Veterinary parasitology最新文献

{"title":"Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis infections and impact on growth performance of Churra Galega Mirandesa lambs","authors":"Mariana Louro ,&nbsp;Zita Ruano ,&nbsp;João Lozano ,&nbsp;Adriana Györke ,&nbsp;Georgiana Deak ,&nbsp;Isabel Pereira da Fonseca ,&nbsp;Jacinto Gomes","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110585","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110585","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Cryptosporidium</em> spp. and <em>Giardia duodenalis</em> are important protozoan parasites that impair the health and growth of lambs, leading to productivity losses in sheep production systems. Understanding their impact is essential for developing effective management strategies to improve lamb health. This study investigates the infection rate and molecular characterization of <em>Cryptosporidium</em> spp. and <em>G. duodenalis</em> in lambs of the Churra Galega Mirandesa breed in Portugal, as well as their influence on average daily weight gain (ADWG). A total of 91 lambs living in 19 farms were examined, revealing infection rates of 51.6 % (47/91) for <em>Cryptosporidium</em> spp. and 17.6 % (16/91) for <em>G. duodenalis</em>. Molecular analysis identified five <em>Cryptosporidium</em> species (<em>C. parvum</em>, <em>C. bovis</em>, <em>C. xiaoi</em>, <em>C. ryanae</em>, and <em>C. ubiquitum</em>), with <em>C. parvum</em> being predominant, alongside two genotypes (IIaA15G2R1 and IIdA21G1), and <em>G. duodenalis</em> assemblage E. Diagnostic methods demonstrated that PCR was superior in detecting these protozoa compared to traditional microscopy techniques. Protozoan infections were associated with reduced ADWG in lambs, with statistically significant effects observed for <em>Cryptosporidium</em> spp. (p-value = 0.001). Cohabitation with cattle also significantly reduced ADWG, suggesting potential cross-species transmission. These findings highlight the importance of targeted control measures within a One Health framework and contribute to the understanding of the epidemiology and molecular diversity of these protozoan infections in lambs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 110585"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144913981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of Astragalus polysaccharide nanoemulsion efficacy against Clinostomid metacercariae in Nile Tilapia","authors":"Mai A. Salem ,&nbsp;Olfat A. Mahdy ,&nbsp;Fady Sayed Youssef ,&nbsp;Mohamed S. Kamel ,&nbsp;Reem M. Ramadan","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110584","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110584","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herein, we present the development of a novel plant-based nanotechnology strategy employing <em>Astragalus</em> polysaccharide nanoemulsion (APS-NE) to combat clinostomid excysted metacercariae, metacercarial parasites of major global public health concern. A survey conducted between January and August 2024 on 200 Nile tilapia (<em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>) from Giza, Egypt, revealed a high prevalence of encysted metacercariae infection (43.50 %; 87/200). Morphological and molecular analyses (targeting the cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene) confirmed <em>the presence of Clinostomum phalacrocoracis</em> and <em>Euclinostomum heterostomum</em> (99–100 % sequence identity). The APS-NE was characterized by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering, which demonstrated well-dispersed nanoemulsions (average size 75.6 nm; polydispersity index (PDI) 0.04; zeta potential −35 mV), indicating robust colloidal stability. <em>In vitro</em> assays revealed a dose- and time-dependent increase in excysted metacercariae mortality. Specifically, <em>Clinostomum</em> spp. mortality increased from 5 % at 0.01 % concentration after 10 min to 100 % at 1 % within 1 h, with lethal concentration 50 % (LC₅₀) values decreasing from 0.488 % to 0.013 %. <em>Euclinostomum</em> spp. exhibited even greater sensitivity, with LC₅₀ values ranging from 0.396 % to 0.004 %. Statistical analysis confirmed significant differences in mortality across concentrations and timepoints (Chi-square, p &lt; 0.05). Ultrastructural damage, including tegumental rupture and sucker edema, was visualized using scanning electron microscopy. Comet assays revealed significant DNA fragmentation in the treated worms. For example, the percentage of DNA in the tail increased from merely 6 % to approximately 12 % for <em>Clinostomum</em> spp., and from approximately 9 % to over 25 % for <em>Euclinostomum</em> spp. (p ≤ 0.05), comparable to praziquantel. Molecular docking simulations revealed strong binding affinities of APS to parasite mitochondrial enzymes (e.g., <em>Euclinostomum</em> cytochrome c oxidase: −8.59 kcal/mol), supporting the proposed mechanism of action. These findings represent the first <em>in vitro</em> evaluation of APS nanoemulsions against excysted metacercariae of <em>Clinostomum</em> and <em>Euclinostomum</em>, underscoring their promising potential for targeted parasite control. However, comprehensive <em>in vivo</em> and ecotoxicological studies are essential to validate their therapeutic efficacy and establish their feasibility for large-scale implementation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 110584"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144890826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trichinella meat inspection by the compression method - First proficiency test","authors":"Sasa Vasilev ,&nbsp;Branko Suvajdzic ,&nbsp;Ivan Vicic ,&nbsp;Ivana Mitic ,&nbsp;Dragan Vasilev","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110583","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110583","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In some countries, like Serbia, trichinellosis is one of the most important foodborne zoonotic parasitic diseases. The local authority in Serbia requires laboratory staff performing official controls on meat to be properly trained and participate regularly in proficiency testing for the detection of <em>Trichinella</em> larvae in meat by the magnetic stirrer method (MSM), organized by National Reference Laboratory for <em>Trichinella.</em> However, as in other countries in the world (in South America, Africa, and Asia), in Serbia, the compression method for detection of <em>Trichinella</em> larvae during meat testing is also in use. In spite of that, there is no described proficiency test (PT) for veterinarians who use this method. This study presents data for PT providers on how to produce samples for PT panels for the compression method. Performance results obtained by selected official laboratories from Serbia in this first PT at national level for the compression method are also shown. Results suggest that: 1) the method suggested produces sufficient quantity of homogeneous samples of suitable quality for compression PT panels, and 2) Serbian veterinarians who participated in this first Serbian PT for the compression method show suitable competence and good performance in testing the PT samples by the compression method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 110583"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144886965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid visual detection of Moniezia spp. in sheep feces via Recombinase Polymerase Amplification-Lateral Flow Dipstick (RPA-LFD) assay","authors":"Shaohua Zhang ,&nbsp;Yeping Zhao ,&nbsp;Weijia Liang ,&nbsp;Shuai Wang ,&nbsp;Xiu Cui ,&nbsp;Haohan Zhu ,&nbsp;Yueyue Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaolei Liu ,&nbsp;Huimin Li ,&nbsp;Wenjie Mu ,&nbsp;Aijiang Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110582","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110582","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Monieziasis is a prevalent issue in small ruminant husbandry, primarily caused by <em>Moniezia expansa</em> and <em>M. benedeni</em> in China. There is a critical need for highly sensitive methods for disease surveillance and prevention. In this study, we developed a visual assay combining recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) with a lateral flow strip (RPA-LFD) for the rapid detection of <em>Moniezia</em> spp. in sheep fecal samples. Seven primer/probe sets were designed based on a specific fragment of the <em>M. expansa β-tubulin</em> gene (<em>MTUB</em>). The RPA-LFD assay performed optimally under reaction conditions of 39 ℃ for 15 min, with a primer-to-probe ratio of 4:0.6. The optimized method demonstrated high specificity for <em>Moniezia</em> spp., with no cross-reactivity with genomic DNA from other common gastrointestinal parasites in ruminant livestock. The detection limit was 10 copies/μL of plasmid DNA or 10 pg/μL of <em>M. expansa</em> genomic DNA per reaction. When compared to PCR using clinical and sheep-simulated samples, the RPA-LFD assay exhibited equivalent detection capability, achieving 95.7 % consistency (K value = 0.939, p &lt; 0.001). These results suggest that the RPA-LFD method is a reliable and portable diagnostic tool for routine screening, monitoring, and rapid confirmation of monieziasis in sheep flocks, particularly in endemic areas and remote regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 110582"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144878831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural acaricides against Hyalomma tick species: A review of efficacy, mechanisms and applications in integrated pest management","authors":"Mourad Ben Said ,&nbsp;Myriam Kratou ,&nbsp;Hanène Belkahia","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing occurrence of <em>Hyalomma</em> ticks, especially <em>H. scupense</em>, <em>H. anatolicum</em>, <em>H. marginatum</em> and <em>H. dromedarii</em>, poses a serious threat to livestock health and production, prompting research on innovative tick control strategies. Hence, this review explores the efficacy of natural acaricides as a green alternative to synthetic acaricides. Several recent studies have demonstrated promising acaricidal activity, particularly of plant-derived essential oils and extracts, against these <em>Hyalomma</em> species. In this reviex, we examine the active ingredients, testing methods, and overall efficacy of such natural products in controlling tick infestations. The review underscores the need to close existing research gaps, including the importance of <em>in vivo</em> studies, long-term efficacy evaluations, and exploration of the mechanisms of action of these natural acaricides. In addition, the use of natural compounds that are not harmful to non-target organisms and the environment is discussed, as they have ecologically beneficial effects. Despite these advances, standardized protocols for evaluating natural acaricides and assessing their integration into existing tick management programs remain underdeveloped. This review highlights the potential of natural acaricides in livestock health and its correlation with ecological issues, emphasizing the need for sustainable tick management through these innovative strategies that warrant further investigation and development to control ticks of this genus.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 110580"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144886964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ancylostoma caninum and Uncinaria stenocephala hookworms: Morphological and molecular differentiation and epidemiological data in Southern Italy","authors":"Renata Fagundes-Moreira ,&nbsp;Marcos Antonio Bezerra-Santos ,&nbsp;Mario Henrique Alves ,&nbsp;Natalizia Palazzo ,&nbsp;Riccardo Paolo Lia ,&nbsp;Jairo Alfonso Mendoza-Roldan ,&nbsp;Jan Šlapeta ,&nbsp;Domenico Otranto","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110581","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110581","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Ancylostoma caninum</em> and <em>Uncinaria stenocephala</em> are the most prevalent canine hookworms worldwide, both having veterinary and public health importance. Considering the emergence of anthelmintic resistance in <em>A. caninum</em> and the inefficacy of milbemycin oxime against <em>U. stenocephala</em>, the accurate diagnosis is essential, especially in areas where they occur in sympatry. Here, we differentiated hookworm species in naturally infected dogs from southern Italy, using coproculture and morphometric analysis of third-stage larvae (L3) and eggs, along with molecular characterization. Dog fecal samples (<em>n</em> = 278) from Basilicata and Apulia regions were screened, with 39.2 % testing positive for hookworm eggs. Two coproculture protocols (incubation at 15–18 °C and 21°C) were applied. Morphologically, <em>U. stenocephala</em> (<em>n</em> = 682) and <em>A. caninum</em> (<em>n</em> = 159) larvae exhibited similar dimensions (mean body length of 582.7 µm ± 39.5; width of 28.8 µm ± 2.7; and mean body length: 584.2 µm ± 39.5; width: 29.0 µm ± 2.9, respectively), with 32 well-defined intestinal cells in the first species and denser lipid granules that hindered cell visualization, in the latter. Egg morphometry supported species identification for <em>U. stenocephala</em> (83.5 µm ± 6.3 µm and 45.9 µm ± 5.3 µm) and <em>A. caninum</em> (61.5 µm ± 19–44 µm ± 8.4 µm). Molecular analysis based on the 18S rRNA gene and ITS-1 fragment confirmed the species, with sequences showing 98–99 % nucleotide identity. Moreover, <em>U. stenocephala</em> was more prevalent (85.1 %; 74/87) than <em>A. caninum</em> (26.4 %; 23/87), including coinfections (11.5 %). This study shows the value of morphological identification for the diagnosis of canine hookworms in co-endemic areas, with direct implications for treatment decisions and parasitic surveillance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 110581"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144863848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional and seasonal variability in canine parasitism across the United States","authors":"Yoko Nagamori ,&nbsp;Zephran Warren ,&nbsp;Melissa Houma ,&nbsp;Nishantha Samarakoon","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110579","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110579","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seasonality has been shown to influence the prevalence of parasitic infections in dogs. Given that seasonal and climatic patterns vary across different geographic regions of the United States (US), our hypothesis was that seasonal effects on the prevalence of canine parasitism would differ significantly by region. Three main study objectives were to: (1) determine the overall prevalence of canine parasitism and identify the most commonly detected parasites for further analysis; (2) compare the prevalence of parasitism by region and by month; and (3) analyze the effect of regional and seasonal interactions on the prevalence of parasitism. A total of 48,510 cases from January 1 to December 31, 2023, were analyzed. At least one parasite was identified in 5954 cases (12.27 %). The five most common parasites were <em>Giardia intestinalis</em> (5.27 %), <em>Ancylostoma</em> spp. (3.14 %), <em>Toxocara canis</em> (2.07 %), <em>Cystoisospora</em> spp. (1.95 %), and <em>Trichuris vulpis</em> (0.88 %). Regional differences significantly influenced the prevalence of overall parasitism (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001), as well as that of <em>G. intestinalis</em> (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001), <em>Ancylostoma</em> spp. (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001), <em>T. canis</em> (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001), and <em>T. vulpis</em> (<em>P</em> = 0.0035). Monthly differences were also significant for the prevalence of total and individual parasites. A significant effect of the interactions between region and season was observed for the prevalence of overall parasites (<em>P</em> = 0.0397), <em>Ancylostoma</em> spp. (<em>P</em> = 0.0303), and <em>T. canis</em> (<em>P</em> = 0.0046), but not for <em>G. intestinalis</em> (<em>P</em> = 0.1591), <em>Cystoisospora</em> spp. (<em>P</em> = 0.7195), or <em>T. vulpis</em> (<em>P</em> = 0.2644). These findings highlight the complexity of host-parasite-environment interactions and suggest that risk factors affecting the prevalence of canine parasitism vary by different parasite species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 110579"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ectophosphatase activities and phosphate transport mechanisms in Tritrichomonas foetus and their impact on parasite proliferation","authors":"A.D. Carvalho-de-Araujo ,&nbsp;L.F. Carvalho-Kelly ,&nbsp;J.R. Meyer-Fernandes","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Tritrichomonas foetus</em> is the etiological agent of bovine trichomoniasis, a sexually transmitted disease that causes early embryonic loss, infertility, and endometritis, leading to significant economic losses in the cattle industry. Understanding its phosphate metabolism may reveal novel targets for therapeutic intervention. Phosphate metabolism plays a central role in <em>T. foetus</em> by supporting energy production, cell signaling, and macromolecule synthesis, all essential for the survival and proliferation of this parasitic protozoan. In this study, we demonstrate that <em>T. foetus</em> has at least two distinct ectophosphatases on its cell surface. One hydrolyzing p-nitrophenyl phosphate (<em>p</em>-NPP) under acidic conditions, and another acting on β-glycerophosphate hydrolysis under alkaline conditions. Both ectophosphatase activities were inhibited by sodium orthovanadate, however the inhibition of <em>p</em>-NPP hydrolysis was irreversible, whereas inhibition of β-glycerophosphate hydrolysis was reversible. These enzymes exhibit other differential biochemical properties and anchoring mechanisms, with the latter being glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored and sensitive to phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC). The inhibition caused by sodium orthovanadate significantly impaired parasite proliferation. Furthermore, we show that <em>T. foetus</em> can internalize the inorganic phosphate (P_i) released extracellularly by these enzymes, linking surface phosphatase activities and intracellular phosphate availability. P_i limitation in the culture medium drastically reduced ATP levels and parasite proliferation. The addition of β-glycerophosphate partially restored both, indicating that the parasite can hydrolyze this substrate and use the released P_i for ATP synthesis. However, this effect was abolished by phosphonoacetic acid (PAA), a P_i transport inhibitor, confirming the critical role of phosphate uptake on the parasite metabolism. Similarly, ATP production was enhanced by exposure to <em>p</em>-NPP or β-glycerophosphate and suppressed by sodium orthovanadate and PAA, confirming the integration of ectophosphatase activity, phosphate transport, and energy metabolism. Together, our findings demonstrated the relationship between ectophosphatase-mediated P_i release, P_i transport, and ATP synthesis in <em>T. foetus</em> and highlight the importance of these processes for parasite growth and survival. These results suggest that interfering with phosphate acquisition mechanisms may represent a promising strategy for the development of novel antiparasitic therapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 110578"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144828763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic potential of serum amino acid concentrations in cattle naturally infected with Theileria annulata","authors":"Cennet Nur Ünal ,&nbsp;Murat Uzti̇mür ,&nbsp;Recep Fırat ,&nbsp;Aysel İtik Ekinci","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110575","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110575","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Theileria annulata</em> (<em>T. annulata</em>) is an important hemoprotozoan that causes high morbidity and mortality. Free amino acid levels, being associated with all organ systems, can provide valuable insights into disease processes. In this study, the role and prognostic significance of the amino acid profile in the pathogenesis of the disease in cattle infected with <em>T. annulata</em> were evaluated. In the study, a total of 46 cattle were used, including 31 <em>T. annulata</em> infected cattle (survivor n = 16, nonsurvivor n = 15) and 15 healthy cattle forming the control group. 1-Methylhistidine, 3-Methylhistidine, alanine, cystathionine, gamma aminobutyric acid, glutamic acid, histidine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, taurine, tyrosine, valine, and ethanolamine levels were found to be significantly lower in the control group compared to the survivor and nonsurvivor groups. Arginine, citrulline, glutamine, threonine, and tryptophan levels were found to be significantly higher in the control group compared to the survivor and nonsurvivor groups. In animals infected with <em>T. annulata</em>, it was determined that the risk of death increases 6.56 times when the isoleucine level is ≥ 132.69 µmol/L, 3.62 times when the arginine level is ≤ 111.15 µmol/L, 2.38 times when the tyrosine level is ≥ 127.57 µmol/L, and 1.91 times when the asparagine level is ≤ 26.56 µmol/L. Changes in the levels of 21 amino acids, which could play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease among 31 amino acids, were observed. Among these, it was concluded that high levels of isoleucine and tyrosine, as well as low levels of arginine and asparagine, could be used as prognostic indicators.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 110575"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal patterns of faecal egg counts and gastrointestinal nematode species composition in Scottish dairy calves","authors":"Paul Campbell,&nbsp;Jennifer McIntyre,&nbsp;Kerry O’Neill,&nbsp;Andrew Forbes,&nbsp;Roz Laing,&nbsp;Kathryn Ellis","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections impact livestock production globally. In pasture-based systems, GIN infections are ubiquitous, typically comprising co-infections with several different species within a single host. Nematode species vary in their epidemiology, pathogenicity, and anthelmintic sensitivity, which in turn can be influenced by weather, host factors, and management practices. The epidemiology of parasitic gastroenteritis in young cattle in temperate regions has been thoroughly researched. However, many studies were conducted more than fifty years ago, before the advent of modern molecular techniques and the widespread use of macrocyclic lactone (ML) anthelmintics. This study's objective was to survey dairy farms with different management profiles, using faecal egg counts (FEC) and GIN L₃ identification, to determine if any changes had occurred since these original studies. The longitudinal study of 23 Scottish dairy farms included 131 monthly sampling points, from which 1967 individual FECs were conducted, and a minimum of 94 L₃ from pooled coprocultures identified by PCR (n = 13,297) per visit. Species composition and FEC followed expected patterns, yet varied considerably in relation to management and anthelmintic use; <em>Cooperia oncophora</em> was more abundant earlier in the grazing season, while <em>Ostertagia ostertagi</em> became more abundant as the season progressed. Other GIN observed included Trichostrongylus spp., Oesophagostomum spp., and <em>Haemonchus contortus</em>. The majority of farms relied entirely on ML products and had done so for many years. Farmer concerns regarding anthelmintic resistance were minimal, and few farms routinely employed FECs to aid management decisions. Regardless of treatment strategy, the groups exhibited no evidence of clinical disease, and FECs remained relatively low throughout, even on farms not using any anthelmintic treatment (0–480 eggs per gram).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 110574"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144810330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}