Wear最新文献

{"title":"Dynamic sliding wear analysis of the needle roller bearings in RV reducer considering thermal influence","authors":"Weiming Liu ,&nbsp;Lixin Xu ,&nbsp;Jianwei Geng ,&nbsp;Yi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206279","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206279","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rotate vector (RV) reducer often experiences failure due to excessive wear of the needle roller bearings (NRBs) during operation. To investigate the dynamic wear characteristics of the NRBs in RV reducers, a contact multibody dynamics approach is employed to obtain the forces and motion conditions of the NRBs, along with calculations of heat flux and convective heat transfer coefficient (CHTC). The steady-state temperature of NRBs within the RV reducer is numerically investigated through finite element analysis (FEA). A dynamic contact force model of the RV reducer's NRBs incorporates coupled thermo-mechanical effects at the temperature, enabling accurate prediction of bearing contact forces under thermal deformation. Archard's wear model incorporates thermal deformation effects to enable accurate wear prediction in RV reducer NRBs under thermo-mechanical operating conditions to validate the accuracy of this method, a long-term fatigue wear test is conducted on the RV reducer. After the reducer has been operated for an extended period and is disassembled, the wear depth distribution of the inner and outer raceways of the NRBs is inspected, thereby confirming the validity of the proposed method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"580 ","pages":"Article 206279"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144757306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controlled synthesis of CeO2 nanoparticles and their tribological effects on micro-pitting and sliding wear","authors":"Xin Xing ,&nbsp;Kun Han ,&nbsp;Xu Zhou ,&nbsp;Congcong Shi ,&nbsp;Yujuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Shengmao Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenjing Lou ,&nbsp;Wenbin Kan","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, the good disperse and particle size adjustability of cerium oxide (CeO₂) nanoparticles were achieved by solvothermal secondary growth method. The micro-pitting resistance of three CeO₂ nanoparticles (1.85 nm, 2.85 nm, 4.22 nm) in polyalphaolefin (PAO) and gear oil was evaluated by reciprocating step loading method. The results showed that micro-pitting corrosion occurred in base oil lubrication from low load to high load (150 N–350 N). After adding CeO₂ nanoparticles, at low load (150 N), 2.85 nm and 4.22 nm CeO₂ nanoparticles formed a discontinuous CeO₂ tribofilm through shear sintering to reduce the surface shear force and produce significant anti-wear effect. The 1.85 nm CeO₂ has a friction-reducing and anti-wear effect through direct contact with isolated friction pairs. The formation of micro-pitting corrosion is inhibited by the three particle sizes, and the anti-wear performance decreases with the increase of particle size. Under the condition of high load (350 N), the discontinuous single CeO₂ tribofilm spillage due to its limited load capacity, which leads to increased wear and inhibits the formation of micro-pitting. Under the condition of high load (550 N), the formula oil has a micro-pitting phenomenon. After adding CeO₂ nanoparticles, a composite tribofilm containing cerium phosphate and CeO₂ is formed through tribochemical reaction with phosphorous additives, which greatly improves the bearing capacity and anti-wear ability of the tribofilm. Even under the condition of 550 N high load, the three particle sizes of CeO₂ nanoparticles have significant anti-wear effect and low friction properties, and all inhibit the formation of micro-pitting corrosion, among which 2.85 nm particle size of CeO₂ has the best anti-wear ability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"580 ","pages":"Article 206278"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144867181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of steam-rich environments on the tribological performance of Cr2O3 coatings at high temperatures","authors":"Matheus S. Pinto ,&nbsp;Andre R. Mayer ,&nbsp;Christian Moreau ,&nbsp;Pantcho Stoyanov","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the tribological performance of a chromium oxide (Cr₂O₃) coating sliding against Inconel 718 at room temperature and at 450 °C, both without steam and in a steam-rich environment. A custom setup was used to generate and apply superheated steam at 200 °C during reciprocating ball-on-flat sliding tests. Surface analyses were carried out using 3D laser microscopy, SEM, and Raman spectroscopy. The Cr₂O₃ coating showed high wear resistance under all test conditions, and only the Inconel 718 counterballs exhibited measurable wear. Under conditions without steam, increasing the temperature led to lower friction and wear, which is associated with the formation of an oxide-based layer formed from counterball debris. When steam was present, the effect depended on the temperature. At room temperature, steam condensed on the surface, reducing contact between the materials and contributing to lower friction and wear. At 450 °C, the steam did not condense and interfered with the formation of a uniform oxide-based layer. This resulted in higher friction and localized wear in exposed regions of the interface. These findings support the potential of Cr₂O₃ coatings for use in harsh environments, such as hydrogen-fueled gas turbines, where both high temperature and steam exposure are present.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"580 ","pages":"Article 206277"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144757228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life-cycle wear evolution model for engine Cu-based bushings","authors":"Jiabao Yin ,&nbsp;Xianghui Meng ,&nbsp;Lijuan Gu ,&nbsp;Rui Li ,&nbsp;Bugao Lyu ,&nbsp;Rui Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206272","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206272","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Monitoring wear particle concentrations in lubricating oil during durability testing is essential for identifying failure mechanisms in internal combustion engines. Traditional durability bench tests lasting hundreds or thousands of hours are costly, inefficient, and lack adaptability to diverse operating conditions. Simulation models offer a viable alternative but struggle to accurately model complex interactions among wear evolution, lubrication, dynamics, structural deformation, and frictional contact, especially the life-cycle assessment. This study introduces a novel multi-physics model that integrates equations governing wear particle generation and concentration, fluid lubrication, dynamics, contact, elastic deformation, and wear evolution. The model employs a coupled iterative solving process and an extrapolation strategy, ensuring stability, efficiency, and accuracy during long-term simulations implemented in FORTRAN. The model is applied to the piston pin–Cu-based bearing bushing tribo-system under the 400-h durability conditions. The model is rigorously validated through a 400-h durability test on a full-size internal combustion engine. Comparative analysis of tribo-dynamics from single-cycle, 1-h, and 400-h intervals demonstrates strong agreement with lubrication theory and condition changes. Furthermore, the wear distribution of the Cu-based bearing bushings closely matches the model's predictions after the durability test. The evolution of copper particle content of each 100 h is accurately predicted, with a prediction error of 6.85 % after the 400-h test. The cost-effectiveness is assessed by comparing the high fuel costs of this test with the low costs of model simulation. Compared to conventional testing methods, this model reduces the evaluation cycle by 52 % and decreases costs by up to two orders of magnitude. This efficient and cost-effective approach provides a valuable alternative to traditional engine reliability tests and offers substantial technological and economic benefits for the engine industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"580 ","pages":"Article 206272"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144724451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature and stress influence on the tool wear mechanism of machining Zr-based bulk metallic glasses","authors":"Junsheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Fukun Yan ,&nbsp;Zeliang Tang ,&nbsp;Haidong Yang ,&nbsp;Xiaokang Yue ,&nbsp;Shunhua Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206268","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206268","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) show excellent physical and chemical properties. However, during the machining of BMGs, the poor thermal conductivity led to severe tool wear. Among the various factors influencing the tool wear, cutting temperature and stress field played the most significant roles. In order to study the influence of cutting temperature and rake face stress field on tool wear behavior, the tool wear mechanisms of machining BMGs at different cutting speeds and corner radii were investigated in this study. The changes in wear morphology of the tool rake face and flank face were analyzed. The main wear mechanisms were adhesive wear and abrasive wear. Moreover, the cutting temperature was calculated to characterize the influence of cutting speed on tool wear behavior, and the influence of corner radius on tool wear behavior was also analyzed with considering the stress field on the rake face. With the increase in cutting speed, the cutting temperature increased from 777 K to 1216 K, with an increase of 56.5 %, leading to the thermal softening and hardness reduction of workpiece material. This resulted in enhanced adhesion on the rake face and diminished grooving on the flank face. As the corner radius increased, the maximum normal stress decreased from 1732 MPa to 986 MPa, a decrease of 43.07 %, which reduced the ploughing effect of hard particles on the tool surface and diminished the abrasive wear on the rake face. And it also reduced the adhesion tendency on the rake face, thereby reducing the adhesive wear.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"580 ","pages":"Article 206268"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144714548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tribological properties of HVOF sprayed WC-10Ni coating in corrosive environments","authors":"Zongxiao Zhu ,&nbsp;Haida Ren ,&nbsp;Kongjie Jin ,&nbsp;Yushan Geng ,&nbsp;Hui Tan ,&nbsp;Wenyuan Chen ,&nbsp;Juanjuan Chen ,&nbsp;Jun Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206273","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>WC-Ni coating possesses superior wear and corrosion resistance and it can be widely used on the surface of pump shafts in the petrochemical field, crusher hammers and liners in mining machinery to prevent the base metal from being damaged. In this study, microstructure, mechanical properties of HVOF sprayed WC-10Ni coating and its systematically properties of friction and wear under different combinations of counterparts and test environments were examined. The primary phase of the coating was WC, accompanied by only traces of W₂C and NiO. The coating had a porosity as low as 0.74 %, the surface hardness of approximately 1264 HV_0.3, and the bonding strength as high as 68 MPa between coating and substrate. WC-10Ni coating/ceramic tribo-pairs exhibited lower friction coefficients in corrosive environments than in dry condition. WC-10Ni/Al₂O₃ and WC-10Ni/SiC tribo-pairs showed friction coefficients below 0.15 in NaOH and HCl environments, while the wear rates of WC-10Ni coating after sliding against Al₂O₃ was (3.36–11.9) × 10⁻⁸ mm³/N·m. On the whole, WC-10Ni/SiC tribo-pair possessed excellent tribological properties in NaOH environment, while WC-10Ni/Al₂O₃ tribo-pair was more suitable for applicating in NaCl and HCl tribo-corrosive environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"580 ","pages":"Article 206273"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144714478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Top-view in-situ SEM observation of the formation and behavior of wear debris, rolled debris, and freestanding layers in polyacetal friction","authors":"Hiroshi Kinoshita ,&nbsp;Yoshiyuki Sugai ,&nbsp;Serina Tanaka ,&nbsp;Naohiro Matsumoto","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the formation and behavior of wear debris at friction interfaces in polymers is essential for enhancing the performance and durability of polymer-based mechanical systems. However, conventional observation techniques have limited our ability to capture the dynamic processes underlying debris generation. To overcome this, top-view in-situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging of friction interfaces using a microtribometer combined with an electron-transparent silicon nitride (Si₃N₄, hereafter referred to as SIN) thin film was developed. In this study, in-situ friction tests were performed between a SIN film and a polyacetal (POM) pin. The in-situ SEM observations revealed that wear debris originates from stretching, tearing, and detachment of the POM surface due to adhesive interactions. Repeated friction also caused sections of a thick transfer layer to be torn away. When a suitable gap existed between the SIN film and the POM pin, fragments rolled and formed rolled debris. Additionally, the formation of a freestanding layer sliding between the SIN film and the POM pin, initiated by internal crack propagation and detachment within the POM was observed. These dynamic phenomena, complex to capture using conventional techniques, offer new insights into polymer wear mechanisms, highlighting the importance of transfer layer dynamics, surface deformation, and interfacial geometry in debris formation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"580 ","pages":"Article 206274"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144757307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructure, electrical, and tribological properties of copper matrix composites reinforced from dual-scale boride ceramic particles","authors":"Cong Li ,&nbsp;Bo Li ,&nbsp;Yimin Gao ,&nbsp;Zhen Cao ,&nbsp;Xingjuan Yao ,&nbsp;Da Wu ,&nbsp;Pucun Bai ,&nbsp;Zhong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wear is an inevitable issue for mechanical equipment, leading to increased failure rates and reduced service life. Copper (Cu) and its alloys exhibit high electrical and thermal conductivities; however, the insufficient hardness and poor wear resistance limit their application in electronic and electrical engineering. To address the incompatibility between electrical conductivity and tribological properties in Cu materials, dual-scale TiB₂ ceramic particles were used to reinforce Cu matrix composites, which were fabricated via spark plasma sintering. The effect of TiB₂ content on the microstructure, hardness, electrical conductivity, and wear resistance of the TiB₂/Cu composites was investigated. The results indicated that the TiB₂ ceramic particles were well dispersed within the Cu matrix. The hardness of the composites was significantly improved without a substantial reduction in electrical conductivity. Additionally, the compressive strength and wear resistance of the Cu-based composites were enhanced by the addition of dual-scale TiB₂ ceramics. The wear resistance of the composite with 15 wt% TiB₂ was 3.06 times higher than that of the composite with 5 wt% TiB₂ under an applied load of 20 N. The dominant wear mechanisms of the composites were adhesive wear, oxidation wear, and abrasive wear.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"580 ","pages":"Article 206276"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144711167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tribological behavior of YSZ based composite coatings containing Ag, Sb2O3 and Ag/Sb2O3 from 25 to 800 °C","authors":"Liuyang Bai ,&nbsp;Haibo Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhiwei Zhao ,&nbsp;Shun Wang ,&nbsp;Chunlong Guan ,&nbsp;Xiaomiao Zhao ,&nbsp;Suxuan Du ,&nbsp;Huwei Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206275","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206275","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>YSZ based composite coatings, containing Ag or Sb₂O₃ or Ag/Sb₂O₃, are fabricated using atmospheric plasma spraying technology. The phase composition, microstructure and mechanical properties are characterized. The influence of Ag, Sb₂O₃ and Ag/Sb₂O₃ on the tribological behavior of the YSZ based composite coatings sliding against Al₂O₃ ball was investigated from 25 to 800 °C. The results show that the introduced Ag in YSZ/Ag coating provides effective lubrication below 500 °C, while the presence of Sb₂O₃ deteriorates the wear behavior due to its volatilization and the deteriorative mechanical strength of YSZ/Sb₂O₃ coating. The YSZ/Ag/Sb₂O₃ coating with dual addition of Ag and Sb₂O₃ exhibits excellent friction and wear behavior in a broad temperature range. Such an improvement in tribological performance is attributed to the abundant supply of Ag covering on the worn surface. It is demonstrated that the diffusion channel of Ag increases due to the volatilization of Sb₂O₃ at high temperatures and the high porosity of the YSZ/Ag/Sb₂O₃ coating, which continuously provides lubricant Ag for the contact interface. The tribo-induced layer, composed of Ag, residual Sb₂O₃ and ZrO₂ wear debris, play a significant role in providing effective lubrication at elevated temperature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"580 ","pages":"Article 206275"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144722329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wear characteristics and cutting performance in micromilling reentrant microchannels with micro serrated pin fins with a micro staggered multi-edge ball-end milling tool","authors":"Zhenkun Zhang ,&nbsp;Daxiang Deng ,&nbsp;Xin Gu ,&nbsp;Wei Wu ,&nbsp;Yingxue Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206270","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reentrant microchannels with micro serrated pin fins (RMSPF) are promising for high-performance microchannel heat sinks for heat dissipation of high-heat-flux devices. They can be efficiently fabricated in a single micromilling process using a specially designed micro staggered multi-edge ball end milling tool (SMBMT). The tool wear is an inherent problem for the micromilling process, as the machining quality and efficiency of RMSPF are significantly affected by the tool wear progression. Nevertheless, the wear behaviors and mechanisms of the micromilling tool with discontinuous cutting edges has not been understood. To this aim, wear characteristics and cutting performance of the SMBMT in micromilling of RMSPF were investigated through experiments and finite element simulations in this study. Results revealed that the tool wear of SMBMT could be divided into three stages, i.e., initial, steady and severe wear stages. The cutting force and cutting temperature increased nonlinearly with tool wear. Adhesive wear and abrasive wear mainly occurred on the auxiliary forming face and the tool end face for the SMBMT, which was different from the common occurrence of tool wear on the flank face and cutting edges for conventional milling tools. Abrasive wear on the tool end face produced uniform circular wear lands. Progressive tool wear reduced the height of serrated pin fins by 33 %, and increased the surface roughness of the reentrant microchannels. Moreover, chip morphology transitioned from regular strips in the initial wear stage to irregular blocks in the severe wear stage. This study elucidated the wear characteristics and cutting performance of the micro staggered multi-edge ball end milling tool, which provided valuable insights into the design of the unique tool of SMBMT and fabrication of RMSPF for high-performance microchannel heat sinks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"580 ","pages":"Article 206270"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144722328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}