Wear最新文献

{"title":"Tribological characterization of electrostatically sprayed UHMWPE-TiN composite coatings","authors":"Javier A. Ortega ,&nbsp;Jarrod Perez ,&nbsp;Yazmin Cortes ,&nbsp;Nicholas Perez ,&nbsp;Victoria Padilla ,&nbsp;Carlos A. Rodriguez Betancourth ,&nbsp;M. Alvarez-Vera","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205897","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205897","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over the past few decades, the need for inert, wear-resistant, cost-efficient, environmentally friendly, and low-friction coatings has been growing. While polymer coatings, particularly ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), are excellent options to fulfill these requirements due to their low density, anticorrosion properties, self-lubricating nature, affordability, and ease of processing, their applications are limited by factors such as their low load-bearing capacity. The present study focuses on developing and evaluating the tribological characteristics of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) composite coatings that have been strengthened with varying concentrations (2.5, 5, and 10 wt %) of TiN particles to improve its load-bearing capacity. The coatings were developed and deposited on aluminum substrates using the electrostatic spraying technique. The tribological properties of the UHMWPE-TiN composite coatings were evaluated using a tribometer with a ball-on-disk configuration, sliding against a 316 stainless steel ball as a counterface under three different loading conditions (5, 10, and 15 N), and a sliding velocity of 0.1 m/s, following the ASTM <span><span>G99-17</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> standard procedure. In addition, the scratch hardness of the composites was evaluated as per the ASTM <span><span>G171-03</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> standard. Micro-indentation, profilometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) techniques were utilized for characterizing the coatings in terms of hardness, surface roughness, morphology, and wear mechanisms. The results indicated that UHMWPE reinforced with 2.5 wt% TiN offers the best overall balance between hardness, friction reduction, and wear resistance, particularly under high-load conditions. Although higher TiN concentrations, such as 10 wt%, improve hardness and reduce friction, they may lead to increased wear due to agglomeration and particle detachment. This research emphasizes the potential of UHMWPE-TiN composite coatings in advanced tribological applications. It offers a promising solution to meet the increasing demand for wear-resistant coatings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"570 ","pages":"Article 205897"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144231029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An experimental investigation on tribological performance of L-PBF Ti6Al4V: Influence of build orientation and post-processing","authors":"Jino Joshy,&nbsp;Basil Kuriachen","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205888","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205888","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laser powder bed fused (L-PBF), additively manufactured (AM), titanium alloys are prone to anisotropic effects that pose a setback for their practical applications. This study explores the variations in tribological properties of Ti6Al4V with different printing conditions such as build orientation and height. A height difference of 30 mm unveiled a lower wear resistance in the top samples (30 mm print height) compared to the bottom samples (near the base plate). A detailed analysis of different loads (20 N–200 N) applied showed more aggressive abrasive wear and delamination when the load was increased above 80 N. The horizontally oriented components demonstrated dominant plastic deformation and delamination on the wear surface while dominant abrasive wear marks and ploughing action were observed on the vertically built samples. Analysis based on different post-processing routes including stress relieving, heat treatments, and cryogenic treatments, for better tribological performance indicates the suitability of cryogenic soaking which showed a 3.01 % lower wear rate in the vertical orientation and 11.74 % lower in the horizontal orientation against the normal stress relieving treatments. Different heat treatments (400 °C, 700 °C, 1090 °C), cryogenic soaking (-196 °C), and their combinations were performed to monitor the wear behavior and furthermore, conventionally forged samples were also tested under similar conditions for a comparison purpose.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"570 ","pages":"Article 205888"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144231046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tribological analysis of kraft paper covered with exfoliated graphite films: Exploring the influence of electric current and test duration on graphene deformation, defect formation and friction","authors":"O.J.C. Oliveira ,&nbsp;R.P.N. Gonçalves ,&nbsp;D. Franzosi ,&nbsp;C.M. Queiroz ,&nbsp;N.K. Fukumasu ,&nbsp;A.P. Tschiptschin ,&nbsp;R.M. Souza","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205913","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205913","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the tribological behavior of exfoliated and reassembled graphite (ERG) films subjected to varying electrical potentials. ERG films were prepared using a novel exfoliation method, and tribological tests were conducted with a steel ball as the counterbody, under voltages of 0, 2.5, and 5 V and for different durations. Results revealed that increasing the applied voltage reduced the coefficient of friction (COF), potentially due to thermal expansion and the alignment of graphene layers induced by the electric current. For longer test durations, an increase in COF was observed, for all applied voltages, and Raman spectroscopy showed an increase in structural defects, as evidenced by the rise in the I_D/I_G intensity ratio. Surface topography analysis indicated significant flattening of the wear track over time, while Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) showed a decrease in oxygen content inside the wear track, suggesting minimal oxidation. These findings contribute to the understanding of how electric current influences the tribological properties of ERG films.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"570 ","pages":"Article 205913"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144232580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Streamlined numerical modeling of solid particle impacts and erosion using a fully eulerian technique: An experimentally validated comparison to Lagrangian and meshfree methods","authors":"John Magliaro ,&nbsp;Marcello Papini","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205918","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205918","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solid particle erosion modeling is a highly demanding task that, despite the enormous growth in global computing power in recent decades, often requires significant time and geometric scaling compared to real-world phenomena to achieve reasonable execution times. This study considered the simulation of solid angular particle impacts against AA6061-T6 and oxygen free high conductivity (OFHC) copper targets, and multi-particle erosion by 150 μm diameter alumina powder in AA6061-T6, using conventional Lagrangian finite element method (FEM), smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) and fully Eulerian models. The simulations were compared based on their computational efficiency and validated using published experimental data from Papini's research group. The Eulerian models predicted crater profiles and rebound kinematics for planar impacts, up to 88 m/s, with a 12.1 % average relative error compared to 15.9 % and 21.3 % for the SPH and FEM models, respectively. The Eulerian models also accurately predicted surface chipping despite the omission of a material failure algorithm. For the multi-particle simulations, crater size and volume distributions from 372 randomized impacts and steady-state erosion rates imparted by 1.5 g/min, 117 m/s incident alumina powder jets were predicted within 15 % of experimental values for the Eulerian and SPH models. The execution times were, on average, 2.2 times faster for the Eulerian models than the complementary SPH models and 6.5 times faster than conventional FEM. These findings highlight opportunities for the development of numerical models of erosion phenomena with more realistic physical domains, and greater accessibility to professionals with limited computational resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"570 ","pages":"Article 205918"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144232576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Damage assessment of 6H-SiC under repeated nano-scratching","authors":"Yang He ,&nbsp;Liangchi Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhen Li","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205898","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205898","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Monocrystalline silicon carbide (SiC) is a promising next-generation semiconductor material, and ultra-precision machining techniques such as grinding, polishing, and lapping are essential in the fabrication of SiC-based devices. During these processes, randomly dispersed abrasive grains interact with the SiC wafer through contact sliding, removing material via repeated nano-scale scratching. This study investigates the underlying mechanisms of material removal, aiming at minimal subsurface damage, through detailed nano-scale experimental analyses using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Experiments were performed on 6H-SiC surfaces under a constant AFM tip load of 8 μN. The surface and subsurface microstructural evolution were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Results show that as the number of nano-scratching cycles increases under consistent loading conditions, the thickness of the amorphous layer stabilizes without further phase transformations or defect formation. A uniform amorphous layer, 3–5 nm thick, develops in the top subsurface, with no lattice defects present beneath it. Due to tip wear and changes in the ratio of undeformed chip thickness to tip radius, the material removal mechanism shifts from extrusion-shearing dominated cutting to plowing. The complex stress field and stress gradient, combined with the material's anisotropic microstructure, introduces multifaceted plastic deformation in the top subsurface during plowing, resulting in irregular amorphization and lateral lattice distortions. This leads to material pile-ups containing both crystalline and amorphous phases along the nanogroove.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"570 ","pages":"Article 205898"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144229559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of tamping effect in wear behavior of Cu-TiC composite coatings deposited by cold spray","authors":"Aosong Li ,&nbsp;Sima A. Alidokht ,&nbsp;Phuong Vo ,&nbsp;Bertrand Jodoin ,&nbsp;Richard R. Chromik","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205914","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205914","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the cold spray process, tamping refers to the effect where impacting cold-sprayed particles modify the microstructure and properties of previously deposited materials. The effect of tamping on wear performance was studied for cold sprayed ceramic-reinforced metal matrix composite (MMC) coatings. A Cu coating and three Cu-TiC MMC coatings were deposited, using three feedstocks containing 0, 10 (Cu-10cT) and 70 wt% (Cu-70cT) of coarse TiC powder and one feedstock containing 10 wt% of fine TiC powder (Cu-10fT), respectively. Mechanical properties were evaluated using multi-scale indentation and scratch bond strength testing. X-ray diffraction and electron backscatter diffraction were employed to examine the deformation in the coatings over large and small length scales, respectively. Tribological properties in dry air and nitrogen environments were studied in sliding wear using a ball-on-disk tribometer. Chemical composition on wear tracks was examined by Raman spectroscopy. The deposition efficiency decreased with the increasing TiC ratio for Cu, Cu-10cT and Cu-70cT coatings. Low deposition efficiency manifested as enhanced tamping led to decreased porosity, elevated deformation level, increased micro- and nano-hardness, and improved cohesion strength, resulting in enhanced wear resistance. The lowest wear rate was observed for Cu-70cT. The Cu-10fT showed a similar tamping effect to Cu-70cT. However, the fine TiC particles were uniformly dispersed along the Cu particle-particle interfaces in Cu-10fT, compromising its cohesion strength and leading to easier removal of coating materials during wear test. In nitrogen, adhesion between first bodies was reduced due to the absence of Cu oxide-containing tribolayers. The coatings except for Cu-70cT exhibited lower wear rates in nitrogen than those in dry air. Cu-70cT showed much lower wear rate in dry air than in nitrogen, indicating the important role of the stable Cu₂O-containing tribolayers in reducing wear.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"570 ","pages":"Article 205914"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144232579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation on the slurry erosion and corrosion characteristics of friction stir welded AA5052 in the marine environment","authors":"G.S. Anantharam,&nbsp;Basil Kuriachen","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205920","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205920","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Materials with superior strength-to-weight ratio and corrosion resistance, such as aluminum alloy (AA5052), are favored in marine applications. Friction stir welding of these alloys can help create flawless joints. These alloys during maritime applications, are subjected to erosion and corrosion caused by the salt and sand in the water, and the non-welded and welded regions undergo variable levels of erosion and corrosion. Therefore, the erosion that the AA5052 experiences in the maritime environment is examined in both cast and friction stir welded (FSW) conditions in the present work. The potentiodynamic-polarization along with immersion-technique is used to evaluate the corrosion resistance of both cast and FSW aluminum alloy samples. The results revealed that the FSW sample possessed a 12 times higher corrosion rate than the cast, which is contributed by the refined grains and intermetallic phases like Al₃Fe in it. The erosion test is executed using a pot-type slurry erosion tester using sand and 3.5 % saline water as a slurry at slurry concentrations of 100, 300, and 500 g/L and slurry speeds of 500, 1000, and 1500 rpm while maintaining slurry particle size, slurry temperature, and slurry pH constant. The FSW sample displayed only a marginal erosion resistance when compared to the cast whereas the erosion rate in both enhanced at higher slurry speeds and slurry concentrations. In both the cast and FSW samples, the material removal is triggered by the plastic deformation caused by the impinging sand particle's kinetic energy. An increase in slurry concentration from 100 to 500 g/L and slurry speed from 500 to 1500 rpm enhanced material removal to about 95 % and 400 % respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"570 ","pages":"Article 205920"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144230423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Message from the Editorial Chairwoman","authors":"Wenjun (Rebecca) Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206038","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"570 ","pages":"Article 206038"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144230452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on wheel polygonal wear of high-speed train caused by the unstable vibration of the disc brake system","authors":"Qi Zhu ,&nbsp;Jun Xie ,&nbsp;Xiaolu Cui ,&nbsp;Jian Li","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205925","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205925","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To study the formation mechanism of wheel polygonal wear on high-speed train and propose corresponding inhibition measures. Based on the theory of frictional self-excited vibration, the finite element models of different types of high-speed train wheel rail systems are established. The frictional self-excited vibration characteristics of the wheel rail system during the braking process are investigated using complex eigenvalue analysis. The vibration modes and vibration responses of the axle-disc and wheel-disc braking devices are obtained using the transient dynamic analysis. The frequency distribution and corresponding mode shapes of the frictional self-excited vibration to clarify the relationship between the frictional self-excited vibration of disc brake subsystem and wheel rail subsystem. The formation mechanism of polygonal wear of high-speed train wheel is revealed. Finally, the parameter sensitivity of the braking unit coordination relationship is analyzed. Results show that during the train braking process, the friction self-excited vibration of the wheel-rail system induced by the coupling effect of the wheel-rail friction and disc brake system friction is the root cause of the wheel polygonal wear. The axle-disc braking device mainly dominates the formation of 20th order wheel polygonal wear. The disc brake device dominates the 447 Hz frictional self-excited vibration of the wheel rail system. Parameter sensitivity analysis results show that under the premise of ensuring the braking performance of the train, wheel polygonal wear can be suppressed by reducing the friction coefficient of the braking device. The greater the number of brake units, the better the stability of the wheel-rail system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"570 ","pages":"Article 205925"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144230478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of electricity on the traction and wear characteristics of ZDDP and MoDTC in a low-viscosity oil under different sliding-rolling conditions","authors":"L.I. Farfan-Cabrera ,&nbsp;P. Lee ,&nbsp;C. Sanchez ,&nbsp;A. Erdemir ,&nbsp;S. Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205938","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205938","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shaft currents, which are very common in electric vehicle (EV) drivelines, can trigger deleterious effects on the tribological performance of bearings and gears. However, a fundamental understanding of such effects on traction coefficient and wear characteristics of lubricants has not yet been well-established. Accordingly, this work aims to elucidate the traction characteristics of common lubricating additives such as ZDDP, and MoDTC when mixed with a low-viscosity oil (PAO4) on AISI 52100 steel test pairs under non-electrified and electrified sliding-rolling conditions. The parametric studies were carried out using an electrified mini-traction-machine (MTM) over a very broad range of slide-to-roll ratios and rolling speeds with and without electrification. The resulting wear tracks from each set of tests were examined by optical profilometry, Raman spectroscopy, and SEM to identify the key differences in their wear characteristics. According to the results obtained from these tests, applying electricity to the contact interface causes substantial alterations in the traction coefficients of additized oils and intensified the severity of abrasive wear on rubbing surfaces. The traction coefficients also increased substantially under electrification in almost all the sliding-rolling conditions. The oils containing ZDDP were the most affected by electricity, while the oil containing only MoDTC performed remarkably better under electrified conditions. Such an outstanding effect enabled by MoDTC was attributed to the formation of a more effective MoS₂-rich tribofilm under electrification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"570 ","pages":"Article 205938"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144230555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}