Veterinary parasitology最新文献

{"title":"The use of a Bayesian latent class model to estimate the test characteristics of three liver fluke diagnostic tests under New Zealand field conditions","authors":"A. Dowling ,&nbsp;K.E. Lawrence ,&nbsp;I. Scott ,&nbsp;L. Howe ,&nbsp;W.E. Pomroy","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The liver fluke <em>Fasciola hepatica</em> is a trematode parasite of farmed livestock with worldwide distribution, causing chronic production losses and possible death from hepatobiliary damage. The effective management of liver fluke infection requires diagnostic tests which can accurately identify infected animals at both the individual and herd level. However, the accuracy of liver fluke diagnostic tests performed on individual New Zealand cattle is currently unknown. The aim of this study was to use a Bayesian latent class model (LCM) to estimate the test characteristics of three liver fluke diagnostic tests, the coproantigen ELISA, the IDEXX antibody ELISA and the faecal egg count. One hundred and twenty dairy cows each from two dairy farms were blood and faecal sampled in April 2021. The samples were transported to Massey University, Palmerston North, and the three diagnostic tests completed following the respective manufacturer instructions. A Bayesian LCM model, adapted from the original Hui and Walter 2 tests 2 populations model, was built to estimate the test characteristics of the three diagnostic tests in the two dairy herds. The model was implemented in JAGS using Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling. The first 30,000 iterations were discarded as burn-in, and the next 200,000 iterations were used to construct the posterior distributions. Uninformed priors, beta (1,1), were used as the prior distributions for the prevalence estimation and informed beta priors, based on published results, were used as the prior distributions for estimating the sensitivity and specificity of each diagnostic test. Model convergence was confirmed by inspection of trace plots and examination of the results of the Gelman and Rubin test. The results found that the coproantigen ELISA test was the most accurate for diagnosing liver fluke infection in individual animals with a sensitivity = 0.98 (95 % CI 0.95–1.00) and specificity = 0.95 (95 % CI 0.81–1.00) compared to the IDEXX antibody ELISA test, sensitivity = 0.39 (95 % CI 0.32–0.47) and specificity = 0.86 (95 % CI 0.75–0.96) or the FEC, sensitivity = 0.23 (95 % CI 0.17–0.30) and specificity = 0.92 (95 % CI 0.86–0.97). Based on these results clinicians should be encouraged to use the coproantigen ELISA test to diagnose liver fluke infection in individual cattle.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"332 ","pages":"Article 110305"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304401724001948/pdfft?md5=db699fad4993a49ad3715bb25a769b0e&pid=1-s2.0-S0304401724001948-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-infection of Liburna oophaga sp. nov. and Ikanecator primus on cuttlefish (Sepia pharaonis) eggs and the effectiveness of peracetic acid as a treatment","authors":"Mehmet Arif Zoral ,&nbsp;Zdenek Lajbner ,&nbsp;Lucia Zifcakova ,&nbsp;Shinichi Nakamura ,&nbsp;Jonathan Miller","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110302","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110302","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The cuttlefish <em>Sepia pharaonis</em> species complex is emerging as a promising set of organisms for research in neuroscience, the behavioral sciences, and commercial aquaculture. At the same time, information about pathogens and diseases that could affect cuttlefish cultivation in intensive aquaculture settings remains limited. Our study has identified two species of parasite, the protozoan <em>Liburna oophaga</em> sp. nov. and the metazoan <em>Ikanecator primus,</em> that co-infect cuttlefish eggs, increasing mortality and reducing hatching rates. <em>L. oophaga</em> sp. nov. is reported here for the first time to enhance mortality during the incubation period by inducing deformity in cuttlefish eggs. We investigated the application of peracetic acid to parasite elimination during cuttlefish egg incubation. When cuttlefish eggs were treated with a peracetic acid containing product (PAA-product); 35 mg/L PAA + 15 mg/L H₂O₂, <em>L. oophaga</em> on the surfaces of the eggs were eliminated within 10 min. PAA-product; 70 mg/L PAA + 30 mg/L H₂O₂ was required to achieve the same effect for <em>I. primus</em>. Immersion treatment with PAA-product at 70 mg/L PAA + 30 mg/L H₂O₂ reduced parasitic load and improved survival of cuttlefish embryos and hatchling size, demonstrating that PAA product can inhibit and control parasitic co-infections in cephalopod culture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"332 ","pages":"Article 110302"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304401724001912/pdfft?md5=24f87c9c79d60d1bf85dd73f81c074da&pid=1-s2.0-S0304401724001912-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cannabis sativa (Linnaeus, 1753): The use of its extract against Rhipicephalus linnaei (Audouin, 1826) ticks","authors":"Maria Izabel Camargo-Mathias ,&nbsp;Milena de Lima Rodrigues,&nbsp;Odaiza da Silva,&nbsp;Marina Rodrigues de Abreu,&nbsp;Davy Sapatini","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110314","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110314","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To minimize the damage caused by synthetic acaricides to non-target organisms, the use of bioactives compounds extracted from plants has been considered. In this study, semi-engorged females of <em>Rhipicephalus linnaei</em> ticks were exposed to <em>Cannabis sativa</em> flower extract (submersion for 5 minutes in different concentrations diluted in ethanol 30 %) evaluated alterations in the integument and salivary glands. The results demonstrated that lower concentrations of the extract caused damage to both the integument and salivary glands, affecting the cuticular epithelial cells responsible for synthesizing all layers of the cuticle. The concentration of 2.5 mg/mL caused more extensive damage than 5.0 mg/mL, and 40 mg/mL completely disrupted the epithelium. Exposure of the salivary glands showed that at 2.5 ug/mL dose the glandular acini was disrupted, leaving only a heterogeneous mass with some nuclei of acinar cells, leading to acinar rupture. These findings indicate that the extract from <em>Cannabis sativa</em> flowers irreversibly alters the morphology and consequently, interferes with the functionality of different vital organs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"332 ","pages":"Article 110314"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a PCR assay for detection and identification of Eimeria spp. in cattle","authors":"Xuehua Chen,&nbsp;Miner Deng,&nbsp;Nan Chen,&nbsp;Xiaohong Chen,&nbsp;Na Li,&nbsp;Yaoyu Feng,&nbsp;Lihua Xiao,&nbsp;Yaqiong Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110315","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110315","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Eimeria</em> spp. are important coccidian parasites causing diarrhea and significant mortality in cattle worldwide. To date, at least 13 <em>Eimeria</em> species with varying pathogenicity have been identified in cattle. Efficient detection and identification of <em>Eimeria</em> spp. is therefore essential for the prevention and control of bovine coccidiosis. However, the commonly used microscopic examination for <em>Eimeria</em> spp. is time-consuming and requires considerable expertise. In this study, we aligned the nucleotide sequences of the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene of common <em>Eimeria</em> species and developed a nested PCR assay targeting the polymorphic SSU rRNA region of <em>Eimeria</em> spp. from cattle. Initially, the SSU rRNA gene PCR assay was compared with microscopic examination for sensitivity and detection range of <em>Eimeria</em> species using fecal samples from dairy cattle. Of the 193 fecal samples, 131 (67.9 %) and 78 (40.4 %) were positive for <em>Eimeria</em> by PCR and microscopy, respectively. Sequence analysis of the PCR products identified six <em>Eimeria</em> species, including <em>E. cylindrica</em> (n = 76), <em>E. bovis</em> (n = 54), <em>E. auburnensis</em> (n = 30), <em>E. zuernii</em> (n = 25), <em>E. wyomingensis</em> (n = 10), <em>E. canadensis</em> (n = 1), and co-infections of 2–4 species (n = 55). In contrast, only the first four species and co-infections of 2–3 species were identified by microscopy. The PCR assay was able to detect as few as 50 <em>Eimeria</em> oocysts per gram of feces. Thus, the developed SSU rRNA gene PCR assay has a high sensitivity and allowed easy identification of at least six common <em>Eimeria</em> species and their co-infections in cattle. It should be useful in molecular epidemiological studies of bovine coccidiosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"332 ","pages":"Article 110315"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142172415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of benzimidazole treatments against Haemonchus contortus in sheep and goats – Do they produce similar responses?","authors":"M. Babják ,&nbsp;A. Königová ,&nbsp;M. Urda Dolinská ,&nbsp;G. von Samson-Himmelstjerna ,&nbsp;Y. Syrota ,&nbsp;M. Komáromyová ,&nbsp;M. Várady","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110301","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110301","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The primary aim of this study was to compare the <em>in vivo</em> responses to orally administered doses of albendazole (5 mg/kg body weight) between experimentally infected sheep and goats. Fifty-four Improved Valachian lambs and 54 Saanen goat kids were split into six groups of nine animals. The sheep and goats were infected with larvae of the gastrointestinal nematode parasite <em>Haemonchus contortus</em> containing 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, and 80 % of the isotype-1 β-tubulin gene codon 200 alleles previously shown to be associated with benzimidazole (BZ)-resistance. All groups of goats generally had higher mean eggs per gram (EPG) before treatment, which was significant (<em>p</em>&lt;0.05) only for the group with 80 % resistance alleles. An <em>in vivo</em> faecal egg reduction test (FECRT) was used to determine the efficacy of albendazole (ABZ) eight days after treatment. Anthelmintic treatment significantly reduced the EPGs in the groups with 10, 20, and 80 % resistance alleles in sheep and with 10, 20, 30, and 40 % resistance alleles in goats. Differences in efficacy between the sheep and goats after the application of doses of ABZ recommended for sheep mostly ranged from 2 % to 10 %. The largest variation was in the group infected with worms containing 60 % resistance alleles, where the efficacy was 13 % higher in goats. Our secondary aims were to evaluate the data obtained from an <em>in vitro</em> egg hatch test (EHT) in sheep and goats and to compare these data with the results from the isotype-1 β-tubulin gene codon 200 pyrosequencing and the FECRT. The percentages of the BZ-resistance alleles were comparable with the mean hatching obtained in the EHT and were also supported by the FECRT data for all groups. The results of the <em>in vivo</em> tests should be verified in the future using <em>in vivo</em> surveys conducted in mixed breeds and infections in multiple species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"332 ","pages":"Article 110301"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142163868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence and risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii exposure in Australian feral and stray cats using an in-house modified agglutination test","authors":"K.L.D. Tharaka D. Liyanage ,&nbsp;Jemima Amery-Gale ,&nbsp;Alessandro D. Uboldi ,&nbsp;Katherine Adriaanse ,&nbsp;Simon M. Firestone ,&nbsp;Christopher J. Tonkin ,&nbsp;Abdul Jabbar ,&nbsp;Jasmin Hufschmid","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110306","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110306","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Toxoplasma gondii</em> is a globally distributed zoonotic protist, capable of infecting all warm-blooded animals. In Australia, cats (<em>Felis catus</em>) are the only definitive host capable of spreading <em>T. gondii</em> infection via oocysts. Free-roaming cats are widespread in Australia and can play a central role in the ecology of <em>T. gondii</em>. Therefore, understanding the epidemiology of this parasite in stray and feral cats is essential to understanding the potential risk of infection in animals and humans. Due to a lack of easily accessible commercial kits, an in-house modified agglutination test (MAT) was established to test for IgG antibodies against <em>T. gondii</em>, using cell culture-derived <em>T. gondii</em> tachyzoites, and compared with a commercial MAT. A total of 552 serum samples collected during 2018 – 2021 from stray (n = 456) and feral cats (n = 90) (samples with missing data n = 6) from four Australian states, representing different age groups of both sexes, were screened for antibodies against <em>T. gondii</em>. Risk factors for <em>T. gondii</em> infection were assessed using multivariable logistic regression analysis. The in-house MAT had excellent agreement with the commercial MAT and provided a reliable and economical serological tool for <em>T. gondii</em> screening in animals. The overall observed seroprevalence for <em>T. gondii</em> in cats was 40.4 % (223/552). Bodyweight (as a proxy for age), geographical location, season and whether cats were feral or stray, were factors associated with <em>T. gondii</em> seropositivity in cats. Sex was not found to be a risk factor for <em>T. gondii</em> infection in feral and stray cats. This study shows that Australian stray and feral cats have a high <em>T. gondii</em> seroprevalence, which may translate to significant health impacts for wildlife species, livestock and the public.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"332 ","pages":"Article 110306"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030440172400195X/pdfft?md5=77aa8228fbe93adea527717ce1cee2f0&pid=1-s2.0-S030440172400195X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142163869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular and morphological analysis revealed a new Lipoptena species (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) in southern Spain harbouring Coxiella burnetii and bacterial endosymbionts","authors":"Mikel Alexander González ,&nbsp;Ignacio Ruiz-Arrondo ,&nbsp;Sergio Magallanes ,&nbsp;Jozef Oboňa ,&nbsp;María José Ruiz-López ,&nbsp;Jordi Figuerola","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hippoboscid flies (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) are obligate bloodsucking ectoparasites of animals. In Europe, limited research has been conducted on this family until the recent introduction of the deer ked <em>Lipoptena fortisetosa</em> Maa, 1965. A new species of the genus <em>Lipoptena, Lipoptena andaluciensis</em> sp. nov., was found in southern Spain after extensive sampling with carbon-dioxide baited suction traps. A total of 52 females and 32 males were collected at 29 out of 476 sites examined over eight months in 2023. <em>Lipoptena andaluciensis</em> sp. nov. was characterized morphologically and molecularly. The new <em>Lipoptena</em> species can be differentiated from the closely related <em>L. fortisetosa</em> by size, chaetotaxy of the dorsal and ventral thorax, abdominal plates, and genitalia. Based on DNA-barcoding, our specimens showed the highest similarity with <em>Melophagus ovinus</em> (Linnaeus, 1758) (88.4 %) and with <em>L. fortisetosa</em> (86–88 %). Individual screening of <em>Lipoptena</em> specimens (n = 76) for seven important zoonotic pathogens such as bacteria (Anaplasmataceae family: <em>Bartonella</em> spp., <em>Borrelia</em> spp., <em>Coxiella burnetii</em> and <em>Rickettsia</em> spp.) and protozoans (<em>Babesia</em> spp. and <em>Theileria</em> spp.) by conventional PCR and RT-PCR was performed. DNA of <em>C. burnetii</em> was detected in one specimen, while two other specimens harboured Anaplasmataceae (<em>Wolbachia</em> spp., 100 % homology and another endosymbiont probably related to <em>Arsenophonus</em> sp., 95.3 % homology, respectively), all representing the first records of these bacteria in the <em>Lipoptena</em> spp. from Europe. Carbon dioxide traps probed its effectiveness as a reliable passive method for keds surveillance. Our study highlights the existence of a new <em>Lipoptena</em> species, presumably widely distributed in southern Spain. The role of this species in the transmission cycle of pathogens of medical-veterinary relevance needs to be considered in the area.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"332 ","pages":"Article 110300"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304401724001894/pdfft?md5=98703f27bf4f2119778ad447a60c37b8&pid=1-s2.0-S0304401724001894-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142172414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring alternative anthelmintic compounds: Impact of peruvin, hentriacontane/1-nonacosanol and their synergistic effect on the health of Meriones unguiculatus infected with Haemonchus contortus","authors":"Luis David Arango-De la Pava,&nbsp;Nancy Guadalupe Flores-Jiménez,&nbsp;Jorge Alfredo Cuéllar-Ordaz,&nbsp;Héctor Alejandro de la Cruz-Cruz,&nbsp;Rosa Isabel Higuera-Piedrahita,&nbsp;Raquel López-Arellano","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Haemonchus contortus</em> is a highly pathogenic blood-feeding parasite affecting sheep and goats, leading to significant economic losses. With increasing resistance to conventional anthelmintics, exploring plant-based alternatives is crucial. <em>In vitro,</em> studies suggest that peruvin and hentriacontane/1-nonacosanol, isolated from <em>Artemisia cina</em> (Asteraceae), may synergistically control <em>Haemonchus contortus</em>. However, their <em>in vivo</em> efficacy and safety are unestablished. This study evaluated these compounds' anthelmintic activity and health effects and their synergistic mixture in <em>Meriones unguiculatus</em> (gerbils). The compounds were isolated using open-column chromatography and identified by spectroscopic techniques. Gerbils were artificially infected with <em>H. contortus</em> following dexamethasone treatment to enhance infection. Anthelmintic activity was assessed by larval reduction in the stomach, blood biochemical parameters using a blood chemistry analyzer, and the anatomopathological changes in kidney and liver tissues. Peruvin (0.4 mg/kg) and hentriacontane/1-nonacosanol (2.60 mg/kg) achieved larvicidal reductions of 84.86 % and 74.05 %, respectively, while their synergistic mixture (0.08/0.0017 mg/kg) resulted in a 100 % reduction. Histopathological analysis revealed minor inflammation and albuminous degeneration, primarily affecting the liver. The peruvin-treated group showed notable kidney damage, while hepatic alterations were similar across both compounds. Although effective, further research is needed to optimize dosing and ensure safety</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"332 ","pages":"Article 110303"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142146446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EtROP38 suppresses apoptosis of host cells infected with Eimeria tenella by inhibition of the p38MAPK pathway","authors":"Bu-ting Duan ,&nbsp;Hao-yu Zhang ,&nbsp;Zi-hao Song ,&nbsp;Xiao-yi Han ,&nbsp;Kai-ling Cui ,&nbsp;Tong Xu ,&nbsp;Yu Zhang ,&nbsp;Yong-juan Zhao ,&nbsp;Xuan Lei ,&nbsp;Fan Tan ,&nbsp;Lu-lu Guo ,&nbsp;Hui-lin Yang ,&nbsp;Li Zhang ,&nbsp;Rui Bai ,&nbsp;Xiao-ling Lv ,&nbsp;Ming-xue Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Coccidiosis is an important parasitic disease that has serious adverse effects on the global poultry industry. The mechanism by which the pathogenic factors of <em>Eimeria tenella</em> damage host cells is unknown. Some kinases from the rhoptry compartment can regulate apoptosis of host cells. This study focused on revealing the role and critical nodes of <em>E. tenella</em> rhoptry protein (<em>Et</em>ROP) 38 in controlling the apoptosis of host cells via the P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. The cells were treated with <em>Et</em>ROP38 protein, siRNA p38MAPK, or both. The rate of infection, apoptosis, and the dynamic changes in the expression and activation of key factor genes of the P38MAPK signaling pathway in host cells infected with <em>E. tenella</em> were measured. The results showed that the addition of <em>Et</em>ROP38 and/or knockdown of the host cells <em>p38</em> gene reduced the apoptosis rate of cecal epithelial cells (CECS), decreased the mRNA expressions of <em>p38, p53, c-myc, c-fos,</em> and <em>c-jun</em> and increased the expression of <em>p65</em>, decreased the protein expressions of c-myc, c-fos, and c-jun, decreased the p38 protein phosphorylation level, and increased the p65 protein phosphorylation level in CECS. When <em>E. tenella</em> was inoculated for 4–96 h, the addition of <em>Et</em> ROP38 and/or host cell <em>p38</em> knockdown both increased the infection rate of host cells, and this effect was more pronounced with the addition of <em>Et</em>ROP38 with the host cell <em>p38</em> knockdown. These observations indicate that <em>E. tenella</em> can inhibits the activation of the p38MAPK signaling pathway in host cells via <em>Et</em>ROP38, which suppresses apoptosis in host cells.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 110296"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304401724001857/pdfft?md5=d417ef4596cf3d9626576d168d1c381c&pid=1-s2.0-S0304401724001857-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142098059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The quality and characteristics of bovine sperm are compromised by Toxoplasma gondii antigens, impacting in in vitro bull fertility","authors":"Kelvin Orlando Espinoza Blandon ,&nbsp;Bruno Augusto Nassif Travençolo ,&nbsp;Aryani Felixa Fajardo Martínez ,&nbsp;Yulizabeth Daniela Pinto Rojas ,&nbsp;Muller Carrara Martins ,&nbsp;Kamila Alves Fontoura ,&nbsp;Tiago Wilson Patriarca Mineo ,&nbsp;Marcelo Emílio Beletti","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110297","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110297","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Studies in various species have demonstrated different results on the effects of <em>T. gondii</em> infection on sperm quality. It has also been demonstrated that in some stages of the disease, there is elimination of cellular debris or even the intact parasite in the semen. The present work aimed to evaluate the <em>in vitro</em> effects of the presence of soluble <em>T. gondii</em> antigens in bovine semen on sperm integrity. The spermatozoa were treated with <em>T. gondii</em> antigens in double serial dilutions classified as high, medium and low doses (8, 4, 2 µg/ml) in \"TALP-Sperm” and “TALP-Fert\" media. The results showed that <em>T. gondii</em> antigens affect sperm motility and mitochondrial activity, and cause changes in sperm chromatin integrity, as well as damage to the sperm membrane and acrosome. Finally, spermatozoa treated with <em>T. gondii</em> antigens were evaluated in the <em>in vitro</em> production of embryos (IVEP). The use of semen contaminated with antigens in IVEP routines did not lead to a decrease in the fertilization of oocytes, as sperm undergo selection before <em>in vitro</em> fertilization, which eliminates the most altered sperm. However, early embryonic development was affected, probably by structural changes that were not eliminated in the selection process. The results demonstrated that the presence of soluble <em>T. gondii</em> antigens in bovine semen alters sperm integrity and vital characteristics for the fertilization process and embryonic development and therefore causes fertility problems in males.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 110297"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142128256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}