26 μm and 39 μm, respectively. X-ray diffraction revealed the presence of γ′-Fe<sub>4</sub>N and ε-Fe<sub>2-3</sub>N phases in the surface zone of the nitrided layer. The maximum hardness of the nitrided layer was similar for both durations (1352 HV for 5 h and 1362 HV for 10 h), more than tripling the hardness of the untreated steel (420 ± 6 HV), and was located 15 μm below the surface, irrespective of nitriding time. Cavitation erosion tests conducted in a cavitation tunnel showed that, despite the increase in surface hardness, nitriding reduced cavitation erosion resistance. A thicker nitrided layer resulted in lower resistance to cavitation erosion, primarily due to brittle fracture in the nitrided steel, with cracks propagating along cleavage planes. In contrast, the non-nitrided X20Cr13 steel exhibited ductile fracture behaviour. Roughness parameters of the surface profiles were similar for both nitriding durations, regardless of the erosion rate or testing time, indicating a consistent degradation mode, which differed from the untreated steel's degradation behaviour. Testing time had more impact on the size of the eroded area than mass loss.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"564 ","pages":"Article 205757"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tribological performance of borided tool steel with minimum bio-lubrication for sheet metal forming applications

IF 5.3 1区工程技术

Wear Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.205748

C.D. Reséndiz-Calderón , O. Soriano-Vargas , J.A. Cao-Romero-Gallegos , I. Campos-Silva , L.I. Farfan-Cabrera

{"title":"Tribological performance of borided tool steel with minimum bio-lubrication for sheet metal forming applications","authors":"C.D. Reséndiz-Calderón , O. Soriano-Vargas , J.A. Cao-Romero-Gallegos , I. Campos-Silva , L.I. Farfan-Cabrera","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205748","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205748","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>AISI D2 steel is widely used in manufacturing dies for sheet forming operations, where lubricants are essential to prevent wear. With a growing focus on reducing the environmental impact of manufacturing, there is increasing interest in exploring alternative lubrication methods to minimize the environmental footprint. This study examines the tribological performance of borided AISI D2 tool steel lubricated with a minimal quantity of biodegradable oil. Pin-on-disk tests were conducted to evaluate the tribological performance of borided and unborided AISI D2 tool steel under lubricated conditions using a mineral base oil and Jatropha oil. Cylindrical pins of AA 6061 T6 aluminum alloy and AISI 304 stainless steel were used as counterparts. Surface damage analyses were performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and optical profilometry. The results indicate that the boriding treatment reduced the mass loss of stainless steel pins by 18 % and aluminum pins by 30 % when lubricated with neat mineral oil. Furthermore, the biolubricant significantly lowered the coefficient of friction (CoF) between aluminum and borided AISI D2 steel, while reducing the mass loss of stainless steel and aluminum by 50 % and 70 %, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"566 ","pages":"Article 205748"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143140706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Co-Cr3C2 coating incorporating grain refinement and dislocation density gradient to enhance wear resistance of 24CrNiMo steel

IF 5.3 1区工程技术

Wear Pub Date : 2025-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.205752

Haobing Hu , Gongbin Tang , Zhitao Cheng , Yiting Pan , Zongbi Huang , Wenfeng Ding , Zhongwei Liang

{"title":"Co-Cr3C2 coating incorporating grain refinement and dislocation density gradient to enhance wear resistance of 24CrNiMo steel","authors":"Haobing Hu , Gongbin Tang , Zhitao Cheng , Yiting Pan , Zongbi Huang , Wenfeng Ding , Zhongwei Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205752","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205752","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-speed train brake discs, crucial components of the braking system, predominantly fail due to high-temperature wear that critically affects their performance and lifespan. Here, we introduce a novel method that incorporates ultrasonic shot peening with Co-Cr<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> particles to create a composite modified layer (referred to as UEG) on the surface of 24CrNiMo brake discs. Friction test results show that UEG-treated samples maintain a more stable coefficient of friction and exhibit lower wear rates across a temperature range of 25–600 °C compared to Untreated samples. Particularly at 600 °C, the wear rate of UEG-treated samples is reduced by 72 %. Detailed experiments and analyses have determined that the enhancements in high-temperature stability and wear resistance of UEG-treated samples are due to the presence of grain refinement and a gradient in dislocation density. These findings suggest that UEG treatment holds substantial potential for improving the high-temperature wear resistance of brake discs, providing innovative insights and approaches for their application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"564 ","pages":"Article 205752"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of deposition temperature on the phase transition of Ti, Al, C and related properties of the graphite-like carbon film

IF 5.3 1区工程技术

Wear Pub Date : 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.205747

Ke Li , Yanxia Wu , Yanjie Xu , Shengwang Yu , Jie Gao , Ying Liu

{"title":"Effect of deposition temperature on the phase transition of Ti, Al, C and related properties of the graphite-like carbon film","authors":"Ke Li , Yanxia Wu , Yanjie Xu , Shengwang Yu , Jie Gao , Ying Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205747","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205747","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The graphite-like carbon films contained Ti and Al elements were prepared by magnetron sputtering at different deposition temperatures and the structure, corrosive as well as tribological properties in different environments with ZrO<sub>2</sub> as counterpart balls were investigated. The results revealed that the sp<sup>3</sup>C content in the film first increased and then decreased, the Ti, Al elements in the films changed from TiC nanocrystals to Ti<sub>3</sub>AlC with increasing temperature. Specially, there were totally Ti<sub>3</sub>AlC with an ant-perovskite phase at 350 °C. Consequently, the film contained Ti<sub>3</sub>AlC phase showed better corrosive resistance compared to that contained TiC phase, due to the TiC nanocrystal reduced the migration barrier and penetration energy of Cl ions in the corrosion medium, which accelerated the process of corrosion failure. It was noteworthy that the film prepared at 350 °C showed better corrosion resistance due to its higher sp<sup>3</sup>C content, higher hydrophobicity, higher adhesion strength, lower residual internal stresses, and lower film porosity. All the film exhibited better tribological properties in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution than in air related to the water lubrication. Especially, owing to the synthesis effect of TiC and Ti<sub>3</sub>AlC phase, the film prepared at 300 °C showed better tribological properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"564 ","pages":"Article 205747"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Insight into the self-lubricated performance of Lignum vitae-inspired composites manufactured by filament-winding against the brass ball

IF 5.3 1区工程技术

Wear Pub Date : 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.205749

Qiren Huang , Zhiwei Guo , Zumin Wu , Yicong Yu , Enchi Xue , Chengqing Yuan

{"title":"Insight into the self-lubricated performance of Lignum vitae-inspired composites manufactured by filament-winding against the brass ball","authors":"Qiren Huang , Zhiwei Guo , Zumin Wu , Yicong Yu , Enchi Xue , Chengqing Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205749","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205749","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The self-lubricated performance of Lignum vitae makes it suitable for the construction of water-lubricated bearings, its performance lies in the internal vessel and oil content. Therefore, Lignum vitae's self-lubricated mechanism always inspired the design of novel materials to improve the lubrication capacity under harsh conditions such as heavy load or low speed. In this study, a Lignum vitae-inspired composite was fabricated by filament-winding with different winding angles. The parameters of the composite's internal fiber and lubricant were based on Lignum vitae's vessel characterization. The tribological tests were conducted between the composites and brass, which is the common building material of the propeller shaft of the ship to simulate the friction contact of water-lubricated bearing. After a series of reciprocating-sliding point-contact wear tests under un/water-lubricated conditions, the results showed the filament-winding angle has a significant effect on the tribological performance of the composite. Among these, the winding angle of 55° shows the best capacity of load distribution and advantages in lubrication secretion, resulting in excellent mechanical properties and self-lubricated performance in both lubrication conditions. This study combines the bionic and filament-winding manufacture to reproduce Lignum vitae's self-lubricated performance on the polymer composite, which provides a new reference for water-lubricated bearing material design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"564 ","pages":"Article 205749"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143140746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Do electrification-temperature effects deteriorate ZDDP tribofilms in electric vehicles transmission? Insights into antiwear mechanisms using low-SAPS oils

IF 5.3 1区工程技术

Wear Pub Date : 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.205746

Mohamed Kamal Ahmed Ali , Chaoyang Zhang , Qiangliang Yu , Yuchen Sun , Feng Zhou , Weimin Liu

{"title":"Do electrification-temperature effects deteriorate ZDDP tribofilms in electric vehicles transmission? Insights into antiwear mechanisms using low-SAPS oils","authors":"Mohamed Kamal Ahmed Ali , Chaoyang Zhang , Qiangliang Yu , Yuchen Sun , Feng Zhou , Weimin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205746","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205746","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to provide the answer to the crucial question regarding the combined effects of electrification and temperature on ZDDP tribofilm durability. The current investigation aims to understand the tribofilm formation mechanism on electrified steel surfaces, helping mitigate the adverse effects of current leakage in electric vehicles (EVs) transmission. A low-SAPS oil was formulated using polyalphaolefin oil (PAO6) and 0.5 wt% zinc isopropyl-isooctyl-dithiophosphate (ZDDP, type T204). Additionally, the commercially fully formulated transmission oil for EVs was used as a reference oil to compare. The current-carrying friction tests were conducted under various DC currents (2–8 A) and temperatures (50–200 °C) at 250 N and 10 Hz using an electrified SRV-IV tribometer. The results demonstrated that the electrical contact resistance (ECR) and coefficient of friction (COF) signals were dynamically compatible, indicating the tribofilm behavior. Notably, the antiwear properties of ZDDP oil were enhanced by up to 58 % compared to the reference oil under various currents at 150 °C. The HRTEM results revealed that ZDDP oil produces a thick antiwear tribofilm up to 654.8 nm, while the reference oil forms a thin tribofilm up to 37.1 nm at 8 A and 150 °C. The electrification effects do not deteriorate antiwear ZDDP tribofilms due to their higher formation rate than the scrape-off rate. Accordingly, these findings will help synthesize new organic oil additives (low-SAPS) and open future opportunities for discovering green alternatives to enhance the durability of EVs transmission.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"564 ","pages":"Article 205746"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Epoxidized vegetable lubricant enhanced by ionic liquid

IF 5.3 1区工程技术

Wear Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.205740

María-Dolores Avilés, Paloma Mostaza, María-Dolores Bermúdez, Francisco J. Carrión-Vilches

引用次数: 0

Tribological behavior of polypropylene-based composites reinforced with cherry seed powder under lubrication conditions

IF 5.3 1区工程技术

Wear Pub Date : 2025-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.205745

Z. Sydow , Ł. Wojciechowski , K. Bula , B. Gapiński , T. Runka , M. Wieczorowski

{"title":"Tribological behavior of polypropylene-based composites reinforced with cherry seed powder under lubrication conditions","authors":"Z. Sydow , Ł. Wojciechowski , K. Bula , B. Gapiński , T. Runka , M. Wieczorowski","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205745","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205745","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The article presents the effect of cherry seed powder (CSP) addition to the polypropylene (PP) matrix on tribological properties: coefficient of friction (COF) and wear under lubrication conditions using paraffin and silicone oil. The composites differed in the percentage content of the filler (5, 10, 15 wt%) and the size of CSP particles (<400 μm, 400–630 μm, 630–800 μm). 30-minute friction tests were conducted using the “block-on-ring” system, and the wear mechanisms were identified based on SEM analysis supplemented with topographic analysis. To fully interpret the results, mechanical tests of the obtained composites were also performed and a viscosity-temperature analysis of the oils used was performed. In both the case of paraffin and silicone oil, it was observed that adding CSP to the polymer matrix reduces the COF. Paraffin oil tends to reduce the COF by increasing the percentage of filler (regardless of particle size). In contrast, silicone oil has the lowest COF observed in the case of 5 % wt. and the highest granulation. The dominant wear mechanism in the case of paraffin oil lubrication turned out to be micro-abrasion, while in the case of silicone oil, micro-abrasion and micro-adhesion. Moreover, it seems that the lower dynamic viscosity of silicone oil at lower temperatures favored the destructive effect of crushed filler particles on the composite surfaces in the initial parts of the tests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"564 ","pages":"Article 205745"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143096715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigation of the effect of vertical dynamics on friction induced torsional vibration and rail corrugation

IF 5.3 1区工程技术

Wear Pub Date : 2025-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.205744

Xiaogang Liu, Yi Zhang

{"title":"Investigation of the effect of vertical dynamics on friction induced torsional vibration and rail corrugation","authors":"Xiaogang Liu, Yi Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205744","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205744","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It was found that rail corrugation mainly occurs on the inner rails of curved tracks, and this phenomenon can be explained with the theoretical model of friction induced torsional vibration of wheelsets under the assumption that outer wheel tends to roll steadily while inner wheel tends to slide and trigger friction induced torsional vibration. This assumption, however, has not been verified yet. In this research, a wheel/rail model on a curved track including the nonlinear friction-creepage characteristics is developed. Instantaneous analysis results show that the torsional angular velocity of wheelset varies periodically as the wheelset negotiates curved tracks. The results of modal analysis further indicate that friction induced torsional vibration is generated on inner wheel and that the assumption is reasonable. On the other hand, a test rig can introduce longitudinal creepage is developed. The measurement results show the existence of longitudinal creepage results in corrugations, indicating that friction induced torsional vibration could cause rail corrugation. Furthermore, the simultaneous measurements of torsional angular velocity and vertical force can disclose the correlation between vertical dynamics and friction induced torsional vibration, indicating that vertical dynamics can affect friction induced torsional vibration that may result in rail corrugation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"564 ","pages":"Article 205744"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143141037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of the surface energy of vegetable shells and hard cores on the adhesion and tribological properties of agglomerated bio-based grinding wheels

IF 5.3 1区工程技术

Wear Pub Date : 2025-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.205736

Narcisse Defo , Rodrigue Nicodème Tagne Sikame , William Paul Mejouyo Huisken , Omar Harzallah , Bernard Wenga Ntcheping , Stanislas Tiwa Tido , Augustine Demze Nitidem , Ebenezer Njeugna , Sophie Bistac

引用次数: 0