YeastPub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-10-25DOI: 10.1002/yea.70006
Alexander Deitert, Makarius Baier, Roy Eerlings, Jana Fees, Ailín Österlein Kück, Julia Repin, Philipp Demling, Lars M Blank
{"title":"Polyphosphate Accumulation Is Determined by Zinc and Inositol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.","authors":"Alexander Deitert, Makarius Baier, Roy Eerlings, Jana Fees, Ailín Österlein Kück, Julia Repin, Philipp Demling, Lars M Blank","doi":"10.1002/yea.70006","DOIUrl":"10.1002/yea.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polyphosphate (polyP) is an intriguing polymer with diverse biological and industrial applications. Chemical polyP production is energy-intensive and limited in chain length at large-scale production. Alternatively, biological production offers a sustainable solution. Recent research endeavors highlighted Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a promising organism for polyP hyperaccumulation, achieving up to 28% (w/w) polyP (as KPO<sub>3</sub>). P<sub>i</sub> starvation and P<sub>i</sub> feeding are essential for this hyperaccumulation phenotype. Prior research demonstrated that trace elements and vitamins increase polyP production in S. cerevisiae when added to the cultivation medium during P<sub>i</sub> starvation. However, the role of trace elements and vitamins in enhancing polyP accumulation remained unclear. This study identified inositol and zinc to drive polyP accumulation across various laboratory and industrial S. cerevisiae strains. Moreover, these components influence the energy metabolism of yeasts. Our findings suggest that zinc boosts the phosphate-responsive signal transduction (PHO) pathway during P<sub>i</sub> starvation. The influence of inositol on polyP hyperaccumulation remains elusive, as it does not influence the PHO pathway directly. These findings add to the ever-growing understanding of polyP metabolism in S. cerevisiae and provide further targets for optimizing biological polyP production.</p>","PeriodicalId":23870,"journal":{"name":"Yeast","volume":" ","pages":"249-260"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12587025/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145368942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sucrose-Induced Transcriptomic Response in Ogataea polymorpha TBRC 4839 Reveals its Potential for Recombinant Protein Production.","authors":"Somsak Likhitrattanapisal, Chitwadee Phithakrotchanakoon, Aekkachai Puseenam, Paopit Siriarchawatana, Natta Wiriyakun, Jiraprapa Nirapun, Warasirin Sornlek, Supawadee Ingsriswang, Niran Roongsawang","doi":"10.1002/yea.70001","DOIUrl":"10.1002/yea.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The thermotolerant yeast Ogataea polymorpha TBRC 4839 is a promising host for heterologous protein expression using sucrose and molasses as low-cost carbon sources, making it suitable for industrial applications. This study analyzed the genome and transcriptome of O. polymorpha under sucrose-induced conditions. The nuclear genome of strain TBRC 4839 measures 8.9 Mbp with a GC content of 47.87%, consistent with other Ogataea species. The genome encodes 5184 protein-coding genes, comparable to related strains. Additionally, the mitochondrial genome spans 49.4 Kbp and has a low GC content of approximately 20%. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that sucrose induction triggers a metabolic shift characterized by increased carbohydrate metabolism and decreased amino acid biosynthesis, stress signaling, and cell division, enabling efficient energy utilization in sucrose-rich environments. Among the identified genes with up-regulated expression, five were notable: FUN_000066 (hypothetical protein), FUN_001144 (maltose permease), FUN_001145 (maltase), FUN_002060 (mitochondrial NAD-dependent malic enzyme), and FUN_002263 (hypothetical protein). The promoter efficiency was evaluated by expressing the fungal xylanase gene under sucrose-inducing conditions using these promoters. The maltase (MAL) promoter exhibited the highest xylanase production efficiency, outperforming other promoters. Furthermore, the MAL promoter proved effective for xylanase production when molasses was used as the carbon source. These findings underscore the potential of O. polymorpha TBRC 4839 and the MAL promoter for industrial protein production.</p>","PeriodicalId":23870,"journal":{"name":"Yeast","volume":" ","pages":"181-194"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145132130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Construction of a YPS Gene-Deficient Komagataella phaffii Strain for Enhanced Expression of BIAP Ⅱ.","authors":"Haichao Li, Ping Gui, Xiao Li, Yanna Lin, Zhenyu Ma, Haili Yu, Fuqiang Ma","doi":"10.1002/yea.70002","DOIUrl":"10.1002/yea.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multiple isoforms of bovine intestinal alkaline phosphatase (BIAP) have been identified, among which type Ⅱ (BIAP Ⅱ) exhibits the highest specific activity. While Komagataella phaffii has been successfully employed for the secretory expression of recombinant BIAP Ⅱ, substantial proteolytic degradation during the secretion and expression processes has been observed, leading to reduced protein yield and challenging purification procedures. Our investigation demonstrates that the proteolytic cleavage of BIAP Ⅱ is predominantly mediated by secretory pathway proteases, particularly the aspartic protease yapsin (Yps), with Yps1 playing a crucial role. Genetic disruption of the YPS1 gene resulted in a remarkable 2.5-fold increase in BIAP Ⅱ production yield compared to the parental strain, accompanied by significantly reduced proteolytic degradation. Through detailed analysis, we have identified the Yps1 cleavage site within the BIAP Ⅱ peptide chain, located between Lys<sub>137</sub> and Lys<sub>138</sub>. To further minimize BIAP Ⅱ proteolysis, we developed a YPS multigene-deficient engineered strain using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated triple gene editing technology. Additionally, we have established a novel dual-color quantitative PCR (DC-qPCR) method that enables rapid and precise determination of target gene dosage, thereby enhancing screening efficiency while reducing experimental errors associated with repeated sample processing. The strategies and methodologies developed in this study may serve as a valuable reference for optimizing the expression of various secretory heterologous proteins in Komagataella phaffii.</p>","PeriodicalId":23870,"journal":{"name":"Yeast","volume":" ","pages":"195-205"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145132133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
YeastPub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-07-21DOI: 10.1002/yea.4005
Zeyu Lu, Samuel Evans, Liam McDonnell, Naga Chandra Bandari, Yilun Weng, Wanli Jin, Robert Speight, Gerhard Schenk, Christopher B Howard, Claudia E Vickers, Bingyin Peng
{"title":"Exploiting the Geranylgeranyl-Pyrophosphate-Sensing N-Terminal Domain of HMG-CoA Reductase 2 to Regulate Farnesyl Pyrophosphate Synthase (Erg20p) for Improved Monoterpene Production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.","authors":"Zeyu Lu, Samuel Evans, Liam McDonnell, Naga Chandra Bandari, Yilun Weng, Wanli Jin, Robert Speight, Gerhard Schenk, Christopher B Howard, Claudia E Vickers, Bingyin Peng","doi":"10.1002/yea.4005","DOIUrl":"10.1002/yea.4005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dynamic downregulation of the endogenous farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) synthase (Erg20p) is crucial to engineer heterologous monoterpene production in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FPP downstream metabolite geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) can induce the degradation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase 2 (Hmg2p) through its N-terminal GGPP-sensing endoplasmic reticulum transmembrane domain (Hmg2p<sup>N</sup>) in S. cerevisiae. Here, we investigate the use of Hmg2p<sup>N</sup> to regulate Erg20p, aiming to restrict FPP synthesis and redirect metabolic flux to monoterpene production. While using the ERG1 promoter to regulate ERG20 transcription improved monoterpene limonene by ~10-fold, combinatory fusion of Hmg2p<sup>N</sup> to Erg20p N-terminus further improved limonene production by 40% to 0.52 g L<sup>-1</sup> in synthetic minimal media. This approach yielded 0.5 g L<sup>-1</sup> geraniol in batch cultivation, comparable to levels achieved using the N-end-rule degron K3K15 or an auxin-inducible degron to regulate Erg20p. In rich complex media, this approach was superior, leading to 2.1 g L<sup>-1</sup> geraniol production in semi-fed batch cultivation. In summary, the Hmg2p<sup>N</sup> domain is an efficient tool to constrain FPP synthesis for improved monoterpene production in S. cerevisiae.</p>","PeriodicalId":23870,"journal":{"name":"Yeast","volume":" ","pages":"169-180"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144675935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cooperative Function of Atg8- and TORC1-Mediated Activities in Yeast.","authors":"Yumiko Oba, Miyuki Higuchi, Naoka Takahashi, Haruko Katsuta, Naoki Koike, Takashi Ushimaru, Yoko Kimura","doi":"10.1002/yea.4003","DOIUrl":"10.1002/yea.4003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) protein kinase plays an important role in regulating various cellular activities in response to nutrient availability. In this study, an autophagy-related protein 8 (atg8) mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was highly sensitive to cellular processes in which TORC1 activity was inhibited by rapamycin treatment or by a mutated allele of KOG1 which encodes a subunit of TORC1. Atg8 exhibits both lipidation-dependent and -independent activities, each involving distinct factors. Lipidation of Atg8 is necessary for autophagy and functions with autophagy-related proteins like Atg7, whereas the lipidation-independent activities of Atg8 require Hfl1. The atg7Δhfl1Δ double mutant exhibited defects for the impaired TORC1 activities, suggesting that both lipidation-dependent and -independent functions of Atg8 are required for survival during impaired TORC1 activity. Moreover, atg8Δ and atg7Δhfl1Δ mutants exhibited sensitivity to metal ion Zn<sup>2+</sup> during low-dose rapamycin treatment. The results suggest that Atg8-mediated functions and TORC1 signaling events play an important role in cell growth, possibly by maintaining vacuole integrity.</p>","PeriodicalId":23870,"journal":{"name":"Yeast","volume":" ","pages":"161-168"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12511908/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144498189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
YeastPub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2025-04-07DOI: 10.1002/yea.4001
Han-Ying Jhuang, Dimitra Aggeli, Gregory I Lang
{"title":"Cytoduction Preserves Genetic Diversity Following Plasmid Transfer Into Pooled Yeast Libraries.","authors":"Han-Ying Jhuang, Dimitra Aggeli, Gregory I Lang","doi":"10.1002/yea.4001","DOIUrl":"10.1002/yea.4001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Introducing plasmids into yeast is a critical step for many phenotypic assays and genetic engineering applications. However, it is often challenging for applications that involve large pools of variants because the population structure can be easily altered by traditional methods such as chemical transformation. In this study, we introduce drug-marked plasmids into a heterogeneous yeast population using both transformation and cytoduction (mating without nuclear fusion). Using a highly diverse barcoded yeast collection, we quantify the efficiency of both methods. We demonstrate that for cytoduction, but not transformation, nearly all the genotypes in the initial pool were detected in the final pool, with a high correlation to their initial frequencies. Finally, we map QTL that impact both cytoduction and transformation. Overall, we demonstrate the efficiency of cytoduction as a means of introducing plasmids into yeast. This is significant because it provides a means of manipulating diverse yeast populations, such as pools constructed for bulk segregant analysis, deep mutational scanning, large-scale gene editing, or populations from long-term evolution experiments.</p>","PeriodicalId":23870,"journal":{"name":"Yeast","volume":" ","pages":"126-131"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12232603/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143796459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
YeastPub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2025-06-26DOI: 10.1002/yea.4004
Erik Y Bjurström, Praphapan Lasin, Daniel Brunnsåker, Ievgeniia A Tiukova, Ross D King
{"title":"An Investigation of TDA1 Deficiency in Saccharomyces cerevisiae During Diauxic Growth.","authors":"Erik Y Bjurström, Praphapan Lasin, Daniel Brunnsåker, Ievgeniia A Tiukova, Ross D King","doi":"10.1002/yea.4004","DOIUrl":"10.1002/yea.4004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tda1p is a protein kinase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here we investigate the function of TDA1 during the diauxic shift using transcriptomics. We compared the gene expression in the deletion mutant tda1∆ and the reference strain (BY4741) during both the aerobic fermentation phase (log phase), and the respiratory phase (post-diauxic shift phase, PDS) in three separate independent experiments. We found: Differential gene expression analysis showed that compared to the reference strain, the tda1∆ mutant exhibited an upregulation of the glucose repressed hexose transporter HXT6 during the log phase, and upregulation of mitochondrial proteins and genes related to mitochondrial translation during the PDS phase. Gene set enrichment analysis showed an enrichment in mitochondrial translation in the PDS phase for the deletion mutant tda1∆, but not for the reference strain. Transcription factor analysis showed that the enrichment of Mig1p repressed genes was not statistically significant in TDA1 deletion mutants for neither log-phase nor PDS-phase. This conflicted with the previously suggested model that argued for an interaction between Tda1p and Mig1p. Instead, transcription factor analysis showed an enrichment of genes regulated by the HAP-complex, which regulates mitochondrial translation, during the PDS-phase in the tda1∆ mutant. The combined evidence from this study indicates that Tda1p does not participate in Mig1p-mediated glucose repression. Instead, we propose that it is involved in the regulation of mitochondrial translation by repressing the expression of HAP complex subunits.</p>","PeriodicalId":23870,"journal":{"name":"Yeast","volume":" ","pages":"142-156"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12232523/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144498188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
YeastPub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2025-03-21DOI: 10.1002/yea.4000
Cristobal A Onetto, Jane McCarthy, Simon A Schmidt
{"title":"A Rapid Growth Rate Underpins the Dominance of Hanseniaspora uvarum in Spontaneous Grape Juice Fermentations.","authors":"Cristobal A Onetto, Jane McCarthy, Simon A Schmidt","doi":"10.1002/yea.4000","DOIUrl":"10.1002/yea.4000","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hanseniaspora uvarum is consistently observed as the dominant non-Saccharomyces species in spontaneous grape juice fermentations. However, the physiological mechanisms and physicochemical variables influencing the prevalence of H. uvarum over other non-Saccharomyces species remain unclear. We tested the factors contributing to H. uvarum dominance by inoculating a chemically diverse set of grape juices with a mock community whose composition was based on a previously published comprehensive microbial survey of commercial spontaneous fermentations. The diverse composition of these grape juices appeared to have minimal impact on the overall microbial dynamics of fermentation, with H. uvarum consistently emerging as the dominant non-Saccharomyces species in nearly all conditions tested. Flow cytometry analysis confirmed that H. uvarum has a faster growth rate than Saccharomyces cerevisiae and several other Hanseniaspora species. Moreover, its growth was not affected by the presence of S. cerevisiae. H. uvarum negatively affected the growth of S. cerevisiae, with significant implications for fermentation performance and sugar consumption. Our study suggests that the fast growth rate of H. uvarum enables it to dominate the grape juice environment quickly during early fermentation stages. This physiological advantage may be critical to the outcome of spontaneous fermentations, as evidenced by its direct impact on S. cerevisiae and fermentation performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":23870,"journal":{"name":"Yeast","volume":" ","pages":"116-125"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143674604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Saccharomycopsis yichangensis sp. nov., a Novel Predacious Yeast Species Isolated From Soil.","authors":"Shuang Hu, Liang-Chen Guo, Yan-Jie Qiu, Qi-Yang Zhu, Ri-Peng Zhang, Pei-Jie Han, Feng-Yan Bai","doi":"10.1002/yea.4002","DOIUrl":"10.1002/yea.4002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two yeast strains belonging to the ascomycetous yeast genus Saccharomycopsis were isolated from soil collected from a forest in Wufeng Tujia Autonomous County, Yichang, Hubei province, China. Phylogenetic analyzes of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the D1/D2 domain of the large subunit rRNA gene showed that they closely related to S. fermentans and S. babjevae but differed from S. fermentans by 17 (3.09%, 15 substitutions and two gaps) and 30 (4.85%, 22 substitutions and eight gaps) mismatches, and from S. babjevae by 13 (2.39%, eight substitutions and five gaps) and 21 (3.46%, 14 substitutions and seven gaps) mismatches in the D1/D2 domain and ITS region, respectively. A phylogenomic analysis based on 1260 single-copy orthologs confirmed the close relationship of the new Chinese strains with S. fermentans and S. babjevae. The whole genome average nucleotide identity (ANI) values of the new strains with the two species are 85.7% and 86.9%, respectively. The results suggest that the two strains represent a novel species, for which the name Saccharomycopsis yichangensis sp. nov. (holotype strain CGMCC 2.7390) is proposed. The Fungal Names number is FN 572295. The novel yeast is homothallic and produces asci containing four spheroidal ascospores with an equatorial or subequatorial ledge. This species can prey on cells of Jamesozyma jinghongensis, Meyerozyma carpophila and Saccharomyces cerevisiae through invasive infection pegs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23870,"journal":{"name":"Yeast","volume":" ","pages":"132-141"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144112219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
YeastPub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2025-03-15DOI: 10.1002/yea.3999
Mathilde Kadouch, Pierre Gaspin, Christelle Marchal, Sabine Castano, Christophe Cullin
{"title":"Enhancing Yeast Transformation: Achieving up to a Tenfold Increase Through a Single Adjustment in the Lithium Acetate-Polyethylene Glycol Method.","authors":"Mathilde Kadouch, Pierre Gaspin, Christelle Marchal, Sabine Castano, Christophe Cullin","doi":"10.1002/yea.3999","DOIUrl":"10.1002/yea.3999","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Lithium-PEG method for transforming yeast cells is a standard procedure used in most yeast laboratories. After several optimizations, this method can yield up to 10<sup>6</sup> transformants per µg of plasmid. Some applications, such as library screening or complex transformations, necessitate maximizing transformation yield. Here, we demonstrate that the addition of a sorbitol solution serves as an osmo-protectant during and after heat shock, resulting in up to a tenfold increase in transformation efficiency. This optimization requires only one additional pipetting step compared to the original protocol, making it practical for routine use.</p>","PeriodicalId":23870,"journal":{"name":"Yeast","volume":" ","pages":"109-115"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12232512/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}