Wear最新文献

{"title":"Microstructure and wear behavior of (CoCrFeNiMn)1-x/(WC)x composite coatings fabricated by directed energy deposition","authors":"Ziqian Zhang ,&nbsp;Hejia Li ,&nbsp;Chaorun Si ,&nbsp;Shilin Xu ,&nbsp;Junbiao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, (CoCrFeNiMn)_1-x/(WC)_x composite coatings with WC contents of 0, 20, 30, and 40 wt% were fabricated using directed energy deposition to enhance wear resistance and mechanical properties. The coatings exhibited excellent metallurgical bonding with the substrate and strong interfacial adhesion between WC particles and the HEA matrix, with no cracks observed. The incorporation of WC significantly increased the hardness of the coatings, with WC particles being harder than the HEA matrix and reinforcing the matrix's mechanical properties. Wear tests, using Si₃N₄ as the counterface material, demonstrated that wear resistance improved with increasing WC content, as evidenced by smoother wear tracks, reduced wear rates, and lower friction coefficients. The wear mechanism shifted from abrasive wear and oxidation in pure HEA to more stable wear behavior with WC reinforcement. These results suggest that WC-reinforced CoCrFeNiMn high-entropy alloy coatings are promising candidates for high-wear applications in demanding environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"578 ","pages":"Article 206205"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144261441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The cutting performance of coated and uncoated segmented flute routers with tool wear progression in milling multidirectional CFRP composites","authors":"Yanli He ,&nbsp;Yuxiang Fan ,&nbsp;Depan Wang ,&nbsp;Redouane Zitoune ,&nbsp;Jing Luo ,&nbsp;Junde Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) components typically undergo mechanical milling for the dimensional and form accuracy. Tool wear is one of the concerns in milling CFRPs, as the cutting performance and the machinability are significantly affected by the tool wear progression. However, the influence of cutting parameters on tool wear varies across different studies in the literature, with a lack of research on the wear behavior of segmented flute tools considering both tool material and cutting parameters. In this study, both the coated and uncoated segmented flute routers were employed in the milling of CFRPs with various parameters. The cutting performance, including the cutting force, temperature, and machining quality, along with the tool wear progression were analyzed. The results indicate that the effects of cutting speed on tool wear differ among different tools. Although the tool wear both influences and is influenced by the process load, it appears that the impact of tool wear on the process load is more pronounced than the reverse. Tool wear progression shows a strong correlation with the increasing rates of the cutting force, temperature or surface roughness progression, whereas wear behavior cannot be explained simply by the macro magnitudes of the process loads, suggesting the importance of wear mechanisms investigation from a micro-mechanical perspective. By revealing the variation in machinability with tool wear progression, this study may support the optimal selection of cutting tools and parameters for the whole milling process concerning machining efficiency, quality, and tool life.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"578 ","pages":"Article 206199"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144261442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physicochemical and lubricating properties of choline amino acid ionic liquids as neat lubricants for steel-steel contact","authors":"D.K. Kiboi ,&nbsp;J. Yan ,&nbsp;E.C. Dillon ,&nbsp;J.L. Viesca ,&nbsp;M.G. Coleman ,&nbsp;F. Mangolini ,&nbsp;P. Iglesias","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of high-performance and environmentally-compatible lubricants is crucial for minimizing energy losses in mechanical systems and increasing the lifetime of moving mechanical components, thus preserving our environment. While ionic liquids (ILs) have emerged as promising next-generation materials for lubrication purposes owing to their attractive physico-chemical properties, several challenges currently limit their use in engineering applications, including their high cost and corrosivity. Recently, eco-friendly, protic ILs (PILs) have been synthesized and showed great advantages compared to tradition (aprotic) ILs, such as low cost, ease of preparation, and good lubricating properties. Despite these advancements, remarkably little is known about the interrelationship between PIL molecular structure and lubrication mechanisms. In this work, the physico-chemical and lubricating properties of a family of PILs synthesized by using only renewable, biodegradable, and biocompatible products and constituted by the same choline cation and amino-acid anions with different side chains, were investigated. The molecular structures of the choline amino acid-based ionic liquids (AAILs) were confirmed through magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, while their thermal behavior was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. The anti-wear and friction-reducing performance of the choline AAILs when used as neat lubricants was studied as a function of normal load by reciprocating ball-on-flat tribometry using steel-steel contact. Surface analytical measurements (Raman and XPS) performed on the worn steel surfaces confirmed that the excellent lubricating performance of choline AAILs originates from the formation of oxygen- and carbon-rich tribolayers. The formation of these protective layers are influenced by the applied normal load and the molecular structure of the amino acid. The results of this work open the path for the rational design of environmentally-friendly PILs for tribological applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"578 ","pages":"Article 206198"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144308175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revealing the elevated temperature fretting wear behavior of laser cladding graphene/Co-based composite coating","authors":"Mingyuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuanzhe Huang ,&nbsp;Shouren Wang ,&nbsp;Zhen Xiao ,&nbsp;Ben Li ,&nbsp;Cunkuan Zhu ,&nbsp;Jiazheng Du","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, Co-based (Co06) coatings reinforced by graphene (Gr) with 0 %–1.5 % contents were successfully deposited on 316 stainless steel via laser cladding. The influence of the Gr contents on the phase constituent, microstructure, and fretting wear resistance at 285 °C of coatings were systematically investigated. Results confirmed that the microstructure of composite coatings exhibited the γ-Co, Cr₂₃C_6, and Cr₇C₃ structure. With the Gr content increased from 0 % to 1.5 %, the average grain size of the coating gradually decreased and then increased, and the microhardness of the composite coatings was improved from 360.6 HV_0.2 to 516.9 HV_0.2. When the Gr content was 1.0 %, the coating exhibited the minimum average grain size (4.83 μm) and maximum microhardness (144.2 % higher than substrate). Besides, the coefficients of friction of Gr reinforced coatings were lower than that of the substrate, and the fretting wear resistance under 285 °C condition was improved. This can be attributed to the increase in coating hardness and the self-lubricating of Gr. The highest wear resistance was also obtained at 1.0 % Gr content. Thus, an appropriate amount of Gr can effectively enhance the comprehensive properties of the coating. Furthermore, finite element analysis reveals that larger contact pressure and shear stress were produced in the Gr sample compared with the substrate. The wear scar generated during the fretting process released the stress in the contact area, reducing the contact pressure and shear stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"578 ","pages":"Article 206204"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144288764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interfacial bonding and wear resistance of W, Mo, and MoS2 reinforced graphite/copper composites via microwave sintering","authors":"Changhao Zuo ,&nbsp;Lei Xu ,&nbsp;Zhimeng Tang ,&nbsp;Yongfen Sun ,&nbsp;Guo Zheng ,&nbsp;Yishu Zhao ,&nbsp;Bin Hu ,&nbsp;Rui Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206202","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present work, W, Mo, and MoS₂ reinforced graphite/copper composites were prepared using microwave sintering. By focusing on the copper matrix and graphite reinforcement, W and Mo elements were introduced into the copper matrix, while MoS₂ was doped into the graphite. During sintering, carbide pinning phases and Cu-Mo-S transition layers were formed at the graphite/copper interface, enhancing the interfacial bonding between graphite and copper. The effects of sintering time on the microstructure and properties of the composites were investigated, including their tribological performance under varying friction loads and linear speeds. A sintering time of 60 min was observed to lead to composite materials with improved microstructural properties, specifically a higher density of pinning phases and Cu-Mo-S transition layers, as well as a uniform microstructure. Significant improvements were observed in density, hardness, electrical, and thermal conductivity. Under a friction load of 4 N and a sliding speed of 1.7 m/s, the wear rate of the composites was only 4.52 × 10⁻⁸ cm³ N⁻¹ m⁻¹. These findings provide a reference for improving the interface of graphite/copper composites and their application in the field of friction and wear.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"578 ","pages":"Article 206202"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144271396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental quantification of the wear performance of rolls used in industrial rotary straightening of seamless steel tubes","authors":"Josef Domitner ,&nbsp;Patrick Schneeberger ,&nbsp;Zahra Silvayeh ,&nbsp;Holger Schnideritsch ,&nbsp;Julia Katharina Engel ,&nbsp;Siegfried Schider ,&nbsp;Jürgen Klarner","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206148","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206148","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gaining detailed information about the wear performance of work rolls used for rotary straightening of seamless steel tubes is of utmost importance for extending the service life and, thus, for reducing costs and maintenance efforts. However, comparing the wear performance of different work rolls after their use in industrial straightening machines is almost impossible, as roll materials, service conditions and production portfolios are usually quite different. Therefore, this experimental study investigates the wear of two roll materials (high-chromium cast iron, HCCI, and modified cast high-speed steel, HSS) under rolling/sliding contact with selected tube steels (grades L80 and Q125) by using a two-roll test rig. The materials were tested at specified constant contact force, temperature and roll slip to simulate the complex conditions of an industrial straightening process. After each of the test runs the weight loss of the test roll was measured using a precision scale, and the volume loss was captured using an optical 3D geometry scanner. Over the rolling distance or rolling time, respectively, a virtually linear weight/volume loss was observed for steady-state wear beyond the initial run-in phase, which enabled calculating the material-specific wear coefficients of HCCI and HSS for the particular testing conditions. Very similar wear coefficients were determined for both materials, as the microstructure (carbides) and thus the bulk hardness of HCCI and of modified HSS were similar. The specific wear coefficients enabled estimating the service life of industrial work rolls as function of the grade and of the dimension of the straightened steel tubes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"578 ","pages":"Article 206148"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation mechanism of transfer film on fretting regime via self-mated and hetero-mated diamond-like carbon films","authors":"Zhaofan Yue ,&nbsp;Xiaoqiang Fan ,&nbsp;Fanya Jin ,&nbsp;YangFang Li ,&nbsp;Hao Li ,&nbsp;Minhao Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Self-lubricating solid films have been demonstrated to be effective in substantially reducing fretting wear. However, different films exhibit diverse fretting behaviors under different fretting running states. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to explore the friction-reduction mechanisms of self-lubricating films in different fretting regimes. The fretting behaviors of two solid lubricating systems, namely the Diamond-like carbon (DLC)/DLC self-mated pair and the molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂)/DLC hetero-mated pair, were evaluated. A detailed investigation was conducted on their fretting wear performances in different fretting regimes. Based on the research on transfer films, the fretting wear mechanisms were summarized. The research findings reveal that the DLC/DLC friction pair can efficiently transfer the DLC film on the substrate surface to the counterpart ball surface with low wear and dissipated energy, forming a transfer film with a higher degree of graphitization. In contrast, when amorphous carbon and MoS₂ are completely intermixed, the DLC/MoS₂ friction pair forms a transfer film with the co-presence of the layered structure of MoS₂ and amorphous carbon with a high sp² content. Their different formation mechanisms and structures are the key determinants for the discrepancies in the fretting behaviors of the two friction pairs within distinct fretting regimes. Consequently, by implementing diverse friction pairs to introduce distinct solid lubricating films, precise manipulation of the friction interface and the structure of transfer film can be achieved. This approach is designed to optimize the fretting performance, ensuring enhanced friction reduction and anti-wear capabilities across various fretting regimes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"578 ","pages":"Article 206197"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144241512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tribological properties and self-lubrication mechanisms of 42CrMo inspired composite surface under starved lubrication","authors":"Qipeng Huang ,&nbsp;Jingwen Gong ,&nbsp;Xiaoliang Shi ,&nbsp;Bao Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The planetary gears of wind power inevitably operate frequently under starved lubrication, resulting in severe wear at contact interface of 42CrMo (CM). Herein, the tribological properties of CM are improved by the surface biomimetic texture filled with multi-solid lubricants (CM-STL). 42CrMo inspired composite surface without solid lubricants are the control group (CM-ST). CM-ST and CM-STL with different texture densities were conducted by frictional tests under starved lubrication. Compared with 42CrMo, the friction coefficient and wear volume of CM-STL₂₂ (with 22 % texture density) were reduced by 65.12 % and 82.61 %, respectively. The excellent tribological properties were attributed to the effect of self-lubricating surface on oil and tribo-solid films. CM-STL₂₂ not only decreases whirlpool phenomena of oil film, but also forms a solid film on wear track due to its self-lubricating properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"578 ","pages":"Article 206196"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144241511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and characterisation of a novel accelerated combined cavitation and silt erosion test facility","authors":"Durga Pechetti ,&nbsp;Dhiman Chatterjee ,&nbsp;M. Kamaraj","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206139","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206139","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydraulic devices and machines suffer material damage due to cavitation and silt erosion. Their lifespan can be extended through high-performance materials/coatings. Since cavitation is exacerbated in the presence of silt particles, material performance should be tested in a combined cavitation and silt erosion environment. The development of an accelerated test to evaluate material performance against cavitation erosion, silt erosion, and their combined effects is presented in this work. The test facility is equipped with a normal-incident high-speed cavitation jet and two symmetrical water jets mixed with silt that impinge the sample at angles of 30° or 45°. The facility is characterised using aluminium alloy samples of grade AA6063. The study discusses the effect of the stand-off distance of the cavitation jet on cavitation erosion and combined cavitation and silt erosion at a fixed cavitation number of 0.005. Findings indicate that combined cavitation and silt erosion on AA6063 can be as much as 14.8 times greater than the sum of the individual cavitation and silt erosion effects. The sample is characterised by measurements of mass and surface roughness, and failure mechanisms are investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs. Observations show that AA6063 experiences ductile failure with ploughing and fatigue mechanisms under cavitation, platelets mechanism in a silt environment, and a combination of them under cavitation and silt erosion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"578 ","pages":"Article 206139"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144262253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of the ASTM G-65 dry sand/rubber wheel test adapted to abrasiveness ranking of iron ores","authors":"Daiane Münch ,&nbsp;Leandro Moreira ,&nbsp;Gustavo Tressia ,&nbsp;Barbara Diniz Nins ,&nbsp;Eleir Mundim Bortoleto","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206118","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The wear produced on the lining of mineral processing equipment represents a significant economic loss. The abrasiveness of ores is a critical factor that must be predicted. Current abrasiveness evaluation methods focus mainly on compact rocks or slurry samples, leaving a significant gap in the assessment of friable rocks under dry conditions. With the growing trend toward processing minerals using the natural humidity of ores, understanding wear processes under such conditions is essential. This paper outlines abrasiveness ranking using an adapted ASTM G65 test. In the experiments, four types of iron ores and sand were used as abrasives samples, and a metallic material was used as the test specimen. The mineralogy, granulometry, density, humidity, and microhardness of the abrasives samples were characterized. The wear surfaces were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy. The abrasiveness ranking followed the ascending order of hydrated ore, sand, compact hematite, jaspilite, and friable hematite. Although friable hematite and sand have similar microhardness values, the wear rate was four times greater for the hematite sample. This work highlights that iron-rich ore can be more abrasive than sand. Additionally, the predominant wear micromechanisms identified were microploughing and microcutting. Furthermore, indentations and ore adhesion on worn surfaces were described. Presumably, the adhesion of ores to some specimens might have been responsible for lower wear rates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"578 ","pages":"Article 206118"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144271397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}