Smart application of silver nanoparticles in the treatment of chicken coccidiosis in combination with special supplement to alleviate its toxicity

Abstract

This study investigated the efficacy of a locally formulated nano-silver particle (Ag-NPs) treatment for controlling Eimeria spp. in chickens. Various concentrations of Ag-NPs were evaluated for their ability to inhibit the sporulation of five Eimeria species oocysts in vitro, with LC₅₀ and LC₁₀₀ values determined. The most effective concentrations (20 μg/mL and 25 μg/mL) were administered to experimentally infected chickens for five consecutive days through their feed, either as a normal diet or supplemented with a Vitamin A, E, C, and selenium complex (VSeC). Results showed a significant reduction in the number of oocysts shed, lower lesion scores, and improved weight gain in chickens treated with Ag-NPs, with effects comparable to the reference drug Amprolium. Ag-NPs at 25 μg/mL exhibited the highest efficacy, though mild silver toxicity was observed. Supplementation with VSeC enhanced all parameters and mitigated the mild toxicity associated with the high-dose Ag-NP treatment. Further analysis of redox parameters (malondialdehyde, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase) and liver (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase) and kidney function (serum urea, creatinine) revealed slight elevations in these markers, which were negligible in the VSeC-supplemented groups. In conclusion, Ag-NPs at doses of 20–25 μg/mL for five days were effective in controlling Eimeria infection in chickens. The inclusion of VSeC in the feed provided protective effects, alleviating potential toxicity and enhancing overall treatment outcomes.