Veterinary parasitology最新文献

{"title":"Feasibility of implementing RPA coupled with CRISPR-Cas12a (RPA-Cas12a) for Hepatozoon canis detection in dogs","authors":"Suphaporn Paenkaew ,&nbsp;Anocha Poommouang ,&nbsp;Waranee Pradit ,&nbsp;Siriwadee Chomdej ,&nbsp;Korakot Nganvongpanit ,&nbsp;Puntita Siengdee ,&nbsp;Kittisak Buddhachat","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hepatozoonosis, caused by the protozoan <em>Hepatozoon canis</em>, is a prevalent blood disease affecting owned and stray dogs and cats. The prevalence of these parasites among companion animals in Thailand remains poorly understood. Diagnosing the old-world form of the disease is challenging due to the wide range of nonspecific clinical signs and the reliance on finding low levels of <em>Hepatozoon</em> gamonts in blood smears for conventional diagnosis. PCR demonstrates high specificity and sensitivity but it requires sophisticated instrumentation. Therefore, we established recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) coupled with Cas12a for <em>H. canis</em> detection based on 18S rRNA. Our findings showed that RPA-Cas12a using gRNA_H was highly specific to <em>H. canis</em>, without yielding positives for other pathogen species including Babesia species. Even in cases of co-infection, RPA-Cas12a only detected positives in samples containing <em>H. canis</em>. This approach detected minimal amounts of <em>H. canis</em>18S rRNA-harboring plasmid at 10 copies per reaction, whereas plasmid-spiked canine blood enabled detection at a minimal amount of 100 copies per reaction. The performance of RPA-Cas12a was validated by comparing it with quantitative PCR-high resolution melting analysis (qPCR-HRM) and sequencing based on 35 canine blood samples. RPA-Cas12a demonstrated precision and accuracy values of 94 % and 90 %, respectively comparable to qPCR-HRM. Overall, these results indicate that RPA-Cas12a serves as a promising tool for <em>H. canis</em> detection as indicated by comparable performance to qPCR-HRM and is suitable for implementation in small animal hospitals or clinics due to its minimal resource requirements, thereby contributing to effective diagnosis and treatment for infected dogs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 110298"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142098060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and preliminary study of the rLiNTPDase2 rapid test: A lateral flow immunochromatographic assay for Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis","authors":"Raissa Barbosa de Castro ,&nbsp;Luma Salgado Leopoldino ,&nbsp;João Victor Badaró de Moraes ,&nbsp;Gustavo Costa Bressan ,&nbsp;Raphael de Souza Vasconcellos ,&nbsp;Evandro Silva Favarato ,&nbsp;Fabiana Azevedo Voorwald ,&nbsp;Juliana Lopes Rangel Fietto","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis (CVL) is the most fatal form of <em>Leishmania</em> infection in dogs and is caused by <em>L. infantum</em> in the Americas. This parasite follows a zoonotic life cycle, raising concerns within domestic households, where dogs act as the primary reservoir of the parasite. Accurately detecting infected dogs is vital for effective epidemiological control in both canine and human populations. However, existing diagnostic methods in Brazil have limitations, particularly in detecting asymptomatic and oligosymptomatic dogs, leading to ineffective disease control. To address this challenge, we evaluated a novel recombinant antigen from <em>L. infantum</em>, the rLiNTPDase2. Previous studies have confirmed its high performance via ELISA, leading us to assess its suitability for a Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Assay (LFIA), which is ideal for point-of-care testing. Standardization of the assay involved testing two nitrocellulose membranes (HF135 and HF120, Millipore), three blocking protocols, and five sample dilutions (1:10, 1:20, 1:40, 1:80, and 1:160). Following the chosen conditions (HF120 membrane, 1-minute blocking protocol, and 1:80 sample dilution), we validated our assay with a sample size of 78 dogs, comprising 32 negatives and 46 positives, including symptomatic (n=23), oligosymptomatic (n=17), and asymptomatic (n=6) cases. The results revealed a sensitivity of 86.9 %, specificity of 62.5 %, and accuracy of 76.9 %, which is consistent with ELISA performance for the same samples. Compared to DPP-LVC, our assay demonstrated promising results in detecting asymptomatic and oligosymptomatic cases. This study underscores the suitability of the rLiNTPDase2 antigen for the LFIA format, suggesting its potential as a novel point-of-care diagnostic test for CVL.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 110299"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142128255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Auranofin is lethal against feline Tritrichomonas foetus in vitro but ineffective in cats with naturally occurring infection","authors":"Jody L. Gookin ,&nbsp;Mark G. Papich ,&nbsp;Elisa K. Meier ,&nbsp;Jeffrey Enders ,&nbsp;Stephen H. Stauffer ,&nbsp;Erica E. Wassack ,&nbsp;Gigi S. Davidson","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Protozoal diarrhea caused by <em>Tritrichomonas foetus (blagburni)</em> is a prevalent, lifelong, and globally distributed burden in domestic cats. Treatment is limited to the use of 5-nitroimidazoles and treatment failure is common. The repurposed gold salt compound auranofin has killing activity against diverse protozoa in vitro but evidence of efficacy in naturally occurring protozoal infections is lacking. This exploratory study investigated the efficacy and safety of auranofin for treatment of cats with naturally occurring, 5-nitroimidazole-resistant, <em>T. foetus</em> infection. The minimum lethal concentration (MLC) of auranofin against 5 isolates of feline <em>T. foetus</em> was determined under aerobic conditions in vitro. Healthy cats and cats with <em>T. foetus</em> infection were treated with immediate release auranofin (range, 0.5–3 mg/cat for 7 days) or guar gum-coated auranofin capsules (0.5 or 3 mg/cat for 7 days). Adverse effects were monitored by clinical signs and clinicopathologic testing. Efficacy was determined by fecal consistency score, bowel movement frequency, and single-tube nested PCR of feces for <em>T. foetus</em> rDNA. Fecal samples were assayed for concentrations of auranofin, known and predicted metabolites of auranofin, gold containing molecules, and total gold content using HPLC, LC-MS, ion mobility-MS, and ICP-MS, respectively. Auranofin was effective at killing isolates of feline <em>T. foetus</em> at MLC ≥ 1 μg/ml. Treatment of cats with <em>T. foetus</em> infection with either immediate release auranofin or a colon-targeted guar gum-coated tablet of auranofin did not eradicate infection. Treatment failure occurred despite fecal concentrations of gold that met or exceeded the equivalent MLC of auranofin. Neither auranofin, known or predicted metabolites of auranofin, nor any gold-containing molecules &gt;100 Da could be detected in fecal samples of treated cats. Adverse effects associated with auranofin treatment were common but minor. These studies identify that in vitro susceptibility test results of auranofin may not translate to treatment effectiveness in vivo even when achieving gold concentrations equivalent to the MLC of auranofin in the target environment. These studies further establish the absence of any predicted or unpredicted gold containing metabolites in feces after oral administration of auranofin.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 110295"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142117411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peptide-based immunoprotection against Rhipicephalus microplus tick","authors":"Renato Andreotti ,&nbsp;Marcos Valério Garcia ,&nbsp;Jacqueline Cavalcante Barros ,&nbsp;Leandra Marla Oshiro ,&nbsp;Namor Pinheiro Zimmermann ,&nbsp;Leandro de Oliveira Souza Higa ,&nbsp;Pâmella Oliveira Duarte ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Casquero Cunha","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The main agents for tick control are chemical acaricides. However, when used without technical guidance, they can lead to environmental damage and the development of resistant tick strains. In this context, vaccines are alternative o be used in integrated tick management format by combining with other effective tools. We isolated RNA from ticks <em>Rhipicephalus microplus</em>, prepared the library, and performed next-generation sequencing; a pipeline analysis was applied to identify the hypothetical proteins having immunogenic potential and their predicted immunogenic peptides. Twelve peptides, ranging from 12 to 38 amino acid residues, containing the selected epitopes from different targets were selected and synthesized in two forms: the pure peptide; and the peptide conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) carrier. These peptides were divided into two groups of six peptides each. The antigen formulations (groups 1 and 2) were prepared with conjugated peptides containing 200 µg of each peptide per dose emulsified with Montanide ISA 61VG (SEPPIC); the control treatment had the adjuvant formulation without peptides (group 3). To evaluate the protective efficacy, 15 weaned male calves (Angus breed) aged around 6 months to one year and weighing approximately 200–250 kg were divided into three groups of five animals each; they were immunized thrice, at an interval of 28 days. After immunization, all the calves infested with 15,000 larvae of <em>Rhipicephalus microplus.</em> Peptide epitopes were recognized by antibodies against host-specific IgGs using indirect ELISA. The mean of the antibody level was determined for each group and compared using analysis of variance with two factors (ANOVA). F-test was used to determine the significance of differences observed between the groups. The percentage efficacy was calculated based on the number of ticks, the weight of teleoginas, and the weight and hatchability of the eggs, compared to that in the control group. The evaluation of immunoprotection indicated efficacies of 69 and 51 %, respectively in Group 1 and 2.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"332 ","pages":"Article 110294"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142156115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of acaricidal activity in entomopathogenic fungi for poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) control","authors":"A.-Tai Truong ,&nbsp;Mi-Sun Yoo ,&nbsp;Soo Dong Woo ,&nbsp;Heungsik Lee ,&nbsp;Youngjin Park ,&nbsp;Thi-Thu Nguyen ,&nbsp;So Youn Youn ,&nbsp;Subin Min ,&nbsp;Jiyeon Lim ,&nbsp;Soon-Seek Yoon ,&nbsp;Yun Sang Cho","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The poultry red mite (PRM), <em>Dermanyssus gallinae,</em> significantly impacts the health of egg-laying hens. Mites feed on the blood of infested chickens and have a great economic impact on the poultry industry. Chemical treatment of mites raises concerns about their resistance to miticides and residues in eggs and poultry. Biocontrol using entomopathogenic fungi is expected to be a chemical-free strategy for reducing PRM infestations. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of various entomopathogenic fungal species collected in South Korea on the inhibition of PRM. Seventeen strains of six fungal species collected from various sources were used to evaluate acaricidal activity against PRM. The results showed that 16/17 strains had acaricidal properties against PRM, of which strains of <em>Metarhizium anisopliae</em> had the highest acaricidal activity. Mites treated with <em>M. anisopliae</em> CBNU 4–2 showed 100 % mortality 5 d after inoculation, followed by <em>M. flavoviride</em> var. <em>pemphigi</em>. The <em>M. flavoviride</em> var. <em>pemphigi</em> CBNU 1–1–1 showed 97.78 % mortality after 10 d of exposure to fungi. The mortality rate of PRM treated with other strains slowly increased and reached its highest value on the 14th day of inoculation. The results of this study provide information on the acaricidal activity of different entomopathogenic fungi against PRM. This information is important for the selection of fungal species for developing biocontrol methods for PRM treatment. These strains could be used for further evaluation of PRM treatment on chicken farms, or in combination with other methods, to increase PRM treatment efficiency.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 110292"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030440172400181X/pdfft?md5=239ac479b8b60191499ffea04e6772f2&pid=1-s2.0-S030440172400181X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142088514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acaricidal potential of essential oils on Rhipicephalus linnaei: Alternatives and prospects","authors":"Raiany Borges Duarte ,&nbsp;Kariana Ribeiro de Lima ,&nbsp;Zara Mariana de Assis-Silva ,&nbsp;Dirceu Guilherme de Souza Ramos ,&nbsp;Caio Márcio de Oliveira Monteiro ,&nbsp;Ísis Assis Braga","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The acaricidal potential of various essential oils (EOs) has been evaluated based on their benefits in tick control. This study aimed to investigate the tick-killing activity of <em>Pogostemon cablin</em> “patchouli,” <em>Cymbopogon martinii</em> “palmarosa,” and <em>Cymbopogon flexuosus</em> “lemongrass” EOs on <em>Rhipicephalus linnaei.</em> Engorged females were collected from domiciled and non-domiciled dogs from Jataí city, Goiás state, to obtain larvae and nymphs in a controlled environment. Two commercial EOs brands were used in this study in different EOs concentrations (2.5, 5, 10, and 20 mg/mL), and was tested by immersion of larvae and nymphs. In the <em>in vitro</em> evaluation of EOs toxicity against <em>R. linnaei</em> larvae, 100 % mortality was achieved with 10 mg/mL of <em>P. cablin</em> oil, whereas mortality rates greater than 98 % were observed with 20 mg/mL of <em>C. martinii</em> and <em>C. flexuosus</em>. In nymphs, high sensitivity was observed, with 100 % mortality achieved using 5 mg/mL of <em>P. cablin</em> and 20 mg/mL of <em>C. martinii</em> and <em>C. flexuosus</em>. The EO of <em>P. cablin</em> “patchouli” demonstrated <em>in vitro</em> toxicity at a lower concentration than the other oils in the two development stages of <em>R. linnaei</em>, and was considered the most efficient and with verified acaricidal activity. Oils of <em>C. martinii</em> “palmarosa” and <em>C. flexuosus</em> “lemongrass” achieved mortality greater than 95 % in larvae and nymphs only at the highest concentration. Therefore, the acaricidal effects of the tested EOs are promising, especially of patchouli oil, which promoted high mortality at a low concentration (LC₉₀ of 2.21 mg/mL).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 110291"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142076503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traditional Chinese medicine formulation ChangQing compound has significant therapeutic effects on chickens infected with Eimeria tenella","authors":"Peng Du ,&nbsp;Jiajia Yang ,&nbsp;Wanjiang Xiang ,&nbsp;Ying Chen ,&nbsp;Xin Wen ,&nbsp;Naixiu Wang ,&nbsp;Simei Xian ,&nbsp;Bi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110293","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Coccidiosis poses a significant challenge to the poultry industry. However, the excessive and improper use of anticoccidial drugs and vaccines has led to resistance and food safety concerns. Consequently, traditional Chinese herbs have garnered attention as a potentially safer and more effective alternative. ChangQing compound derived from various Chinese herbal medicines is a promising anticoccidiosis agent, but its therapeutic effects have not been comprehensively evaluated. This study aimed to assess the therapeutic efficacy of ChangQing Compound against <em>Eimeria tenella</em>-induced coccidiosis in chickens on the basis of physiological indicators, cecum lesions, and changes in microbial diversity. The comparison with the positive control group revealed the average weight gain (AWG) and anticoccidial index (ACI) of the chicks were significantly higher, in contrast, the feed conversion ratio (FCR), cecal lesion score (CLS), and oocyst count per gram of cecal content (OPG) were significantly lower (P&lt;0.05). Notably, AWG (138.87 g), OPG (0.57 × 10⁶), ACI (177.92), and FCR (2.51) reflected the significant therapeutic effect of the 2.5 g/L ChangQing compound treatment (CQM). Histological sections showed that the cecal villus damage and intestinal wall swelling were minimal in the CQM, consistent with the CLS (0.73). Additionally, the 2.5 g/L ChangQing compound treatment effectively prevented the decrease of red blood cells, platelets, and hemoglobin, while promoting the release of anti-inflammatory factors interleukin-10 and interleukin-4, and inhibiting the pro-inflammatory factors interferon-γ and interleukin-17. The microbial community structure in the CQM was most similar to that of the negative control group. In summary, ChangQing compound had multiple positive effects (e.g., promoting weight gain, alleviating anemia, suppressing coccidial proliferation, reducing intestinal damage, modulating immunity, and maintaining intestinal microbiota homeostasis). The study results may be relevant to developing a novel strategy for the clinical management of coccidiosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 110293"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142098058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tick fever agents in Holstein calves grazing in a tropical region: predisposing factors, impact on milk production, productivity, and role of Rhipicephalus microplus in epidemiology","authors":"Igor Maciel Lopes de Moraes ,&nbsp;Pedro Henrique Amancio Afonso ,&nbsp;Vanessa Ferreira Salvador ,&nbsp;Luccas Lourenzzo Lima Lins Leal ,&nbsp;Alliny Souza de Assis Cavalcante ,&nbsp;Luiz Fellipe Monteiro Couto ,&nbsp;Luciana Maffini Heller ,&nbsp;Gabriel Lopes Tamiozo ,&nbsp;Dina Maria Beltrán Zapa ,&nbsp;Vando Edésio Soares ,&nbsp;Lorena Lopes Ferreira ,&nbsp;Welber Daniel Zanetti Lopes","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study aimed to evaluate under dairy farm conditions the predisposing factors, impact on milk production and productivity, and the role of <em>Rhipicephalus microplus</em> in the epidemiology of tick fever agents in Holstein calves grazing in a tropical region. A total of 4292 pure female Holsteins were evaluated at a commercial farm. Until April 2020, calves had contact with <em>R. microplus</em> for between 3 and 24 months, while after April 2020, no animal had further contact with ticks. Three times a week the rectal temperature (RT) of all animals was determined, and blood samples were collected for evaluation of tick fever (TF) agents from those that showed RT &gt;39.3 °C. Specific treatment was performed against <em>Anaplasma marginale</em>, <em>Babesia bigemina</em> and <em>Babesia bovis</em> when these TF agents were diagnosed in the blood smears. The number of relapses and treatments for TF agents were sub-classified into scales (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7–10 treatments or relapses, and animals that received blood transfusions). Within each sub-class, the health data of calves during lactation along with productivity data were analyzed. Based in the results, whether an animal received colostrum enriched with powdered colostrum substitute, whether the animal was an embryo transfer calf, and the weight at which each calf was weaned were ascertained as factors leading to more recurrences or treatments against TF agents in post-weaned calves. On average, each recurrence of TF agents that a heifer presented between three and seven months decreased milk production by 213.5 liters in the first lactation. Calves that received a blood transfusion had lower milk production at first lactation; lower weight at first fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI); older age at first FTAI; older age at first, second, and third calving; and delayed age at third calving by 140 days compared to the farm average. <em>R. microplus</em> was the main agent causing clinical cases of TF on the farm, and 10,770 treatments against TF agents were carried out when calves aged between three and seven months had contact with this tick species (2018 and 2019). When the animals no longer had contact with ticks (2022 and 2023), there were no recurrences or treatments against TF agents despite the presence on the farm of <em>S. calcitrans</em>, which can maintain the transmission of <em>A. marginale</em> to the herd.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 110290"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141996607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vivo anthelmintic activity of Combretum mucronatum schumach & Thonn leaf extract against Haemonchus contortus in goats","authors":"François Ngnodandi François Ngnodandi Belga ,&nbsp;Marie-Kristin Raulf ,&nbsp;Verena Spiegler ,&nbsp;Eva Liebau ,&nbsp;Andreas Hensel ,&nbsp;Christina Strube ,&nbsp;Dieudonné Ndjonka","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110288","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110288","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Parasitic infections with gastrointestinal nematodes are a serious problem for the health and welfare of domestic animals and negatively affect the economics of animal production. <em>Haemonchus contortus</em> is a haematophagous nematode of small ruminants responsible for significant mortality and morbidity. In addition, the widespread resistance to synthetic anthelmintic drugs emphasizes the urgent need of alternative treatment options against haemonchosis. This work aims to investigate the anthelmintic activity of an hydroethanolic <em>Combretum mucronatum</em> leaf extract (CMLE) against <em>Haemonchus contortus</em> in goats. Goats were artificially infected with 3500 third-stage larvae of <em>H. contortus</em>, and 21 days later, treated with CMLE (1000, 500, 250 mg/kg) for 4 consecutive days. Different parameters such as faecal egg count reduction, weight and haematocrit were monitored during the experimental period. The number of eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) was concentration-depended lower and significantly reduced compared to the untreated control (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001). The effect of the highest CMLE dose (4 ×1000 mg/kg body weight) was similar to the effect of albendazole (1 ×5 mg/kg of body weight). The ED₅₀ and ED₉₀ values calculated were 189.17 and 392.33 mg/kg body weight respectively. ED₅₀ and ED₉₀ values were time-dependent. Moreover, CMLE improved haematocrit and weight of goats in dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. These results showed that CMLE could be used for haemonchosis treatment in small ruminants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 110288"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304401724001778/pdfft?md5=78b12a21a403b559569ff6362c1063f7&pid=1-s2.0-S0304401724001778-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142044448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Haemonchus contortus alters distribution and utilization of protein and amino acids in different tissues of host sheep","authors":"Hai Xiang ,&nbsp;Bao Zhao ,&nbsp;Yi Fang ,&nbsp;Linshu Jiang ,&nbsp;Rongzhen Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The objective was to determine host animal protein/amino acid redistribution and use among the abomasum, duodenum and muscle of sheep infected with <em>Haemonchus contortus</em>. Sixteen male Ujumqin sheep (32.4 ± 3.9 kg) were dewormed and randomly assigned to two groups, infected or not infected with <em>H. contortus</em> (GIN and CON). The GIN group had lower (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) dry matter intake, average daily gain, and live body weight than CON, with extensive focal infiltration of lymphocytes in the lamina propria and bottom of the abomasal epithelium. In the abomasum and duodenum, there were 100 and 220 genes, respectively, that were up-regulated, whereas 56 and 149 were down-regulated. In the abomasum, the most enriched KEGG pathways were related to immunity and inflammation reaction, including: viral protein interaction with cytokine and cytokine receptor (<em>P</em> = 0.017), influenza A (<em>P</em> = 0.030), IL-17 signaling pathway (<em>P</em> = 0.030). In the duodenum, KEGG pathways were more enriched in nutrient metabolism, including pancreatic secretion (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), protein digestion and absorption (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), graft-versus-host disease (<em>P</em> = 0.004). Furthermore, most genes related with the above KEGG pathways were increased in the abomasum but decreased in the duodenum. Amino acid profiles in abomasum and duodenum of CON and GIN groups were clustered in a partial least-squares discriminant analysis model, with significant changes in 36 and 19 metabolites in abomasal and duodenal chyme, respectively. Further confirmed by transcriptome-targeted metabolome association analysis, GIN mainly enhanced metabolism of arginine and sulphur amino acids in abomasum and those metabolic pathways were associated. Meanwhile, GIN mainly decreased pyruvate related amino acid metabolism in duodenum. Moreover, concentrations of Arg (<em>P</em> = 0.036), His (<em>P</em> = 0.027), and Cys (<em>P</em> = 0.046) in longissimus thoracis et lumborum were decreased in GIN, whereas concentrations of Gly (<em>P</em> = 0.012) and Ala (<em>P</em> = 0.046) were increased. In conclusion, <em>H. contortus</em> enhanced metabolism of arginine and sulphur amino acids in the abomasum; decreased pyruvate metabolism in the duodenum; and drove more protein/amino acids for abomasal tissues to resist physical and immune damage, reducing protein and amino acids in duodenum and muscle for support host growth. Specific nutrients (such like arginine, histidine, and cysteine) may play important role in control gastrointestinal nematode infection for ruminant.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 110289"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142020442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}