Virulence最新文献

{"title":"A dual fluorescence channel RAA-based CRISPR-Cas12a/Cas13a system for highly sensitive detection of <i>Gyrovirus galga1</i> and <i>Gyrovirus homsa1</i>.","authors":"Dan Yu, Zhixun Xie, Yanfang Zhang, Zhiqin Xie, Qing Fan, Sisi Luo, Liji Xie, Meng Li, Tingting Zeng, Minxiu Zhang, Xiaofeng Li, You Wei, Aiqiong Wu, Lijun Wan","doi":"10.1080/21505594.2025.2521012","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21505594.2025.2521012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Gyrovirus galga1</i> (GyG1) and <i>Gyrovirus homsa1</i> (GyH1) are the second and third most common gyroviruses identified, respectively, after chicken anaemia virus. They were first reported in 2011 and are currently prevalent worldwide. However, limited research on these pathogens and a lack of prevention and control strategies have necessitated the establishment of a rapid diagnostic technique to address new challenges in infectious diseases. Recombinase acid amplification (RAA) combined with CRISPR - Cas12a or CRISPR - Cas13a technology has major advantages for highly sensitive and rapid diagnosis. Specific targets can activate CRISPR-Cas trans-cleavage activity, resulting in non-specific cleavage of single-stranded DNA by the CRISPR - Cas12a complex and RNA cleavage by the CRISPR - Cas13a complex. In this study, for the first time, we combined RAA-based CRISPR - Cas12a and CRISPR - Cas13a systems for simultaneous differential diagnosis of GyG1 and GyH1 infection. The results showed that dual fluorescence channel RAA-based CRISPR - Cas12a/Cas13a technology could detect GyG1 and GyH1 within one hour, with a minimum detection limit of 1.5 copies of the target DNA standard/µL and no cross-reactivity with other avian pathogens. In addition, this method could be used for clinical detection, with the results exhibiting high consistency with those obtained by qPCR. These findings demonstrate that our RAA-based CRISPR - Cas12a/Cas13a dual-channel detection system can detect two different subtypes of gyrovirus in a sample with good specificity and high sensitivity, improving the detection efficiency and providing a new technique for the study of viral infection dynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":23747,"journal":{"name":"Virulence","volume":"16 1","pages":"2521012"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144369303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasmids of two novel incompatibility groups IncFII_pPROV114-NR and Inc_pCHS4.1-3 from <i>Providencia</i>.","authors":"Xiuhui Lu, Jiaqi He, Yali Zheng, Fangzhou Chen, Jing Luo, Kejiao Ma, Fan Yang, Peng Wang, Dongsheng Zhou, Bo Gao, Zhe Yin","doi":"10.1080/21505594.2025.2512034","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21505594.2025.2512034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study presents the genetic structure of two incompatibility (Inc) groups found in <i>Providencia</i>: the newly discovered IncFII_pPROV114-NR and the newly designated Inc_pCHS4.1-3. An extensive genomic comparison was performed on all 14 plasmids (three IncFII_pPROV114-NR plasmids and 11 Inc_pCHS4.1-3 plasmids) from <i>Providencia</i>, including 12 newly sequenced in this study and two from GenBank. Three IncFII_pPROV114-NR plasmids had similar conserved backbones but differed in accessory modules. The 11 Inc_pCHS4.1-3 plasmids fell into two groups according to differences in the conserved genes of the plasmid backbone. The accessory modules of 11 Inc_pCHS4.1-3 plasmids showed significant diversity, indicating numerous gene gains and losses, including in the Tn<i>1696-</i>related region, in Tn<i>7504</i>, in a 17.3-kb <i>sul2</i> region, and a 63.6-kb <i>bla</i>_NDM-1 region. A minimum of 45 obtained antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) were identified in 13 of the 14 plasmids, covering resistance to 14 classes of antimicrobials and heavy metals. Five new mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were identified, including In2168, In1790, Tn<i>7500</i>, Tn<i>7501</i>, and Tn<i>7502</i>. Additionally, three MGEs, Tn<i>7499</i>, Tn<i>7503</i>, and Tn<i>7504</i> were newly designated. These two Inc group plasmids integrate abundant accessory modules that allow them to accumulate and distribute ARGs and improve the survivability of <i>Providencia</i> under the pressure of drug selection.</p>","PeriodicalId":23747,"journal":{"name":"Virulence","volume":"16 1","pages":"2512034"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12184191/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144326998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Melioidosis molecular diagnostics: An update.","authors":"Prachi Gangil, Manash K Paul, Prathyoosha B, Debadrita Mondal, Sneha Kumari, P R Prasad, Vandana K E, Bharti Bisht, Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.1080/21505594.2025.2505698","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21505594.2025.2505698","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Melioidosis, a fatal tropical disease, presents a wide array of clinical manifestations, including abscesses, pneumonia, septic shock, bacteraemia, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, and skin infection. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has classified <i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i> (<i>B. pseudomallei</i>), a gram-negative bacterium found in soil, as a Tier 1 select agent. Referred to as the \"great mimicker,\" this organism can infect several organs imitating the symptoms of different illnesses. According to worldwide data, there are around 165,000 cases and 89,000 deaths annually. Current diagnostic procedures rely primarily on culturing <i>B. pseudomallei</i>, are slow and have low sensitivity, resulting in delayed treatment and higher fatality rates. This review examines the substantial difficulties related to diagnosing melioidosis in response to the urgent need for precise and prompt diagnosis. We have summarized the results of diagnostic kits that are currently sold in the market and assessed the market for melioidosis diagnostic kits.</p>","PeriodicalId":23747,"journal":{"name":"Virulence","volume":"16 1","pages":"2505698"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12169043/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144295039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging West African Genotype Chikungunya Virus in Mosquito Virome.","authors":"Pengpeng Xiao, Yujia Hao, Yuge Yuan, Wenzhou Ma, Yiquan Li, He Zhang, Nan Li","doi":"10.1080/21505594.2024.2444686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21505594.2024.2444686","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We studied the viromes of three dominant mosquito species in Wenzhou, a coastal city in Zhejiang Province, using metavirome sequencing, with 18 viral families identified. Viral sequences were verified by RT-PCR. The JEV E gene was most closely related to the 1988 Korean strain. DENV sequences were most closely related to the 1997 Australian strain. CHIKV-E1-1 was most closely related to the 1983 Senegal strain and belonged to West African genotype CHIKV. Remarkably, this is the first time that a West African genotype of CHIKV has been detected in Zhejiang Province. Mutations in the CHIKV-E1-1 protein A226V may increase infectivity in <i>Ae. albopictus</i>. Three non-conservative mutations of CHIKV-E1-1 (D45H, D70H and V290D) may have an impact on the function. In conclusion, our study reveals the diversity of mosquito-borne viruses and potential emerging outbreaks in the southeast coastal region of China, providing new perspectives for mining the ecological characterization of other important arboviruses.</p>","PeriodicalId":23747,"journal":{"name":"Virulence","volume":"16 1","pages":"2444686"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142883041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The highly pathogenic strain of porcine deltacoronavirus disrupts the intestinal barrier and causes diarrhea in newborn piglets.","authors":"Xin Yao, Wei-Hong Lu, Wen-Ting Qiao, Yu-Qian Zhang, Bao-Ying Zhang, Hui-Xin Li, Jin-Long Li","doi":"10.1080/21505594.2024.2446742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21505594.2024.2446742","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is increasingly prevalent in newborn piglets with diarrhea. With the development of research on the virus and the feasibility of PDCoV cross-species transmission, the biosafety and the development of pig industry have been greatly affected. In this study, a PDCoV strain CH/LNFX/2022 was isolated from diarrheal newborn piglets at a farm in China. A genome-wide based phylogenetic analysis suggests that 97.5% to 99.2% homology existed in the whole genomes of other strains. Five amino acid mutations are seen for the first time in the S protein. By constructing 3D models, it was found that the S1-NTD/CTD and S2-HR-C regions produced structural alterations. Protein functional analysis showed that the structural changes of the three regions changed the epitope of S protein, the O-GalNAc glycosylation site and the 3C-like protease cleavage site. In addition, oral administration of 10⁷ TCID₅₀ CH/LNFX/2022 to newborn piglets successfully reproduced obvious clinical signs of piglets, such as diarrhea and dehydration. Meanwhile, PDCoV antigen was detected by immunofluorescence in the small intestine, and microscopic lesions and intestinal mucosal barrier destruction were detected by histological observation and scanning electron microscopy. Our study confirmed that porcine coronavirus strains increased pathogenicity through evolution, damaged the intestinal barrier of newborn piglets, and caused diarrhea in pigs. This study provided the candidate strains and theoretical basis for establishing the prevention and control system of vaccine and diagnostic methods for piglet diarrhea.</p>","PeriodicalId":23747,"journal":{"name":"Virulence","volume":"16 1","pages":"2446742"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142932791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A small RNA from <i>Streptococcus suis</i> epidemic ST7 strain promotes bacterial survival in host blood and brain by enhancing oxidative stress resistance.","authors":"Zijing Liang, Shuoyue Wang, Xinchi Zhu, Jiale Ma, Huochun Yao, Zongfu Wu","doi":"10.1080/21505594.2025.2491635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21505594.2025.2491635","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Streptococcus suis</i> is a Gram-positive pathogen causing septicaemia and meningitis in pigs and humans. However, how <i>S. suis</i> maintains a high bacterial load in the blood and brain is poorly understood. In this study, we found that a small RNA rss03 is predominantly present in <i>S. suis</i>, <i>Streptococcus parasuis</i>, and <i>Streptococcus ruminantium</i>, implying a conserved biological function. rss03 with a size of 303 nt mainly exists in <i>S. suis</i> sequence type (ST) 1 and epidemic ST7 strains that are responsible for human infections in China. Using MS2-affinity purification coupled with RNA sequencing (MAPS), proteomics analysis, and CopraRNA prediction, 14 direct targets of rss03 from an ST7 strain were identified. These direct targets mainly involve substance transport, transcriptional regulation, rRNA modification, and stress response. A more detailed analysis reveals that rss03 interacts with the coding region of <i>glpF</i> mRNA, and unexpectedly rss03 protects <i>glpF</i> mRNA from degradation by RNase J1. The GlpF protein is an aquaporin, contributes to <i>S. suis</i> oxidative stress resistance by H₂O₂ efflux, and facilitates bacterial survival in murine macrophages RAW264.7. Finally, we showed that rss03 and GlpF are required to maintain a high bacterial load in mouse blood and brain. Our study presents the first sRNA targetome in streptococci, enriches the knowledge of sRNA regulation in streptococci, and identifies pathways contributing to <i>S. suis</i> pathogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23747,"journal":{"name":"Virulence","volume":"16 1","pages":"2491635"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12005413/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144037358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circulation characteristics of bat coronaviruses linked to bat ecological factors in Korea, 2021-2022.","authors":"Min Chan Kim, Seong Sik Jang, Thi Van Lo, Ji Yeong Noh, Hyun A Lim, Ha Yeon Kim, Da Young Mun, Kihyun Kim, Taek-Woo Lee, Yong Gun Choi, Sun-Woo Yoon, Dae Gwin Jeong, Sun-Sook Kim, Hye Kwon Kim","doi":"10.1080/21505594.2025.2502551","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21505594.2025.2502551","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Considering that bat ecology alterations may be linked with pathogen spillover, research on bat coronaviruses, particularly on the infection and transmission pattern among bats in relation with their ecology, is essential. We captured bats distributed in Korea from 2021 to 2022, examined coronaviruses in oral swabs, feces, urine, and ectoparasites, and were able to detect alphacoronavirus. We investigated coronaviruses, but noted no substantial differences in the body condition index in the coronavirus-positive bats. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that bat ecological factors that were significantly associated with coronavirus-positive were roost type, sample type, and bat species. Coronavirus-positive ectoparasite cases suggested additional study on the potential role of them as the viral transmission vectors or fomites. Reinfection of a different coronavirus in recaptured bats was evident, suggesting the possibility that coronavirus circulation can evade the potential protective immunity acquired from previous coronavirus infections. The present findings provide comprehensive information on the coronaviruses transmission dynamics within bat populations linked with bat ecology.</p>","PeriodicalId":23747,"journal":{"name":"Virulence","volume":"16 1","pages":"2502551"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12077446/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144021231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tamdy virus pathogenesis in immunocompetent and immunocompromised mouse models.","authors":"Mingxue Cui, Hua-Chen Zhu, Xiurong Wang, Ying Cao, Di Liu, Michael J Carr, Yi Guan, Hong Zhou, Weifeng Shi","doi":"10.1080/21505594.2025.2503457","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21505594.2025.2503457","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tamdy virus (TAMV) is one of the zoonotic tick-borne bunyaviruses that have emerged as global public health threats in recent decades. To date, however, TAMV pathogenesis remains poorly understood. In the present study, we have established different mouse infection models to enable investigation of TAMV pathogenesis. Adult BALB/c mice did not exhibit obvious clinical symptoms or signs post-TAMV infection. In contrast, adult type I interferon receptor knockout (IFNAR^-/-) A129 mice were found to be susceptible to high-doses of TAMV (6 × 10² and 6 × 10⁴ FFU) and all developed severe clinical symptoms and signs, including weight loss and immobility, and reached the euthanasia criteria at 4/5-day post-infection (dpi). Viral RNA was detected in peripheral blood and different tissues (heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, intestine, and brain) of the high-dose infected adult A129 mice, with the highest viral loads in the liver (approximately 10^8.3 copies/μL). Pathological examination also revealed severe liver damage in the high-dose infected A129 mice. In addition, the titres of TAMV-specific IgM and IgG antibodies increased rapidly 4-5 dpi. Analysis of cytokine and chemokine expression changes demonstrated that type I IFN may play an important role in the host defence against viral infection by enhancing IL-10 production. Gene ontology and KEGG analyses showed that liver injury may be associated with virus-induced expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Together, we have investigated TAMV pathogenesis using immunocompetent and immunocompromised mouse models, which will facilitate the development of TAMV-specific antivirals and vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":23747,"journal":{"name":"Virulence","volume":"16 1","pages":"2503457"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12077439/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143998572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro co-culture of <i>Fasciola hepatica</i> newly excysted juveniles (NEJs) with 3D HepG2 spheroids permits novel investigation of host-parasite interactions.","authors":"Aiste Vitkauskaite, Emma McDermott, Richard Lalor, Carolina De Marco Verissimo, Mahshid H Dehkordi, Kerry Thompson, Peter Owens, Howard Oliver Fearnhead, John Pius Dalton, Nichola Eliza Davies Calvani","doi":"10.1080/21505594.2025.2482159","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21505594.2025.2482159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Fasciola hepatica</i>, or liver fluke, causes fasciolosis in humans and livestock. Following ingestion of vegetation contaminated with encysted parasites, metacercariae, newly excysted juveniles (NEJ) excyst in the small intestine and cross the intestinal wall. After penetrating the liver, the parasite begins an intra-parenchymal migratory and feeding phase that not only drives their rapid growth and development but also causes extensive haemorrhaging and immune pathology. Studies on infection are hindered by the difficulty in accessing these microscopic juvenile parasites <i>in vivo</i>. Thus, a simple and scalable <i>in vitro</i> culture system for parasite development is needed. Here, we find that two-dimensional (2D) culture systems using cell monolayers support NEJ growth to a limited extent. By contrast, co-culture of <i>F. hepatica</i> NEJ with HepG2-derived 3D spheroids, or \"mini-livers,\" that more closely mimic the physiology and microenvironment of <i>in vivo</i> liver tissue, promoted NEJ survival, growth, and development. NEJ grazed on the peripheral cells of the spheroids, and they released temporally regulated digestive cysteine proteases, FhCL3, and FhCL1/2, similar to <i>in vivo</i> parasites. The 3D co-culture induced development of the NEJ gut and body musculature, and stimulated the tegument to elaborate spines and a variety of surface sensory/tango/chemoreceptor papillae (termed S1, S2, and S3); these were especially pronounced around the oral and ventral suckers that sense host chemical cues and secure the parasite in tissue. HepG2 3D spheroid/parasite co-culture methodologies should accelerate investigations into the understanding of <i>F. hepatica</i> NEJ developmental biology and studies on host-parasite interactions, and streamline the search for new anti-parasite interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23747,"journal":{"name":"Virulence","volume":"16 1","pages":"2482159"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11938319/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143711454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Future disease burden due to the rise of emerging infectious disease secondary to climate change may be being under-estimated.","authors":"Paul R Hunter","doi":"10.1080/21505594.2025.2501243","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21505594.2025.2501243","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23747,"journal":{"name":"Virulence","volume":"16 1","pages":"2501243"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12077452/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144002258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}